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DSM SUMMARIES ASSIGNMENT
DSM Summaries Assignment
Brandon T. Wilson
Counselor Education and Family Studies, Liberty University
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DSM SUMMARIES ASSIGNMENT
Bipolar and Related Disorders Overview:
“All of the following information was taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5
th
Edition, Text Revision (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) unless otherwise noted.”
Bipolar and Related Disorders include several conditions characterized by episodes of
mood disturbance, ranging from manic or hypomanic episodes to depressive episodes. The
primary disorders within this category include Bipolar 1 disorder, Bipolar II disorder,
Cyclothymic disorder, Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (NOS), Other specified and
unspecified bipolar and related disorder.
Disorders:
“All of the following information was taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5
th
Edition, Text Revision (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) unless otherwise noted.”
Bipolar I Disorder: Criteria include the presence of at least one manic episode, which is a
distinct period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased energy or
activity. The manic episode may be preceded or followed by hypomanic or major depressive
episodes. Bipolar II Disorder: Characterized by at least one hypomanic episode and one major
depressive episode. Hypomanic episodes are less severe than full manic episodes but still involve
abnormally elevated mood and increased energy. Cyclothymic Disorder: Involves numerous
periods of hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a
major depressive episode. Symptoms persist for at least two years in adults (one year in children
and adolescents). Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (NOS Used when symptoms do ):
not meet the criteria for Bipolar I, Bipolar II, or Cyclothymic Disorder, but there is still evidence
of significant mood disturbance. Other Specified and Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorders:
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DSM SUMMARIES ASSIGNMENT
These categories are used when symptoms do not fit the criteria for the specific bipolar disorders
mentioned above but still involve significant mood disturbance.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
“All of the following information was taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5
th
Edition, Text Revision (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) unless otherwise noted.”
Some risk associated with Bipolar I disorder: Genetic factors: A family history of Bipolar
I Disorder, or other mood disorders increases the risk. There is a genetic component to the
disorder, and individuals with close relatives who have bipolar disorder are at a higher risk.
Prognostic factors: An earlier age of onset, particularly during adolescence or early adulthood,
may be associated with a more severe course of Bipolar I Disorder.
Depressive Disorders Overview
“All of the following information was taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5
th
Edition, Text Revision (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) unless otherwise noted.”
Depressive disorders encompass a spectrum of conditions, including disruptive mood
dysregulation disorder, major depressive disorder (with major depressive episodes), persistent
depressive disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, substance/medication-induced depressive
disorder, depressive disorder due to another medical condition, other specified depressive
disorder, and unspecified depressive disorder. The common thread across these disorders is the
presence of a sad, empty, or irritable mood, accompanied by associated changes that significantly
impact the individual's ability to function.
Disorders
“All of the following information was taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5
th
Edition, Text Revision (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) unless otherwise noted.”
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DSM SUMMARIES ASSIGNMENT
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder: is primarily characterized by persistent, severe
irritability. Firstly, there are frequent temper outbursts, often triggered by frustration and
expressed verbally or behaviorally Secondly, the persistent irritability or anger that exists
between these severe temper outbursts is a key feature. Major Depressive Disorder: Noticeable
changes in body weight, characterized by significant weight loss without intentional dieting or
substantial weight gain (such as a shift exceeding 5% of body weight within a month), or
alterations in appetite occurring almost daily. A major depressive episode is characterized by a
duration of at least two weeks during which an individual experiences either a consistently
depressed mood or a pervasive loss of interest or pleasure in almost all activities for most of the
day, nearly every day. Persistent Depressive Disorder A major depressive episode is
characterized by a duration of at least two weeks during which an individual experiences either a
consistently depressed mood or a pervasive loss of interest or pleasure in almost all activities for
most of the day, nearly every day. Persistent depressive disorder may be preceded by major
depression, and major depressive episodes may manifest during persistent depressive disorder.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder The core characteristics of premenstrual dysphoric disorder
involve the manifestation of mood lability, irritability, dysphoria, and anxiety symptoms that
consistently occur during the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle and resolve around the
onset of menses or shortly thereafter. While mood and anxiety symptoms constitute the central
features, it is common for behavioral and somatic symptoms to co-occur as well.
Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder To fulfill the criteria for diagnosis, the
depressive symptoms must have emerged either during or shortly after substance intoxication or
withdrawal or following exposure to or withdrawal from a medication. This should be supported
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DSM SUMMARIES ASSIGNMENT
by clinical history, physical examination, or laboratory findings. For the diagnosis to be
established, it is necessary that the depressive symptoms induced by substance or medication
result in clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other crucial
areas of functioning. Depressive Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition The crucial aspect
of depressive disorder due to another medical condition involves a prominent and enduring
period of depressed mood or significantly reduced interest or pleasure in nearly all activities,
prevailing in the clinical presentation. This condition is attributed to the physiological effects of
another medical condition.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
“All of the following information was taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5
th
Edition, Text Revision (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) unless otherwise noted.”
Temperamental: Negative affectivity, also known as neuroticism, is a widely recognized
risk factor for the initiation of major depressive disorder. Elevated levels of negative affectivity
seem to increase the likelihood of individuals experiencing depressive episodes in reaction to
stressful life events.
Anxiety Disorders Overview
“All of the following information was taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5
th
Edition, Text Revision (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) unless otherwise noted.”
Anxiety disorders encompass conditions characterized by excessive fear, anxiety, and
associated behavioral disturbances. Fear is the emotional reaction to an actual or perceived
imminent threat, while anxiety involves the anticipation of potential future threats.
Disorders
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DSM SUMMARIES ASSIGNMENT
“All of the following information was taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5
th
Edition, Text Revision (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) unless otherwise noted.”
Separation Anxiety Disorder The core characteristic of separation anxiety disorder
involves an overwhelming fear or anxiety related to the prospect of separation from home or
attachment figures. Selective Mutism When engaged in social interactions with others, children
experiencing selective mutism refrain from initiating speech and do not respond reciprocally
when spoken to by others. This absence of speech is evident in interactions with both children
and adults. Specific Phobia Specifiers are offered to categorize feared situations or objects. Many
individuals may experience fear related to objects or situations spanning multiple categories or
phobic stimuli. In diagnosing specific phobia, it is crucial that the response differs from typical,
fleeting fears commonly observed in the general population. Social Anxiety Disorder The core
characteristic of social anxiety disorder is a significant and heightened fear or anxiety concerning
social situations where the individual may face scrutiny by others. In the case of children, this
fear or anxiety must manifest in peer settings and not solely during interactions with adults.
Panic Disorder Recurrent unexpected panic attacks, which are abrupt surges of intense fear or
discomfort that reach a peak within minutes. The symptoms persist for at least one month and are
associated with significant distress or functional impairment. Panic Attack Specifier The core
characteristic of a panic attack is a sudden, intense surge of fear or discomfort that peaks within
minutes. During this period, four or more of the 13 specified physical and cognitive symptoms
may manifest. Agoraphobia for the diagnosis to be established, symptoms must be acknowledged
in at least two of the following five situations: 1) using public transportation, including
automobiles, buses, trains, ships, or planes; 2) being in open spaces like parking lots,
marketplaces, or bridges; 3) being in enclosed spaces such as shops, theaters, or cinemas; 4)
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DSM SUMMARIES ASSIGNMENT
standing in line or being in a crowd; or 5) being outside of the home alone. Generalized Anxiety
Disorder excessive and uncontrollable worry about various events or activities, occurring more
days than not for at least six months. The worry is difficult to control and is associated with three
or more of the following symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, irritability, muscle tension, sleep
disturbances, and difficulty concentrating. The symptoms persist for at least six months and
cause significant distress or impairment in daily functioning. Substance/Medication-Induced
Anxiety Disorder the development of anxiety symptoms that are attributed to the physiological
effects of a substance (e.g., drug of abuse, medication) or a medication withdrawal. The
symptoms persist as long as the individual is under the influence of the substance, during
withdrawal, or because of medication use.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
“All of the following information was taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5
th
Edition, Text Revision (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) unless otherwise noted.”
Temperamental Fundamental traits associated with a susceptibility to social anxiety
disorder encompass behavioral inhibition, a fear of negative evaluation and a tendency toward
harm avoidance.
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DSM SUMMARIES ASSIGNMENT
Reference:
First, M. B. (2022). . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5-TR
American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
