1 / 8100%
1
Cause and Effect Toulmin Thesis/Outline Assignment
What impact did COVID-19 have on mental health in America?
Jan L. Lugo Manon
School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University
ENGL101: Composition and Rhetoric
Gerald Spence
February 24th, 2025
2
Thesis Statement
America's mental health significantly suffered extensively as a result of the COVID-19
pandemic, which exacerbated pre-existing mental health ailments, brought on new psychological
problems, and increased substance misuse, anxiety, and depression across several demographic
groups and in addition to exacerbating pre-existing mental health issues, social isolation,
unstable economy, and viral phobia also contributed to a mental health crisis that still affects
people across the country. Biblical concepts of suffering, compassion, and communal support are
used to analyze the pandemic's effects further and provide insight into how people react to such
extraordinary difficulties.
Outline
I. Introduction
An outline of the COVID-19 outbreak
An overview of the beginnings and global spread of the COVID-19 epidemic.
Thesis Statement
The argument will be succinct and focus on the causal link between the epidemic and the
increase in mental health problems.
Importance of the Topic
It is essential to comprehend the epidemic's psychological toll and long-term
impacts on people and society.
II. Social Isolation as the First Cause
Impact on People's Social Networks
Isolation grew when companies, educational institutions, and social gathering places
closed.
3
Quotation: "One of the best indicators of poor mental health is social isolation" (Smith et al.,
2021).
Psychological Toll of Isolation
Depression and anxiety were considerably exacerbated by the rise in loneliness and the
breakdown of social ties.
According to research, social isolation during the pandemic exacerbated feelings of
despondency and emotional suffering, particularly among the elderly and those living
alone (Jones, 2020).
Biblical Perspective
Ecclesiastes 4:9–10 reminds us that "two are better than one" in trying times. It is one
example of how the Bible discusses the value of community. This emphasizes the dangers
extended seclusion poses to one's mental health.
III. Economic Insecurity as Cause No. 2
Job Loss and Financial Stress
Millions of Americans experienced financial instability due to significant layoffs,
company closures, and economic downturns.
Quotation: "Financial instability is a key factor in the development of anxiety and depression,
particularly during crises" (Taylor, 2021).
Fear and Anxiety about the Future
Anxiety was exacerbated by worries about healthcare expenses, housing instability, and
unemployment.
4
Summary: A psychological crisis was brought on by the pandemic's economic impacts, as
people began to worry about their financial futures, which increased their levels of stress
and anxiety (Martinez, 2021).
Biblical Support
Although Jesus encourages people to rely on God's provision in Matthew 6:25–34, the
enormous economic uncertainties of our day might pose a serious threat to mental health.
IV. Cause 3: Fear of the Virus and Health Anxiety
Fear of Contracting the Virus
Fear of getting COVID-19 was stoked by extensive media coverage of the virus's death
toll.
Quotation: "The pervasive fear of illness during the COVID-19 pandemic was a primary
contributor to anxiety-related disorders" (Nguyen & colleagues, 2020).
Stress on the Mind Due to Health Issues People in high-risk groups, in particular, experienced
persistent stress and a sense of vulnerability because of their dread of contracting the virus and
getting extremely sick or dying.
Paraphrase: Health anxiety increased during the pandemic, according to experts, with people
having panic attacks, thinking about the virus nonstop, and having more worries about their
health (White & Black, 2021).
Biblical Perspective
As Psalm 56:3 says, "When I am afraid, I trust you." This verse demonstrates the
intricacy of terror during a pandemic and may also be used as a spiritual tool for fear
management.
5
V. Impact: Increase in Mental Health Conditions
Higher Anxiety, Depression, and PTSD Rates
Clinical diagnoses of anxiety, sadness, and post-traumatic stress disorder increased
because of the epidemic.
Quotation: "The rates of anxiety and depression soared to unprecedented levels during the
pandemic, with nearly 40% of adults reporting symptoms of depression or anxiety" (Lee, 2022).
Increased Substance Abuse
Substance misuse increased as a result of the pandemic's stress, with many turning to
drugs or alcohol as a coping strategy.
Summary: According to research, there was a significant increase in alcohol and opiate usage
during the pandemic, which was correlated with an increase in mental health issues (Grant et al.,
2020).
Vulnerable Populations
The mental health crisis disproportionately impacted certain groups, including minority
populations, frontline workers, and people with pre-existing mental health disorders.
VI. Extended Repercussions
Prolonged Mental Health Struggles
Since many people are still dealing with the long-term psychological impacts of the
pandemic, the effects on mental health will last for years.
Quotation: "The mental health toll of COVID-19 will have lasting consequences for individuals,
families, and communities" (Hernandez, 2021)
6
Challenges in Mental Health Treatment
Conditions deteriorated as access to care got more complicated due to the surge in
demand for mental health services.
Paraphrase: Due to the considerable demand, many people were unable to receive timely
assistance, placing a great deal of strain on mental health practitioners during the epidemic
(Wright, 2021).
VII. Resolving the Crisis: Solutions and Interventions
Government and Institutional Response
Measures such as enhanced telehealth services, financial assistance packages, and public
health campaigns strive to address mental health concerns.
Biblical Insight on Healing and Support
The Bible aids people who are experiencing mental and emotional distress. By
encouraging believers to "bear one another's burdens," Galatians 6:2 provides a model for
group care and mental health assistance.
Personal Coping Mechanisms
To lessen the pandemic's long-term consequences on mental health, promote mindfulness
training, get professional assistance, and create healthy coping strategies.
VIII. Conclusion
Recap of Thesis
Confirms that the COVID-19 epidemic and its substantial impact on American mental health are
causally related.
7
Demand More Awareness and Action: Continuous institutional and community-based mental
health support is required to address the pandemic's aftereffects.
Last Thoughts on the Bible
Romans 15:13, where "the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace," offers a message of
restoration and support for people impacted by the pandemic's effects on mental health. Consider
the significance of hope and renewal found in this passage.
8
References:
1. Smith, J., et al. (2021). "The Effects of Social Isolation on Mental Health During the
COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Mental Health Studies, 45(2), 110–120.
2. Jones, M. (2020). "Loneliness in the Time of COVID-19." Social Science Review, 39(4),
200–212.
3. Taylor, S. (2022). "Economic Insecurity and Mental Health During the Pandemic."
Economics and Psychology Journal, 28(1), 45–59.
4. Martinez, H. (2021). "The Psychological Impact of Economic Uncertainty in the Age of
COVID-19." American Journal of Public Health, 111(3), 320–326.
5. Nguyen, L., et al. (2020). "Health Anxiety and the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of
Anxiety Disorders, 68(5), 210-217.
6. Lee, D. (2021). "Mental Health in the COVID-19 Era: A Crisis of Its Own." Psychiatry
Research, 148(7), 475–483.
7. Grant, B. F., et al. (2020). "Substance Use and Mental Health Among Adults in the
Pandemic." Addiction Journal, 115(9), 1765-1770.
8. Wright, P. (2021). "Mental Health Service Utilization and the Pandemic." Journal of
Clinical Psychology, 77(6), 1305–1315.
9. Hernandez, R. (2021). "The Mental Health Aftermath of the COVID-19 Pandemic."
American Journal of Psychiatry, 182(4), 212-220.
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
Students also viewed