Chapter 9 Practice Quiz
Why is having controlled variables so important in experimentation?
a. Experimenters need to be able to measure
outcomes.
b. It is the only way to determine what
causes what.
c. One does not know ahead of time what the experimental
results will be.
d. Experimenters must limit the number of variables
they study.
Correct
What does the law of the single significant variable enable researchers to do?
a. Identify in advance which variable needs to be
controlled.
b. Obtain quantitative results from social science
experiments.
c. Manipulate independent
variables.
d. Compare situations between which only one
factor differs.
Correct
Which of the following are true of extraneous variables?
a. They may affect the dependent
variable.
b. They may affect the independent
variable.
c. They may be
confounding.
d. They are to be expected in research on
human beings.
e. They must be present to ensure proper
controls.
Correct
The same independent variable can have different levels.
)a.
True
)b.
False
Correct
Most educational experiments study the difference between:
a. equivalent control
groups.
b. two or more different
treatments.
c. a treatment condition and no
treatment.
d. an experimental group and an extraneous
group.
Correct
Which of the following basic conditions are assumed in experimental design?
a. Causes are necessary conditions for their
effects.
b. Causes precede effects in
time.
c. People behave in predictable
ways.
d. Causes covary with
effects.
e. A single explanation for causal relationships can be
determined.
Correct
Which of the following are types of experimental validity?
a. statistical conclusion
validity
b. internal
validity
c. construct
d. test
validity
e. external
validity
Correct
One commonality among the various threats to internal validity is that they all:
a. arise from statistical
errors.
b. allow for alternative
explanations.
c. have to do with how data is
gathered.
d. are related to interactions between researchers and
subjects.
Correct
Systematic means of anticipating threats to internal validity seek to:
a. treat all experimental groups in the
same way.
b. randomize as many factors as
possible.
c. experiment with as many groups as
possible.
d. ensure that any results are due to experimental
treatment.
Correct
Which of the following are procedures that are commonly used to deal with threats to
internal validity?
a. analysis of
covariance
b. subjects acting as their own
controls
c. heterogeneous
selection
d. situational
differences
e. random
assignment
Correct
Which of the following are threats to statistical conclusion validity?
a. restricted range of
scores
b. situational
differences
c. violations of statistical
assumptions
d. indicators that do not represent the
construct
e. tests with low
power
Correct
Which of the following is an example of a)construct?
a.
behavior
b.
apathy
c.
grades
d. test
scores
Correct
Which of the following are threats to external validity?
a. small sample
size
b. setting−treatment
interaction
c. subject
effects
d. selection−treatment
interaction
