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Paper good - Integration of Spirituality and
Counseling
Integration of Spiritualty and Counseling (Liberty University)
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Running head: DEVELOPMENTAL ANALYSIS 1
Developmental Analysis
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Liberty University
Integration of Spirituality and Counseling
HSCO 506
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DEVELOPMENTAL ANALYSIS 2
Personal Introduction to Adulthood
I am a female middle child of three, that grew up in a lower-class suburban
neighborhood to married parents. After high school graduation, I began at a local community
college. I supported myself by working fulltime as a restaurant manager while attending one
class at a time. Even though my classes were paid through an Indian tuition scholarship, I found
that paying for my own expenses proved too much. I began focusing on succeeding at work and
pushed school off for a time. Through a series of God-orchestrated events, I met my future
husband. We were engaged for about a month and were married. We were both foolish in our
spending and our time, that left us drowning in debt and arguments. My parents were still
married but my new husband’s parents were on their second marriage each.
It would take several more years before life would change for us. We dedicated our lives
to the Lord and needed a change. Finding a Bible-teaching church was a challenge, but God
provided. We each knew that we wanted a better life and needed the wisdom to make the
appropriate changes. After two miscarriages, we realized quickly that we needed to get our
finances under control or risk our next baby growing up in a daycare situation. We began a life-
changing program called Crowne Financial and learned to tap into God’s economy. After many
struggles with the decision to tithe, we made a deal with God. If He would get us through, we
would honor Him with our first fruits. Having not grown up in believing homes, neither of us
knew anything about God’s finances. Tithing was one of the scariest steps that we ever took
together. How can giving our money to the church keep the already stretched ends meeting? It
was a question that God was not only going to answer, but He was going to open up the
floodgates of heaven and pour out so much blessing on our family, that there was not enough
room for it (Malachi 3:10). And He did.
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DEVELOPMENTAL ANALYSIS 3
Theoretical Perspectives of Development
Postformal Thought according to Perry
According to William Perry, the move from dualistic thinking to relativism is a 9-step
process. The first step is strict dualism (Broderick, 2015, p. 421). In grade school, my simplistic
life tended to be very black and white, letting authority figures decide right from wrong. As
grade advancement occurs, life seems to coincide with the second step, prelegitimate
multiplicity (Broderick, 2015, p. 421). Life became a confusing set of questions, such as what
will I become? I felt like an adult, but the insecurities quickly set in as to what was I going to do
with my life.
On its heels, is the third step, early multiplicity (Broderick, 2015, p. 421). During this time of
demi-adulthood, friends were having abortions while rationalizing the correctness of ending a
life because of the inconvenience of it. Others were contemplating marriage and still others
were graduating from college only to work at the movie theaters. It was becoming apparent that
my decisions now would affect the rest of my life. Quickly moving into the 4th stage, late
multiplicity, it became apparent that the world thought abortion was an acceptable practice
(Broderick, 2015, p. 421). I drove a roommate to a clinic as she tried to convince me that if the
world said that it was acceptable, it was. I did not agree, but I felt that her life was going to be
different from this day onward. The fifth step is contextual relativism, this is where God showed
up in my life (Broderick, 2015, p. 421). Quickly moving onto step 6, commitment foreseen, I
decided to follow the Lord. I read the Bible, I prayed, and I asked for forgiveness. Shortly
thereafter, I married my husband, God blessed in many ways, this is stage 7 through 9, initial
commitment, multiple commitments and resolve (Broderick, 2015, p. 421). This is where my
husband and I made our faith commitments and God began blessing us with financial wisdom
and freedom. He also gave us 3 wonderful children, who follow the Lord and have the boldness
to pray in public.
