Support Groups and Treatment Groups 1
Benchmark Support Groups and Treatment Groups Compare and
Contrast Paper
Esther C. Smith
School of Behavioral Science Liberty University
Support Groups and Treatment Groups 2
Abstract
In recent years, the use of support groups and therapy groups for individuals struggling with
addiction has become more prominent. As a result, there is a growing interest in understanding
the similarities, differences, strengths, and limitations of these types of groups. This paper aims
to compare addiction support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics
Anonymous (NA), and Al-Anon with therapy groups in terms of their history, meeting structures
and functions, and future directions. Literature is used to provide insights into the principles and
approaches of these support groups. The background, organization, and purpose of each support
group will be discussed, highlighting their respective meeting structures and functions.
Comparison and contrast between the two types of groups will be made, looking at their
similarities, differences, strengths, and limitations. A reflection on personal experiences in
participating in online support meetings for these groups will also be provided.
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of different types of support
and therapy groups for addiction treatment. Through a focus on their history, meeting structures
and functions, and comparison and contrast, this paper contributes to a greater understanding of
the unique role and impact of these groups in promoting recovery and long-term sobriety.
Keywords: AA, NA, Al-Non, Support groups, Addiction, therapy groups, sobriety,
Addicts
Support Groups and Treatment Groups 3
Benchmark Support Groups and Treatment Groups Compare and Contrast
Support Groups and Treatment Groups
This paper aims to examine and differentiate between addiction support groups such as
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics Anonymous (NA), and Al-Anon with therapy
(treatment) groups. I had the opportunity to participate in online meetings for each of these
groups during this course and will provide a brief summary of my experience during these
meetings. The Al-Anon meeting focused on supporting concerned others of individuals
struggling with alcohol use disorder, the AA meeting provided insights into the recovery journey
for substance use disorders, and the NA meeting highlighted the power of community in the
recovery process. Through these experiences, I gained valuable insights into the principles and
approaches of these support groups, which I will compare to therapy groups in this paper.
Support groups play a vital role in providing support and treatment to those struggling
with addiction. This paper is organized into several separate sections, starting with a brief history
of each support group and therapy group, and then discussing their respective meeting structures
and functions. The paper will then compare and contrast the two types of groups, looking at their
similarities, differences, strengths, and limitations. Finally, a reflection will be provided on what
has been learned and how these groups can be utilized in future work or practice.
Support Groups
This section will give an overview of the background organization and purpose of three support
groups: Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics Anonymous (NA), and Al-Anon. Each of these
support groups has a backstory. Each of these groups has also played a vital role, in aiding
individuals with addiction. The upcoming sections will also touch on the structure of meetings in
these support groups the responsibilities of leaders within them and how these groups celebrate
Support Groups and Treatment Groups 4
progress and manage challenges. These support groups create an encouraging space, for
individuals and their loved ones to strive for recovery and long-term sobriety.
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
Brief History of Support
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is a support community, for individuals battling alcohol
addiction. It's a volunteer-based group that follows a 12-step plan to assist members in reaching
and maintaining sobriety. Established in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith in Akron, Ohio
(Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc., 2024). AA originated when Bill Wilson, a
recovering alcoholic sought help from Dr. Bob Smith to maintain his sobriety (Alcoholics
Anonymous World Services Inc., 2024). Together they collaborated on creating a program based
on their journeys to support others in achieving sobriety. The publication of "Alcoholics
Anonymous”, in 1939 introduced the 12 steps and principles that guide the organization, forming
the core of AA’s approach (Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc., 2024).
An early and significant milestone in AA’s development occurred with the establishment
of its first group in Cleveland, Ohio in 1939 (Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc., 2024).
This group served as the prototype for the countless groups that would later form worldwide. By
the 1950s AA had expanded to include over 100,000 members across 15 countries (Alcoholics
Anonymous World Services Inc., n.d.). Throughout its history, AA has experienced several
transformations and advancements. In 1953 the organization established the AA General Service
Office to provide support services for AA groups and members (Alcoholics Anonymous World
Services Inc., n.d.). 1955 saw the incorporation of the AA Twelve Traditions into the “Big
Book”, offering principles on unity and purpose within the organization (Alcoholics Anonymous
World Services Inc., n.d.). Additionally, in 1971 AA launched the Grapevine magazine as a
Support Groups and Treatment Groups 5
platform for members to share their stories and insights (Alcoholics Anonymous World Services
Inc., n.d.).
