ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART 1
Assessment Tools Chart
Anna Stewart
School of Education, Liberty University
ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART 2
Assessment Tools Chart
A T P S
Leiter
International
Performance
Scale-3rd Edition
(Leiter-3)
Authors: Gale
H. Roid, Lucy J.
Miller, Mark
Pomplun and
Chris Koch
Age/Grade
Levels: Ages 3-
Adult 75+
Administration
Time: 20-45
minutes
Subtest
Information:
The Leiter-3 has
10 subtests that
are: Cognitive
Scales (Fluid
Intelligence):
Sequential
Order, Form
This is an
intelligence test
that only
measures
nonverbal
intelligence. It is
considered more
accurate than
other tests
because of the
elimination of
language.
This test would be
given by a
psychological
counselor or
psychologist. You
can also give this
assessment if you
have been
certified by the
private sector.
This assessment
has replaced the
very popular
Leiter-R which
was a non-verbal
intelligence and
This
assessment is
given without
the examiner
or examinee
being required
to speak.
They do not
have to write
or read
anything
either. The
test is
conducted as
a game and
that is how it
holds the
examinee’s
attention. The
test is very
easy to
administer
and does not
take very
long. The way
this
assessment is
scored
objectively
makes it an
Pierangelo, R. A., & Giuliani, G. A. (2022). Assessment in Special
Education (6th ed.). Pearson Education (US).
https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/books/9780137545537
Leiter International Performance Scale. (2022, July 12). Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiter_International_Performance_Scal
e
Jolly, Stephen. (2000). Understanding body language: Birdwhistell’s theory
of kinesics. Corporate Communications: An International Journal. 5.
133-139. 10.1108/13563280010377518.
ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART 3
Completion,
Classification
and Analogies,
Figure-Ground,
Matching/Repea
ted Patterns.
Attention and
Memory Scales:
Forward
Memory,
Reverse
Memory,
Attention
Sustained,
Attention
Divided, and
Nonverbal
Stroop.
Not all subtests
may be required
for some
examinees.
cognitive abilities
test The Leiter-3
is an updated and
redesigned
assessment so that
a larger age group
could be assessed
and to also
address specific
disabilities.
The subtest can
enhance the
interpretation of
the global IQ
score by adding
important
diagnostic
indicators on the
Cognitive Scale.
This test is
suitable for
individuals with
cognitive delays,
speech or hearing
problems, motor
impairments,
attention deficit
hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD),
those who suffer
efficient test.
The outcome
is based on
cumulative
rather than
consecutive
errors. Each
subtest has its
own rules to
be evaluated.
These
different
evaluations
help identify
strengths and
weaknesses in
the child’s
individual
skills and skill
set.
This test has a
block-and
frame format
that makes it a
very accurate
assessment
for
individuals on
the autism
spectrum.
The blocks
that are used
are
ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART 4
from traumatic
brain injury, as
well as those who
do not speak
English.
This assessment is
used to track
improvements of
children with
ADHD, autism,
and learning
disorders, and
other mental
impairments.
This assessment
aligns with the
Birdwhistell
Theory of
Kinesics. This
theory states that
communication is
systematic.
lightweight
with rounded
corners. They
also use foam
manipulatives
to make sure
that both
parties will
remain safe
during the
assessment.
This
assessment
allows the
examiner to
record
information
about the
examinee’s
attention,
activity
levels, mood,
organizational
skills, anxiety
levels,
sociability,
impulse
control,
energy, and
how they
react to
sensory.
This test is a
ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART 5
great tool that
aids to the
clinical
diagnosis of
disabled
children, but
the examiner
must use
caution when
evaluating
and
interpreting
the results.
This is
because this
test requires
more research
to be done.
Bender Visual-
Motor Gestalt
Test-2nd Edition
(BVMGT-II)
Author:
Lauretta Bender
Age/Grade
Levels: Ages 3
and older
Administration
Time: 5-10
The Bender
Visual–Motor
Gestalt Test–2nd
Edition
(BVMGT-II)
updates this
classic assessment
and continues its
tradition as a brief
test of visual–
motor integration
that may offer
explanatory
information about
The test
consists of
nine index
cards
picturing
different
geometric
designs. The
cards are
presented
individually,
and
examinees are
asked to copy
Pierangelo, R. A., & Giuliani, G. A. (2022). Assessment in Special
Education (6th ed.). Pearson Education (US).
https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/books/9780137545537
Wikipedia Contributors. (2019, July 16).IBender-Gestalt Test. Wikipedia;
Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bender-
Gestalt_Test
Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test. (n.d.). Psychology Wiki.
ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART 6
minutes – 14
stimulus cards, 5
minutes – visual
and motor tests
Subtests: There
are no subtests.
The patient is
asked to remake
Gestalt images
on stimulus
cards.
an individual’s
development and
psychological
functioning.
This test is one of
the most widely
used
psychological test.
This test is used
by mental health
practitioners to
evaluate visual-
motor
functioning,
developmental
disorders, and
neurological
impairments in
children ages 3
and older.
This assessment
aligns with
Vygotsky’s social
development
theory that states
that a child’s
cognitive
development can
be guided and
mediated through
their social
interactions.
the design
before the
next card is
shown. Test
results are
scored based
on the
accuracy and
organization
of the
reproduction
that the
examinee
draws.
This test has
been used as a
screening
device for
brain damage.
https://psychology.fandom.com/wiki/Bender_Visual_Motor_Gestalt_
Test
Gowrie NSW. (2022).ILev Vygotsky’s Theory of Child Development.
Www.gowriensw.com.au. https://www.gowriensw.com.au/thought-
leadership/vygotsky-theory#:~:text=Vygotsky
ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART 7
Wechsler
Individual
Achievement
Test-4th Edition
(WIAT-4)
Author: David
Wechsler
Age/Grade
Levels:
Ages Pre-k-12+
Administration
Time: Time can
vary by grade
level and the
number of
subtests that are
administered.
Subtests: The
WIAT-4 consists
of 20 subtests
that are as
follows:
Phonemic
Proficiency,
Listening
Comprehension,
Word Reading,
Alphabet
Writing Fluency,
The Wechsler
Individual
Achievement
Test–4th Edition
(WIAT-4) is a
comprehensive
academic
achievement test
that measures
listening,
speaking, reading,
writing, and
mathematics
skills.
This test is used
by psychologist to
assess academic
achievement and
measure how an
individual is
doing in certain
areas.
This assessment
can be
administered via
telepractice if
available, but it is
recommended that
the test be
conducted in-
person.
The subtest
standard
scores are
based on the
average
number of
words that is
read correctly
per minute of
the two
passages.
The WIAT-4
Composite,
and subtest
scores range
from the
extremely
high at 130 or
above, 120-
129 is
considered
very high,
110-119 is
high average,
average being
90-109, 80-89
is low
average, 70-
79 is very
low, and 40-
69 is
considered
extremely
Pierangelo, R. A., & Giuliani, G. A. (2022). Assessment in Special
Education (6th ed.). Pearson Education (US).
https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/books/9780137545537
Dombrowski, S. C., & Casey, C. (2022). Test Review: Wechsler Individual
Achievement Test, Fourth Edition (WIAT-4).IJournal of
Psychoeducational Assessment, 073428292211168.
https://doi.org/10.1177/07342829221116808
Western Governors University. (2020, May 30).IThe five educational
learning theories. Wgu.edu. https://www.wgu.edu/blog/five-
educational-learning-theories2005.html
ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART 8
Reading
Comprehension,
Math Problem
Solving,
Sentence
Composition,
Oral Expression,
Oral Reading
Fluency, Essay
Composition,
Pseudoword
Decoding,
Sentence
Writing Fluency,
Numerical
Operations,
Decoding
Fluency,
Spelling, Math
Fluency-
Addition, Math
Fluency-
Subtraction,
Math Fluency-
Multiplication,
Orthographic
Choice.
This assessment
aligns with the
Constructivism
learning theory.
The theory is
based on the idea
that students
create their own
learning based off
their past
experiences.
low.
Brigance
Comprehensive
Inventory of
Basic Skills-
Revised (CIBS-
R)
This is a criterion-
referenced test.
The Brigance
Comprehensive
Inventory of Basic
Skills–Revised
This test is
scored by
multiplying
the total
correct
answers for
Pierangelo, R. A., & Giuliani, G. A. (2022). Assessment in Special
Education (6th ed.). Pearson Education (US).
https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/books/9780137545537
ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART 9
Author: Albert
Brigance
Age/Grade
Levels: Grades
Pre-K -9
Administration
Time: Specific
time limits are
listed on many
tests; others are
untimed
Subtests: There
are 4 subtest
areas that
include 154
pencil-and-
paper or oral-
response tests.
The subtests
include
Readiness,
Reading,
Language Arts,
and
Mathematics.
(CIBS-R) is
designed to be
administered in
classroom
settings, by
teachers.
This test is mainly
conducted by
teachers who are
administering the
tests to their own
students.
CIBS-R produces
a complete range
of data on
students’ skill
levels as exhibited
under real-life,
everyday
conditions.