Adult Attachment and Relationships
According to the three attachment prototypes in peer/romantic tradition, I would have
initially fit into the anxious-ambivalent type (Broderick, 2015, p. 446). During high school and
after, I was engaged in a relationship that was wrought with disappointments. Being involved in
a sinful relationship seemed fulfilling at the time, it quickly became an atmosphere of hatred and
mistrust. Personal insecurity became a way of life, always questioning if I was enough, and as it
turned out, I was not. Looking back, I believe that this miserably failed relationship had less to
do with an attachment prototype and more to do with God’s refusal to bless where He was not
honored. After finally removing myself completely, I was able to give my life to the Lord and
wait for the husband that He had predetermined I would be with today. My strength became
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DEVELOPMENTAL ANALYSIS 4
believing that God had a better relationship waiting for me. After celebrating 26 years of
marriage, I would now classify myself as secure, both in my faith and in my marriage.
A recent study states that effective constructive conflict is the necessary component in creating a
lifelong relationship between a parent and a child (La Valley, Guerrero, 2012, p. 1). While this
study may be accurate, it was definitely the norm growing up with an alcoholic parent. There
seemed to be a constant barrage of verbal attacks by all family members, resulting in hurt
feelings. My marriage began in a similar state of conflict, neither of us knowing how to argue
constructively. According to the research on dyadic relationships, I would have been the
insecure partner who chose a secure partner to marry (Broderick, 2015, p. 449). Physical
intimacy was supreme as we enjoyed each-other’s company. Once married, though young, our
relationship added a stability that was not present before. This was important, because we both
worked full- time opposite shifts, rarely spending a lot of time together. The arguing began and
seemed to never end, it was always the same discussion. The issue seemed to stem from unwise
financial choices, both of us guilty. Communication, at times, became handwritten notes passes
back and forth between shift changes. After finally having enough conflict, we decided to seek
out a Christian counselor for advice. It would appear that we both had some past things to deal
with, but now that we were married, God would bless where He was honored. After, committing
ourselves to the Lord, asking forgiveness, the conflicts began to lessen. We had a new respect
for each other’s feelings. It took counseling to teach us how to communicate effectively, in love.
It also took a commitment by both us to never let divorce be an option. Though the text states
that insecure attachments breed insecure attachments and change is not normally experienced
(Broderick, 2015, p. 449). Over several years, I moved from an insecure attachment to secure.
Ironically, there was healing in our relationships with our parents, where the secure attachment
should have been at the beginning. Through the grace of the Lord our relationships with our
parents has blossomed over the years into secure attachments as has our marriage.
Career Development Process: Super’s Approach
A recent study regarding job satisfaction states that for a job to be satisfying for men or women,
it must meet or exceed preconceived notions of expectation, regardless of pay (Bender,
Donohue, Heywood, 2005, p. 1). According to the Super’s Developmental Approach, job
satisfaction is achieved when the demands match individual’s characteristics (Broderick, 2015,
p. 454). In Super’s growth stage, I wanted to work in a clothing store, which appealed to my
creative interests (Broderick, 2015, p. 455). In the exploratory stage, my career choices were
made based solely on hourly rate, thus giving an unsatisfying job choice (Broderick, 2015, p.
455). I am currently in the establishment stage, however, the need for full-time employment is
based solely on providing insurance for the whole family (Broderick, 2015, p. 421). My husband
owns a small construction company and I manage the rental units that we own. I work full time
for the county, which provides insurance and excessive amounts of time for continuing my
education or doing my personal paperwork. I am extremely satisfied with my job at this stage,
though my job can be boring at times, it is a blessing for this stage of life.
Identity Development
According to Erikson’s theory of generativity, I am currently in the stage of life where
I want to give to the next generation (Broderick, 2015, p. 469). I would agree with the findings
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DEVELOPMENTAL ANALYSIS 5
that middle age seems to be where care for others outweighs any monetary amount that I make
financially. The need to give to others, I believe, comes from a life given to the Lord. I do not
believe that I was put here to just make money for my own comforts. By curtailing our expenses,
our family has purchased water-holding tanks for impoverished communities in Nicaragua. It
took meeting these sweet people for me to realize that there was a need that our family could
easily fill. We have purchased 12 tanks so far and plan to continue once the social unrest in
Nicaragua has ended. In this way, long after I am gone, several families will continue to have
the ability to store clean water during the rainy season to prepare for the yearly drought.