Meeting Structure and Function
AAs program’s effectiveness is often credited to its emphasis, on peer assistance and
individual accountability. Participation in AA meetings is optional and free, without any fees or
payments (Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc., 2024). The group remains unaffiliated
with any religion or political stance promoting members to explore their spirituality in a manner
that resonates with them (Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc., 2024). This inclusive
strategy has played a role in making AA inclusive to individuals, from backgrounds.
AA meetings follow a simple structure that is designed to create a safe and supportive
environment for its members The basic structure of a meeting is based on sharing personal
experiences, strength, and hope. Meetings usually start with reading the AA Preamble, followed
by a moment of silence or a group prayer, like the serenity prayer (Alcoholics Anonymous
World Services Inc., 2024). Next, members take turns to share their experiences and challenges
with alcoholism. The role of the leader in an AA meeting is to ensure the meeting follows the
established structure and to guide discussions if needed (Alcoholics Anonymous World Services
Inc., 2024). Success stories are recognized and celebrated by the group, providing
encouragement and inspiration to members. In cases of relapse, the group offers support and
guidance to help the individual get back on track with insight from one another (Alcoholics
Anonymous World Services Inc., 2024).
The primary goal of AA is to help its members achieve and maintain sobriety. Recognizing
success stories is an essential part of the organization's meetings. Members often celebrate
milestones, such as 30, 60, and 90 days of sobriety, with coins or chips. These tokens represent
Support Groups and Treatment Groups 6
the member's commitment to their recovery and serve as a reminder of their progress. In addition
to in-person meetings, AA also offers virtual meetings, online resources, and a 24/7 helpline for
those seeking support. The organization also has a network of volunteers who provide
sponsorship and mentorship to new members, offering practical advice and emotional support.
However, the organization also has plans to expand its reach and resources to better support its
members. Some of AA's future directions include increasing diversity and inclusivity within the
organization, using technology to reach more individuals seeking recovery, and expanding its
online resources and support services (Salisbury-Afshar & Kauppila, 2021).
Narcotics Anonymous (NA)
Brief History of Support
Narcotics Anonymous (NA) is a support group that operates globally and offers an
encouraging environment, for people on the path to recovery from substance abuse. The main
goal of NA is to assist individuals in attaining and sustaining abstinence from drugs while
enhancing their well-being. Established in 1953 in Los Angeles, California by Jimmy Kinnon
and a group inspired by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) principles the organization was originally
known as Alcoholics Anonymous for Addicts (AAFA). However, its name was changed to
Narcotics Anonymous in 1955 to better address drug addiction. With its roots in Los Angeles
NA swiftly expanded across the United States. Later reaching countries, like Canada, Australia,
and various parts of Europe by 1979.
The founders of NA, Jimmy Kinnon, Dee N., and others played a vital role in the early
development of the support group. In 1958, the Basic Text of Narcotics Anonymous, also known
as the "NA White Book," was published, which outlined the principles, steps, and traditions of
the organization (NA.org, n.d.). In 1976, the first World Service Conference was held in Wichita,
Support Groups and Treatment Groups 7
Kansas, which brought together members from different countries to discuss the growth and
functioning of NA globally (NA.org, n.d.).
Today, NA has over 68,000 weekly meetings in over 139 countries, with an estimated
membership of more than 300,000 individuals (NA.org, n.d.). As NA continues to progress and
adapt its primary focus remains on welcoming members and providing assistance to those on
their recovery journey. NA has also expanded its outreach efforts through online meetings,
mobile apps, and social media platforms. In the future, NA aims to continue its outreach efforts,
improve access to meetings and materials, and expand the support offered to those in recovery
(NA.org, n.d.).
Meeting Structure and Function
The basic structure of an NA meeting typically involves members gathering together to
share their experiences, support each other, and reinforce the principles of the program. The use
of drugs or alcohol is not allowed in meetings, and anonymity is highly valued and maintained
among members. The leader of the meeting, often referred to as the “chairperson,” facilitates the
discussion and ensures that the meeting adheres to the basic principles of NA (NA.org, n.d.).
NA meetings often begin with readings of the Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions, as
well as the "Just for Today" daily meditation (NA.org, n.d.). Members are encouraged to share
their stories, struggles, and successes, and offer support and encouragement to one another.