This assessment is
designed to meet
state and federal
requirements for
the identification
of exceptional
students for
placement in
special education
services.
This test provides
information for
assessing
the section by
a specific
value per
question.
Each section
has questions
that are
weighed
differently
based on the
skill level
required and
the age of the
examinee.
Glascoe, F. P. (1999). The Brigance Diagnostic Comprehensive Inventory of
Basic Skills-Revised (Cibs-R).IDiagnostique,I24(1-4), 41–51.
https://doi.org/10.1177/153450849902401-405
Western Governors University. (2020, May 30).IThe five educational
learning theories. Wgu.edu. https://www.wgu.edu/blog/five-
educational-learning-theories2005.html
ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART 10
students’ skills
from kindergarten
through middle
school.
This assessment
aligns with the
Connectivism
Learning Theory.
This theory is one
of the newest
educational
theories. Its focus
on the idea that
people learn and
grow based on the
connections they
make.
Auditory
Perception Test
for the Hearing
Impaired
(APT/HI)
Authors: Susan
G. Allen and
Thomas S.
Serwatka
Age/Grade
Levels: Ages 5
and up
The Auditory
Perception Test
for the Hearing
Impaired
(APT/HI) is
designed to
evaluate the
building-block
methods used to
interpret speech.
It allows specific
analysis of the
individual’s
ability to decipher
phonemes in
The examiner
uses a limited
set of words
within the test
and
recommended
trial sets. This
will help the
examiner
determine if a
student
understands
the linguistic
material.
Pierangelo, R. A., & Giuliani, G. A. (2022). Assessment in Special
Education (6th ed.). Pearson Education (US).
https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/books/9780137545537
Rogers, Brian,I'Perceptual theories—direct, indirect, and
computational',IPerception: A Very Short Introduction, Very Short
IntroductionsI(Oxford,I2017;Ionline edn,IOxford Academic, 26
Oct.2017),Ihttps://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198791003.003.000
ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART 11
Administration
Time: 30
minutes
Subtest
Information:
The test has no
subtest.
seclusion and in
the context of
words and
sentences. It
consists of a
manual, plates,
and record forms.
The perception
theories consider
three different
conceptions and
what it may mean
to perceive. The
three conceptions
are direct,
indirect, and
computational.
This assessment
aligns with
Gestalt’s Theory
of Perception.
This theory
focuses on how
people perceive
objects, shapes,
and forms as
whole rather in
pieces.
2,Iaccessed 7 Apr. 2024.
Lumen. (n.d.).IGestalt Principles of Perception | Introduction to Psychology.
Courses.lumenlearning.com.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/waymaker-psychology/chapter/ge
stalt-principles-of-perception/
Attention Deficit
Disorders
Evaluation
Scale-5th Edition
The Attention
Deficit Disorder
Evaluation Scale–
Fifth Edition
The School
Version
includes 60
items that can
Pierangelo, R. A., & Giuliani, G. A. (2022). Assessment in Special
Education (6th ed.). Pearson Education (US).
ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART 12
(ADDES-5)
Author: Stephen
B. McCarney,
Ed.D.
Age/Grade
Levels: Age 5-17
Administration
Time: The
School Version
can be
completed in 15
minutes. The
Home Version
can be
completed in 12
minutes.
Subtests: The
subtest scale are
based on the
current
characteristics of
ADHD.
(ADDES-5)
permits educators,
school and private
psychologists,
pediatricians, and
other medical
personnel to
assess Attention-
Deficit/Hyperacti
vity Disorder in
children and
youth. This comes
from input
provided by
primary observers
of the student’s
behavior.
There are several
theories that align
with ADHD
symptoms. One is
the inhibition
model (Barkley,
1997) This theory
suggests that core
deficit in
individuals with
ADHD is poor
behavioral
inhibition.
be easily
observed and
documented
by education
al personnel.
The Home
Version can
be completed
by a parent or
guardian and
includes 46
items that
represent
behavior in
and around
the home
atmosphere.
The ADDES-
5 uses
frequency-
referenced
quantifiers.
Each item is
rated on a 6-
point scale. 0
is considered
not
developmenta
lly
appropriate
for age and 5
is one to
https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/books/9780137545537
Alhossein, A., Abaoud, A. A., Becker, D., Aldabas, R., Bakhiet, S. F., Al
Jaffal, M., Alsufyani, M., Abdu Elrahim, N. M., & Alzrayer, N.
(2022). Psychometric Properties of ADHD Rating Scale—5 for
Children and Adolescents in Sudan—School Version.IFrontiers in
Psychology,I13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.883578
Barkley RA. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive
functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychol Bull.