Personality and Temperament
According to The Big 5 Personality Traits, I would qualify myself as an extraversion type
(Broderick, 2015, p. 484). I do agree with Broderick’s suggestion that traits can change through
the years, as I grew up displaying a more neuroticism type of personality (Broderick, 2015, p.
484). I was anxious, self-conscious about my weight and my failing grades throughout school.
Interestingly, a recent study regarding finances and the personality traits has shown that
extraversion individuals have shown an increase in unsecured debt, like credit cards (Brown,
Taylor, 2014, p. 1). That is opposite of my spending habits, as I desire financial freedom. Also, in
this study are those who are highly conscientious have better financial control and less debt
(Brown, Taylor, 2014, p. 1). It would appear that personality traits have a big impact on the
spending and saving habits of individuals. It also begs the question that if a person changes their
spending habits, would that adjust their personality trait category?
Family Life Cycle
According to the Family Life Cycle, I am currently in the families with adolescents stage
though moving to the launching children and moving on stage (Broderick, 2015, p. 502). This
by far has been the most satisfying and most stressful stage in my adult life. Having, two adult
children, 19 and 20-year olds living in our home, is a test of character for all of us. As the adult
children attend college and pursue their own interests, there is a pulling and pushing of authority
and autonomy. I am no longer a mother who manages every aspect of their lives. They each are
learning to self-manage their time, finances, and spiritual life. My husband and l often leave our
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DEVELOPMENTAL ANALYSIS 6
13-year-old, with his older siblings for extended periods of time. We are preparing for our adult
children to one day marry and have children of their own. Our relationship with our adult
children, though they live in our home, has evolved to a friendship of respect for each-other’s
individual decisions. I get excited when I hear stories of how respectful my children behave
around adults. I also enjoy hearing that my children feel secure enough to pray with people in
their work environments.
Culture, Religion and Well Being
Baumeister theorizes the importance of 4 main reasons for seeking purpose and well-
being in our lives (Broderick, 2015, p. 533). I would agree with his assessment of needing to
have a purpose in life. Though I believe that through the years, my purpose has changed from a
stay-at-home-mother to a well of emotional support for my family. The second reason for
seeking purpose is to define a sense of meaning (Broderick, 2015, p. 533). While having control
over my future is an illusion, I do feel that I have a much-needed position in this family that only
I can fulfill. The third reason is to legitimize my actions (Broderick, 2015, p. 533). This is true
as focusing on financial freedom in our businesses teaches our children the value of paying cash
for our houses. These financial lessons that our children see us play out gives them the wisdom
to each pay cash for their vehicles, a practice that took me years to figure out. The fourth reason
that gives meaning to people is finding self-worth through social relationships (Broderick, 2015,
p. 533). I have found great value in my mentor relationship with an elder and dear friend, as well
as life groups through the church. Having a secure position in a life group gives stability and
value to me and my husband as we grow older. I believe this is why the Bible has many verses
about remaining in fellowship and prayer with other believers such as Acts 2:42. I also believe
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DEVELOPMENTAL ANALYSIS 7
that I can find value and encouragement in life groups and other close church relationships as
suggested by Hebrews 10:24-25.
Culture in the United States would suggest that happiness is related to the amount of
money in one’s bank account or the number of new cars parked in the driveway (Broderick,
2015, p. 534) However, as I age, I find true happiness is found in relationships and in generosity.
It has taken many years to get to the point where I could get over my own selfish needs and
wants and focus on others. Modern culture would suggest that happiness is found in more stuff,
but I found that while I love a new pair of matching shoes and handbag, the joy received is
extremely temporary. Lasting joy comes from purchasing a basket of food for an elderly person
or buying eggs from a neighbor who is supplementing their income.
Ending Well
I, like 81-year-old Helen, plan to continue to be productive, well into my later years
(Broderick, 2015, p. 556). My parents are well into 70s and still have a daily work-out routine.