Success stories are often celebrated and recognized as a source of inspiration for other members.
In the event of a relapse, the group offers support and guidance to the individual, promoting the
idea of progress, not perfection, in recovery.
Al-Anon
Brief History of Support
Support Groups and Treatment Groups 8
Al-Anon is a support network designed for loved ones of those battling alcoholism. Its
goal is to offer an environment where individuals can openly discuss their challenges offer
support and discover strategies to deal with the impact of alcoholism on their lives. According to
Al-Anon (2022), the support group has been providing hope and support to families and friends
of alcoholics for over 70 years. It was founded in 1951 by Lois W. and Anne B. and has since
expanded globally with thousands of groups in over 130 countries. The program is based on the
principles of the Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions of Alcoholics Anonymous (Al-Anon,
2022).
Meeting Structure and Function
The structure of an Al-Anon meeting typically includes opening and closing with a
prayer, reading from the group's literature, sharing by members, and time for reflection and
discussion (Timko et al., 2021). The group also has special meetings for specific topics, such as
grief and loss, coping with holidays, and spirituality (Al-Anon, 2022).
The leader's role in an Al-Anon meeting is not to offer advice or give solutions, but to
facilitate a safe and supportive environment for members to share their experiences and offer
encouragement to one another (Timko et al., 2021). The leader also follows the principles of
anonymity, confidentiality, and non-judgment (Timko et al., 2021). Their goal is to create a
sense of community and unity within the group.
Success stories are recognized by using the program's slogans such as "One day at a
time" and "Let go and let God" (Al-Anon, 2022). Members also share their successes and
milestones, such as breaking free from codependent behaviors and finding inner peace and
happiness (Al-Anon, 2022).
Support Groups and Treatment Groups 9
For relapses, Al-Anon provides support and understanding instead of shaming or blaming
the individual (Cucciare, Han, & Timko, 2022). Members are encouraged to focus on their own
self-care and continue working the program even if their loved one is still struggling with alcohol
addiction (Cucciare et al., 2022).
In terms of future directions or goals, Al-Anon aims to continue providing support and
hope for families of alcoholics by staying true to its principles and traditions (Al-Anon, 2022).
The program also seeks to further reach and help those who may not have access to in-person
meetings by offering online and virtual support options (Al-Anon, 2022).
Addiction Therapy Groups
Brief History of Therapy Group
According to the Association for Specialists in Group Work (2000), the history of
addiction therapy groups dates to the early 20th century, with the formation of self-help groups
like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). These groups were focused on providing support and
guidance for individuals struggling with addiction, following a model based on group therapy
principles (Corey, Corey, & Corey, 2013). This marked the beginning of formalized group
therapy for addiction treatment.
Since then, addiction therapy groups have evolved and expanded to include a variety of
approaches and techniques, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and
mindfulness-based interventions (Marshall, Albery, & Frings, 2018). These groups typically
consist of a small number of individuals, usually 8-10, led by a trained therapist or facilitator.
Members share their experiences, struggles, and progress in a nonjudgmental and supportive
environment (Corey et al., 2013).
Support Groups and Treatment Groups 10
An important milestone in the development of addiction therapy groups is the recognition
and integration of the 12-step model into treatment programs. This model, based on the
principles of AA, has been widely adopted by addiction therapy groups and is considered a
cornerstone of recovery for many individuals (Marshall et al., 2018).
Currently, addiction therapy groups are an integral part of the treatment process for
individuals struggling with substance use disorders. They are often used in both inpatient and
outpatient settings, as well as aftercare programs to support individuals in maintaining their
recovery (Corey et al., 2013). Their present status is largely positive, with research showing that
they can be effective in improving treatment retention and reducing relapse rates (Marshall et al.,
2018). However, there is still room for improvement and continued growth in the field. For
example, incorporating more evidence-based practices and exploring the use of technology in
delivering group therapy (Corey et al., 2013). Moving forward, the goals of addiction therapy
groups include expanding accessibility and diversity, ensuring quality training and supervision
for group therapists, and continuing to develop and incorporate effective therapeutic approaches
(Association for Specialists in Group Work, 2000).
Meeting Structure and Function
According to Marshall, Albery, and Frings (2018), various types of addiction therapy
groups serve different purposes in the treatment process. These include support groups, psycho-
educational groups, therapy groups, and self-help groups. Support groups provide a sense of
community and mutual support, while psycho-educational groups focus on educating members
about addiction and its effects (Corey, Corey, & Corey, 2013).