1997 Jan;121(1):65-94. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.121.1.65. PMID:
9000892.
ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART 13
several times
a day.
Goodenough-
Harris Drawing
Test (GHDT)
Authors:
Florence L.
Goodenough and
Dale B. Harris
Age/Grade
Levels: Ages 3-
15 but the
preferred age is
3-10.
Administration
Time: 15-20
minutes.
Subtests: The
GHDT is made
up of two scales:
The Man and
Woman.
Goodenough-
Harris Drawing
Test’s (GHDT)
purpose is to
assess mental
maturity
nonverbally.
The test is a
nonverbal
measure of
ability.
This test is the
first cognitive
measurement tool
that was
developed based
on drawing.
Practitioners can
detect children
who are at risk of
having an
emotional
disturbance by
comparing the
scores obtained on
their figure
drawings with the
scores from a
The test asks
the child to
complete
three
individual
drawings on
separate
pieces of
paper. The
children are
asked to draw
a man, a
woman, and
themselves.
After this
there are no
further
instructions
give to the
child and the
child is free to
draw
whatever he
or she likes.
The
performance
may be scored
by a short
Pierangelo, R. A., & Giuliani, G. A. (2022). Assessment in Special
Education (6th ed.). Pearson Education (US).
https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/books/9780137545537
Broughton, J. M. (1981). Piaget’s Structural Developmental Psychology: IV.
Knowledge without a Self and without History.IHuman
Development,I24(5), 320–346. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26764190
ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART 14
normative sample.
It is recommended
that
administrators
have experience
in test theory and
have previously
administered
induvial or group
assessments.
The test is a
formal system of
administering and
scoring human
figure drawings to
examine children
for intellectual
development as
well as having
any emotional
problems.
This assessment
aligns with
Piaget’s theory
(1956, 1971).
Piaget proposed 4
major stages of
cognitive
development.
They were called
sensorimotor
method with
Quality Score
Cards or by a
detailed
method. Each
drawing may
be scored by
up to 73
characteristics
.
To evaluate
this the test
administrator
uses the
Draw-a-
person: QSS
(quantitative
scoring
system). This
system
analyzes 14
different
aspects of the
drawings for
certain
criteria.
Goodenough’
s original
scale had 46
scoring items
for each
drawing with
5 bonus items
ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART 15
intelligence,
preoperational
thinking, concrete
operational
thinking, and
formal operational
thinking.
on each.
Harris’s scale
had 73 items
for the male
figure and 71
for the female
figure. A
separate
standard
scoring is
recorded for
each and a
total for all
three is given.
The scores are
highly
reliable.
Draw-A-Person:
Screening
Procedure for
Emotional
Disturbance
(DAP: SPED)
Authors: Jack A.
Naglieri,
Timothy J.
McNeish, and
Achilles N.
Bardos (1991)
Administration
The purpose of
the Draw-A-
Person: Screening
Procedure for
Emotional
Disturbance
(DAP: SPED) is
to identify
emotional or
behavioral
disorders. The test
contains a formal
system of
processing and
grading human
Eight
dimensions of
each drawing
are scored. A
separate
template for
each age
group is
provided. The
second type
of criteria is
that each
drawing is
rated
according to
Pierangelo, R. A., & Giuliani, G. A. (2022). Assessment in Special
Education (6th ed.). Pearson Education (US).
https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/books/9780137545537
Naglieri, J. A., & Pfeiffer, S. I. (1992). Performance of disruptive behavior
disordered and normal samples on the Draw A Person: Screening
Procedure for Emotional Disturbance.IPsychological Assessment,
4(2), 156–159.Ihttps://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.4.2.156
ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART 16
Time: 15
minutes
Age/Grade
Levels: Ages 6-
17
Subtests: There
are no subtests.
figure drawings to
screen children
for emotional
problems.
Practitioners can
identify children
who are at risk of
having an
emotional
disturbance by
comparing the
scores obtained on
their figure
drawings with the
scores from the
normative sample.
This assessment
aligns with the
James-Lange
Theory of
Emotion. This
theory suggests
that physical
changes in the
body happen first
and that leads to
an emotion being
experienced.
47 specific
items. The
cutoff scores
are divided
into three
categories:
additional
assessment is
not indicated;
additional
assessment is
indicated; and
additional
assessment is
strongly
indicated.
Cherry, K. (2022, October 20).IThe James-Lange Theory of Emotion.
Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-james-
lange-theory-of-emotion-2795305
Adaptive
Behavior
Assessment
The Adaptive
Behavior
Assessment
The ratings
that are given
for each skill
Pierangelo, R. A., & Giuliani, G. A. (2022). Assessment in Special
Education (6th ed.). Pearson Education (US).
ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART 17
System-3rd
Edition (ABAS-
3)
Authors: Patti L.
Harrison and
Thomas
Oakland
Age/Grade
Levels: Birth-89
years
Administration
Time: 15-20
Minutes
Subtests: The
test has items
that focus on
practical and
everyday
activities that
are needed to
function
independently.
System–3rd
Edition (ABAS-3)
includes five
rating forms, each
for a specific age
range and
respondent. These
forms can be
completed by
parents, family
members,
teachers, daycare
staff, supervisors,
counselors, or
others who are
familiar with the
daily activities of
the individual
being evaluated.
The Adult Form
can function as a
self-rating.
This test help
assess behavior
skills, identify
strengths and
weaknesses, and
help develop
treatment plans.
This assessment
aligns with the
Behaviorism
are converted
into a score
from 1-19. 1
is the lowest
and 19 is the
highest.
Scores that
range from 8-
12 are
considered in
the Average
range.
The ABAS -3
has a point
rating scale
that ranges
from 0=not
able to 3=
always for
responses.
These test
scores can
often be
misleading
because a
child may
perform
different in
front of the
parents than
his or her
teacher. This
would
https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/books/9780137545537
Western Governors University. (2020, May 28).IWhat is the behavioral
learning theory?IWestern Governors University.
https://www.wgu.edu/blog/what-behavioral-learning-
theory2005.html
ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART 18
learning theory.
This theory is
very important
when learning
behavior in your
classroom. This is
key when learning
how to motivate
and help your
students.
account for a
student
scoring high
on one test
and low on
the other.
Kaufman Tests
of Educational
Achievement-3rd
Edition (KTEA-
3)
Authors: Alan S.
Kaufman and
Nadeen L.
Kaufman
Age/Grade
Levels: Ages 4.0-
25
Administration
Time:
Comprehensive
Form: Pre-K-K
=25 minutes
Grades 1-2-50
minutes
Grades 3+=70
The Kaufman
Tests of
Educational
Achievement–3rd
Edition (KTEA-3)
is an individually
administered
series of tests that
gives a compliant
detailed
assessment of the
key academic
skills in reading,
math, written
language, and oral
language. The
KTEA-3
Comprehensive
Form has two
independent,
parallel forms (A
and B), that cover
a wider range of
This
assessment is
administered
via
telepractice.
Test
administrators
are expected
to hold a
bachelor’s
degree or
graduate
degree with
training in
standardized
test.
The KTEA –
3 offers two
scoring
options that
include Q-
interactive,
Pearson’s
Pierangelo, R. A., & Giuliani, G. A. (2022). Assessment in Special
Education (6th ed.). Pearson Education (US).
https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/books/9780137545537
Frame, L. B., Vidrine, S. M., & Hinojosa, R. (2016). Kaufman Test of
Educational Achievement, Third Edition.IJournal of
Psychoeducational Assessment, 34(8), 811–
818.Ihttps://doi.org/10.1177/0734282916632392
Western Governors University. (2020, May 27).IWhat is
constructivism?IWestern Governors University.
https://www.wgu.edu/blog/what-constructivism2005.html
ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART 19
minutes
Brief Form:
Ages 4 1/2 -
Adult=20-30
minutes
Subtests: The
test contains 14
subtests that
make up 5
composite
scores. The
subtests include:
Letter & Word
Recognition,
Reading
Comprehension,
Silent Reading
Fluency,
Reading
Vocabulary,
Phonological
Processing,
Nonsense Word
Decoding, Letter
Naming Facility,
Word
Recognition
Fluency,
Decoding
Fluency,
Associated
Fluency, Object
achievement areas
and gives error
analysis
capabilities.
This test helps to
find strengths and
weaknesses in a
student and help
determine the best
interventions to
follow-up with.
KTEA-3 is the
only achievement
test that offers a
systematic and
norm-referenced
system for error
analysis.
This assessment
aligns with
Constructivism.
This theory states
that people make
their own
knowledge, and
that reality is
determined by
their experiences.
web-based
platform, or
hand scoring.
Hand scoring
forms must be
printed out.
Each standard
score has a
mean of 100
and a standard
deviation of
15.
ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART 20
Naming Facility,
Oral Expression,
Listening
Comprehension,
Writing Fluency,
Spelling,
Written
Expression,
Math Fluency,
Math
Computation,
and Math
Concepts &
Applications.