Our family has learned the value of movement throughout the older years. My father believes
that if he stops moving, his body will stop moving. Many retired folks find an arm chair and a
remote control to keep warm in their later years. Those same individuals, that I know, also have
one ailment after another, requiring pill after pill. Studies have shown time and again that the
key to aging well is nutrition and physical activity (Morley, 2017, p. 1). Recent studies also
show that a daily diet of raw fruits, clean dairy products, and fresh vegetables with only
moderate movement will stave off disability and disease in the older years (Morely, 2017, p. 1).
Aging well is to an option for anyone who wishes to maintain their quality of life into
their mature years. I have a habit of eating raw vegetables for lunch. Because I sit in an office all
day, I try to make a habit of walking throughout the day, even if it is just around the office.
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DEVELOPMENTAL ANALYSIS 8
Movement is life to the aging body, and oxygen intake is cleansing to the brain and blood. Clean
water keeps the body flushed of toxins at any age. It is never too late to start the aging-well
process. The aging immune system becomes less effective as do the organs. The key to aging
well is being intentional about caring for our bodies before they begin to break down (Broderick,
2015, p. 557).
Samantha Mackety-Zundel was born is a small town in Michigan. She was the middle
child to a married couple who dated at 13, married at 18, and decided to stay married to this day.
This proved that staying married was possible through thick and thin. She moved to Detroit to
begin an adventure after high school. She met and married her boss, Ron, after a month-long
engagement, an impossible feat, but for the Lord. The happy couple moved around the northern
states until finally settling in Holland, Michigan. The Lord blessed with the birth of two children.
Always ready for the next adventure, the third child arrived while living in Florida. Shortly after,
a year-long work trip in the Virgin Islands would forever change their lives. A love for the ocean
became the focal point of all vacations and long weekends from that point forward. Samantha
would often say that the beach is where God often showed up and every tear ever shed kept the
oceans full.
After 21 years of attending college, she graduated in 2018 with her Bachelors in Business
Management from Huntingdon University and began her Masters in Social Work the next week.
She was head strong and a generous giver. She had a heart for the poor and supported any good
cause that came her way. She will forever be known for her love for the Lord, her husband, her
children and her generosity to the poor. She will be greatly missed by friends and loved ones.
Her favorite bible verse is “But you are a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, God’s
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DEVELOPMENTAL ANALYSIS 9
special possession, that you may declare the praises of him who called you out of darkness into
his wonderful light.” 1 Peter 2:9 (NIV).
In conclusion, while the theories are helpful for the masses regarding stages of
attachments and moving through life. They seem to lack when God is involved, because lives
change. Though there have been set backs through the years, I know that we have two babies in
heaven waiting to meet us and their siblings. I also know that there is healing and redemption by
the blood of Jesus. I plan aging gracefully by daily walks in the sunshine, drinking clean water,
and refraining from any medications for as long as I can. Lastly, I would like to leave a legacy of
generosity for the next generation. Happiness is not found in stuff but in investing in things that
have eternal value.
References
Bender, K. A., Donohue, S. M., & Heywood, J. S. (2005). Job satisfaction and gender
segregation. Oxford Economic Papers, 57(3), 479-496. doi:10.1093/oep/gpi015
Broderick, P. C. (2015). The Life Span, 4th Edition. [MBS Direct]. Retrieved
from https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780133549300/
Brown, S., & Taylor, K. (2014). Household finances and the ‘Big five’ personality traits. Journal
of Economic Psychology, 45, 197-212. doi:10.1016/j.joep.2014.10.006
La Valley, A. G., & Guerrero, L. K. (2012). Perceptions of conflict behavior and relational
satisfaction in adult Parent–Child relationships: A dyadic analysis from an
attachment perspective. Communication Research, 39(1), 48-
78. doi:10.1177/0093650210391655
Morley, John E., MB, BCh. (2016;2017;). Nutrition and aging well. Journal of the American
Medical Directors Association, 18(2), 91-94.
doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2016.11.014.
doi:10.1177/0093650210391655
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