The group facilitator's role in addiction therapy groups is to create a safe and supportive
environment for members to address their addiction and related issues (Corey et al., 2013). They
Support Groups and Treatment Groups 11
are also responsible for setting clear goals and guidelines for the group and facilitating
productive discussions. Group members have different roles in addiction therapy groups, such as
providing mutual support, sharing experiences and resources, and offering feedback and
suggestions to each other (Association for Specialists in Group Work, 2000). They also play an
important role in supporting and challenging each other as they work towards recovery.
The process of group therapy in addiction treatment typically involves a structured format, with
the facilitator leading discussions and activities to promote self-discovery and change among
members (Association for Specialists in Group Work, 2000). The group process may also
include sharing personal experiences, practicing new coping skills, and processing emotions
related to addiction (Marshall et al., 2018).
Compare and Contrast
According to Corey, Corey, and Corey (2013), both support groups and addiction therapy
groups involve a facilitator who guides the member towards acknowledging problem areas
through self-disclosure and open communication. In addition, both types of groups provide a
supportive and non-judgmental environment for members to share their experiences and receive
feedback (Association for Specialists in Group Work, 2000).
However, there are significant differences between support groups and addiction therapy
groups. Marshall, Albery, and Frings (2018) found that support groups, such as Al-Anon and
Narcotics Anonymous, focus on developing a sense of belonging and solidarity among members.
On the other hand, addiction therapy groups, as described by Gazda, Ginter, and Horne (2001),
emphasize addressing underlying psychological issues related to substance abuse.
One limitation of support groups is that they may not be appropriate for individuals with
severe addiction or co-occurring disorders (Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 2005). On
Support Groups and Treatment Groups 12
the other hand, one strength of addiction therapy groups is their ability to provide in-depth
therapy and individualized treatment plans (Dowd & Rugle, 1999).
Both support groups and addiction therapy groups may address a multi-cultural focus.
According to Timko et al. (2022), Al-Anon has a diverse membership and actively addresses
diversity and inclusivity. In addition, AA World Services (2024) emphasizes the importance of
cultural and spiritual diversity in their Twelve Steps.
Spirituality is also addressed in both support groups and addiction therapy groups. Al-
Anon (2022) incorporates a spiritual aspect into their program through the use of the Serenity
Prayer and promoting spiritual growth. Similarly, in NA, spirituality is viewed as a vital
component of recovery (Information about NA, 2016).
Conclusion
In conclusion, this paper has examined and differentiated between addiction support
groups, such as AA, NA, and Al-Anon, with therapy groups. Through participation in online
meetings for each of these groups, I gained valuable insights into their principles and approaches.
While both types of groups aim to support individuals struggling with addiction, there are
significant differences in their structure, function, and focus.
Support groups, such as AA, NA, and Al-Anon, have a rich history dating back to the
early 1900s. These groups provide a safe and supportive space for individuals to share their
experiences, receive support and guidance from peers, and celebrate progress. Their reliance on
peer assistance and individual accountability has been key to their success in aiding individuals
in their recovery journey. As support groups continue to evolve, their focus on inclusivity,
accessibility, and the use of technology will likely make them even more effective in supporting
individuals struggling with addiction in the future.
Support Groups and Treatment Groups 13
On the other hand, addiction therapy groups, which have their roots in AA, have also
made significant strides in the treatment of substance use disorders. These groups focus on
addressing underlying psychological issues related to substance abuse and incorporating
evidence-based practices has made them a vital part of addiction treatment. As addiction therapy
groups continue to develop and incorporate effective approaches, their goals of diversifying and
expanding accessibility to those in need will likely be achieved.
In future work or practice, I could facilitate the utilization of support groups in the
community by raising awareness about their availability and benefits. As support groups offer an
encouraging space for individuals and their loved ones to strive for recovery and long-term
sobriety, I could refer clients to participate in these groups as a source of peer support and
motivation. Similarly, I could utilize therapy groups in my practice to address underlying
psychological issues related to addiction and work towards creating individualized treatment
plans for my clients. I could also continue to stay updated on the latest developments and
evidence-based practices in these groups to provide the best support and treatment for my clients
struggling with addiction.
Support Groups and Treatment Groups 14
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Support Groups and Treatment Groups 15
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