Parent Hale Holmgren
believes
that
children
who have to be
active
and into something all the time are difficult an
d annoying. Holmgren’s 12-year-old daughter is active and getting into things all
the
time. This situation illustrates
high negative emotionality.
typical parent perspectives.
poor fit.
gender differences.
A
child views herself as unworthy of love and expects that adults will be unresponsive
and uncaring. She has
a
negative
temperament.
internal working model.
autonomous attachment.
balance of attachment.
At three
months of age, Silas smiles at everyone and allows anyone to pick him up. At
se
ven
months, he cries whenever an unknown person picks him up or plays with him. Sil
as is experiencing
approach behavior.
separation distress.
stranger wariness.
imprinting.
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Question 3
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Quiz: Attachment and Personality
Question 1
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Question 2
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In the United States from the 1950s to the 1980s, there was a cohort effect for increasing
SAT scores.
anxiety/neuroticism.
sociability.
agreeableness.
By taking into account the extinction principle of operant conditioning, parents might be able to terminate
certain types of infant behavior, like crying, during the night by ignoring the child. It may be unwise for
parents to use this technique too often, however, because
operant conditioning techniques rarely lead to permanent changes in behavior.
infants need to learn to become independent as soon as possible.
infants need to learn that they can get others to respond.
it is very difficult for parents to be consistent, and this confuses the child.
Which of the following is the strongest predictor of teacher-student relationships?
gender
academic performance
SES
attachment at home
School bonding is primarily caused by which of the following?
secure attachment to the mother
close relationships with teachers and others at school
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Question 7
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supported transitions in and within schools
a wide variety of extracurricular activities
Temperament traits discussed in the text include which of the following?
openness and conscientiousness
agreeableness and neuroticism
negative emotionality and behavioral inhibition
secure attachment and internal working models
In order to develop secure attachment, mothers and infants need to be
in physical contact almost all the time.
responsive to one another.
frequently left alone together.
part of a cohesive family.
According to the text, how should teachers treat shy learners?
frequently encourage them to get outside of their comfort zone
give them control over how quickly they engage in new situations
put them with new children frequently so they get used to making new friends
have them use computer-assisted instruction
The definition of behavioral inhibition overlaps with (is somewhat the same as)
negative emotionality.
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Question 10
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Question 9
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Question 8
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difficult temperament.
effortful control.
shyness.
What sort of research has supported the causal explanation that mothers cause secure or insecure attachm
ent?
correlational
qualitative
experimental
retrospective
Children who display disorganized attachment are likely to have
behaviors that result in academic achievement.
a
desire to be caretakers of their mothers.
at least two siblings.
strange or bizarre behaviors.
A
one-year-old child largely ignores the fact that his mother has left him with
a
strange
r and does not seem to care when
his mother returns. What form of attachment is this?
insecure resistant
secure
insecure avoidant
disorganized
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Question 12
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Question 14
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A
key insight of attachment theory is that
it is normal for three-year-olds to show intense clinginess.
securely attached infants are dependent.
securely attached infants use their attachment figure as a base for exploration.
securely attached infants have a
single attachment figure.
Effective teachers should attempt what for their insecurely attached students?
disconfirm their negative internal working models
avoid interaction with insecurely attached students
lower their expectations for insecurely attached students
seat all insecurely attached students together
Attachment security influences which of the following?
temperament traits, personality traits, and personality types
temperament traits, but NOT personality traits and personality types
temperament traits and personality traits, but NOT personality types
personality traits and personality types, but NOT temperament traits
The Strange Situation Procedure is primarily a measure of
adult attachment.
toddler attachment.
autonomous attachment.
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Question 17
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Question 15
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Question 16
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social referencing.
Which of the following statements about dependency and attachment is true?
Attachment is a phase of dependency that children outgrow.
Secure attachment ties the child to the attachment figure in a dependent relationship.
Secure attachment liberates children and is not dependency.
Dependent children seldom display attachment behavior.
Baby geese imprint onto their mothers or other moving objects. This is an insight generated by
Freudian/psychoanalytic theory.
Bowlby and Ainsworth’s attachment theory.
cognitive-developmental theory.
ethology.
Attachment research suggests that most children would be particularly resistant about being left with a ne
w babysitter when they are
newborn infants.
about one
-year-old.
about four
-years-old.
about six
-years-old.
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Parents of which type of child are most likely to be frightening to the child?
insecure resistant
Question 22
I
Question 20
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Question 19
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Question 21
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secure
insecure avoidant
disorganized
Epigenetic refers to which of the following?
the environment influences whether genes are expressed or not
a
version of
a
gene that contributes to
a
specific type of attribute
orchid children
a
genetic basis for negative emotionality
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A
one-year-old child signals to be picked up by her mother upon reunion, but pushes a
way when her mother picks her up. What form of attachment is this?
insecure resistant
secure
insecure avoidant
disorganized
An infant’s temperament is highly reactive to novelty and frustration. The parent is intrusive, coercive, an
d controlling. What is the likely outcome for the child?
independent and curious
angry and aggressive
sociable and well-liked
athletic but a poor student
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Question 23
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