CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
A. CRIMINAL PROFILING
1. Definition of Criminal Profiling
Criminal profiling is a process or method that aims to infer details of the physical,
demographic, and behavioral characteristics of possible criminals based on their actions
in crime scenes (O'Toole, 1999; Snook et al., 2008). Crime scenes can include potential
places as far as evidence of a crime is found, crime scenes are divided into primary and
secondary (Horswell, 2004). The primary crime scene is the area, place, or thing where
the incident occurred or where a large or high concentration of evidence of the crime was
found. While secondary crime scenes are places or objects related to the crime found.
Overall, there are four types of data sources in the criminal profiling process,
namely subjects, informants, written documents, and unwritten documents (Koentjoro,
2008). Criminal profiling is differentiated into inductive and deductive (Turvey, 2008).
Inductive profiling includes generalizations based on a small number of individuals or
events and/or statistical reasoning. The downside is that when generalizing, no two cases
are exactly the same because criminals think differently than most people and their
behavior has different meanings across cultures and regions. In deductive profiling,
profiling will be based on forensic examination as well as careful behavioral
reconstruction of crime scenes. In the deductive method, the emphasis of profiling is on
the profiler's self-knowledge and critical thinking skills.
2. Approaches in Criminal Profiling
Fulero & Wrightsman (in Kaloeti, Indrawati, & Alfaruqy, 2019) distinguish three
approaches in criminal profiling, each of which has a different procedure, but with the
same general purpose. Here is an explanation of the three approaches:
a) Distinguishing evil people
The focus in this approach is on a person's personality and motives in
