DSM-5-TR SUMMARIES 2
DSM-5-TR Summaries: Third Assignment
Personality Disorders
Overview
Personality disorders usually start to show during an individual’s adolescence years to
young adulthood. These disorders result in a pattern of behaviors that are unpredictable and
strays away from an individual’s culture (American Psychiatric Association, 2022). Personality
disorders include schizoid personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, paranoid
personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, narcissistic
personality disorder, avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, obsessive-
compulsive personality disorder and unspecified personality disorder.
Disorders
According to the DSM-5 readings all personality disorders are categorized by symptoms
of a pattern of unpredictable or irrational behavior and a pattern of an internalized experience
(American Psychiatric Association, 2022). Symptoms can include difficulty in impulse control,
cognition, interpersonal functioning, and affectivity. Though each personality disorder can have
some different symptoms, these ones are the most common symptoms of personality disorders.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
Paranoid personality disorder risk factors include exposure to social stressors including
socioeconomic inequality, marginalization and even racism. Genetics can play a small role in an
individual being diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder. Some of the behaviors can be
influenced by sociocultural contexts. Paranoid personality disorder is more common in men than
women.
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Somatic Disorders
Overview
Somatic symptom and related disorders include somatic symptom disorders, illness
anxiety disorder, conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder), psychological
factors affecting other medical conditions, factitious disorder, other specified somatic symptom
disorder, as well as unspecified somatic symptom and related disorders (American Psychiatric
Association, 2022). Symptoms can include impairment in certain aspects and major levels of
distress. Usually, individuals diagnosed with these disorders are in medical care settings rather
than in psychiatric or psychotherapy settings (American Psychiatric Association, 2022).
Individuals diagnosed with somatic disorders, or a related disorder can also be diagnosed with
other mental health disorders, these disorders can include depressive and/or anxiety disorders.
Disorders
All of the somatic symptom disorders are characterized by symptoms of impairment in
some areas as well as high levels of distress. To diagnosis symptoms of somatic symptom
disorders the symptoms must last for at least six months. Illness anxiety disorder includes
symptoms of fear or distress of getting a major illness. Conversion disorder (functional
neurological symptom disorder) includes symptoms of sensory or motor function impairment or
distress. Factitious disorder symptoms include deceptive behavior, falsification of illness, and/or
occurrence in single or multiple episodes.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
Illness anxiety disorder can be precipitated by a major life stress or a serious but
ultimately benign threat to the person’s health. History of abuse may also play a role in illness
anxiety disorder. This disorder should be diagnosis with caution in individuals whose ideas about
DSM-5-TR SUMMARIES 4
disease are congruent with widely held cultural beliefs. An illness anxiety disorder can cause
substantial role impairment and decrement to both physical function and health-related quality of
life.
Schizophrenia Spectrum
Overview
Schizophrenia has important symptoms that allow for schizophrenic disorders or
psychotic disorders to be categorized and recognized. These symptoms include delusions,
hallucinations, disorganized speech or thinking, irregular psychomotor behavior, lack or
motivation, and lastly lack of emotional expression. Disorders included in the schizophrenia
spectrum includes schizotypal (personality) disorder, delusional disorder, brief psychotic
disorder, schizophreniform disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, substance/medial-
induced psychotic disorder, psychotic disorder due to another medial condition, catatonia
associated with another mental disorder, catatonia associated with another medical condition,
unspecified catatonia, other specified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder, and
unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder (American Psychiatric
Association, 2022).
Disorders
Schizotypal (personality) disorder has symptoms of delusions, odd behavior, depressive
episodes, as well as manic episodes that last for one month to an entire year. Delusional disorder
symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, and possibly even depressive episodes for at least
one month in duration. Brief psychotic disorder includes symptoms of disorganized thinking,
delusions, as well as hallucinations for at least one day but lasting for up to one month.
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Schizophreniform disorder can last for at least one month to up to six months and includes
symptoms of hallucinations or delusions. Schizophrenia symptoms can include delusions or
disorganized thinking for at least six months. Schizoaffective disorder can include severe
depressive or manic episodes for at least one week but up to two weeks. Substance/medication-
induced psychotic disorder can include symptoms of delusion or hallucinations for at least seven
days. Psychotic disorder due to another medical condition shows symptoms of disturbances from
another mental disorder, delusions, and hallucinations for seven days. Catatonia associated with
another medical disorder or due to another medical condition both include symptoms of
posturing, stupor, waxy flexibility, catalepsy, mutism, negativism, mannerism, and lastly
agitations (American Psychiatric Association, 2022).
Risk and Prognostic Factors
Delusional disorder has large familial relationship. An individual’s cultural and religious
background should be considered when evaluating the possibility of delusional disorder.
Functional impairment is usually more circumscribed than that seen with other psychotic
disorders, in some cases the impairment is more severe than in others.
