PLEASE RESPOND TO EACH DISCUSSION QUESTION WITH 250
WORDS AS WELL AS A REFERNCE: RESPOND AS IF HAVING A
CONVERSATION WITH THE WRITER OF THE POST!!!!
1)The crime of human trafficking can happen anywhere. Therefore, officers
must be aware of the signs and evidence that indicate that trafficking may be
occurring in their communities.
Human trafficking, at its most basic level, is defined by the Trafficking Victims
Protection Act of 2000 as (a) the recruitment, harboring, transporting,
supplying, or obtaining a person for labor or services through the use of force,
fraud, or coercion for the purpose of involuntary servitude or slavery; or (b)
sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or
coercion, or in which the person induced to perform sex acts are under 18
years of age (Logan, Walker, & Hunt, 2009) Although most news accounts of
human trafficking focus on the sex trade, the violence endured by the victims
of human servitude, the powerful effects of psychological coercion play a key
role in entrapment and continued enslavement (Mcdonald, 2014).
In comparison to prostitution, human trafficking involves the use of force,
fraud, or coercion for the purpose of involuntary servitude or sex trafficking.
Trafficking, though variously defined, covers coercion, forced labor, and
slavery. Prostitution describes the sale of sex, by no means necessarily
without consent or with coercion (Butcher, 2003). One of the barriers to
identifying victims of trafficking is the societal view of prostitution, and the view
that prostitution is an occupation, and a choice, making it a victimless crime
with no visible harm to any one person (Linebach, & Kovacsiss, 2016).
Trafficking laws are among the most difficult laws to enforce. The difficulties
vary by type of crime. For sexual exploitation, the victims are often viewed by
police, prosecutors, judges, and juries not as legitimate victims but rather as
criminals engaged in prostitution and of being illegally in the country.
Prosecutors dread these cases because proof depends upon the testimony of
a credible, convincing victim/witness, brave enough to testify and patient
enough to wait months for a trial. But, sex trafficking victims/witnesses are
rarely of that kind and often disappear and abandon the case. Prosecutors
blame the failure of the public to report cases and the fact that the police had
not identified any cases with clear evidence that victims had in fact been
coerced, defrauded, or forced to do labor (Mcdonald, 2014). Mcdonald
continues relating local police typically leave labor cases to the federal
government because the cases tended to involve unauthorized migrants
(2014).
In May 2014, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s Blue Campaign,
the department’s unified effort to combat human trafficking, released a new
web-based training course for law enforcement that concentrates on signs
and indicators of both labor trafficking and sex trafficking (Mcdonald, 2014) .
The training focuses on how to detect human trafficking, how to begin an
investigation and the unique dynamics of interviewing trafficking victims
(Mcdonald, 2014).
This distinction between human trafficking and prostitution is critical for the
general public, law enforcement, and adjudicators to realize. Communities in
general accept prostitution as just another criminal activity plaguing their
streets. If communities were aware that labor trafficking was prolific in the
United States, and that it involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the
purpose of involuntary, modern-day slavery, there may be a larger focus to
report, investigate, and prosecute cases of forced labor. We see on a regular
basis, campaigns to reduce drug abuse and gun violence. Rarely are public
service announcements directed at human trafficking and the 600,000 to
800,000 individuals trafficked internationally every year (Linebach, &
Kovacsiss, 2016).
Butcher, K. (2003). Confusion between prostitution and sex trafficking. The
Lancet, 361(9373), 1983-1983.
Linebach, J. & Kovacsiss, L. (2016). Psychology in the justice system. Scotts
Valley, CA: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
Logan, T. K., Walker, R., & Hunt, G. (2009). Understanding Human Trafficking
in the United States. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 10(1), 3–30.
Mcdonald, W. F. (2014). Explaining the under-performance of the anti-human-
trafficking campaign: Experience from the united states and europe. Crime,
Law and Social Change, 61(2), 125-138.
2)Understanding and differentiating between members complicit with human
trafficking and those forced into it for sex labor trade is extremely difficult.
Many times, individuals being smuggled cooperate completely with smugglers
in order to achieve entry into another country illegally (Linebach & Kovacsiss,
2016). It is not uncommon for those who are caught to claim they are taken
against their will in an effort to have a suitable defense to protect themselves
from being prosecuted. This becomes even more of a problem for local law
enforcement, because they need to be able to effectively perform their jobs in
the manner which best fits the situation. Another issue local enforcement
faces with battling prostitution stems from the issue that the people driving the
industry are out of reach of the local municipalities making it impossible for
them to combat it effectively on their own. It requires a great deal of
coordination with other agencies to stop the problem at it’s root. Otherwise
local law enforcement agencies will just arrest the lower level prostitutes.
There should definitely be a difference between prostitution and human
trafficking. Anytime crimes are grouped together it can lead to convoluted
outcomes which may benefit the true predators in these cases. Additionally, it
is important to distinguish between those forced into prostitution/sex trafficking
and those who are willing participants in human trafficking. I believe the
general public would like to think they care about what is going on, but they
probably do not see it clearly on a day-to-day basis. Most people care to the
extent that they think it is bad, but they are not directly exposed to the reality
of it and may not know the signs to report any suspicious activity to the proper
authorities. I believe informing the public on the signs of human/sex trafficking
and the types of occupations commonly associated with these illegal activities
are the best ways to inform the public.
The justice system can do a better job of communicating/coordinating with
lower levels of government in an effort to identify and expose the networks in
place which power the sex trafficking machine. These organizations are quite
vast and stretch across the continents in an impressive manner. Making the
connections and links will ultimately help reduce the number of overall victims
of the trade. As for the current and future victims, ensuring mandated
treatment and help for the victims during and after the legal process should be
provided for the victims. Linebach and Kovacsiss state, “researchers have
begun to investigate the adverse psychological effects of prostitution, as more
and more evidence surfaces that prostitutes are presenting symptoms of
severe psychological disorders, including PTSD and dissociative disorders”
(p. 29). These are concerning leaving it vital to provide the help needed to
those suffering as a result of the trade.
Reference
Linebach, J., & Kovacsiss, L. (2016). Psychology in the Justice System.
Rome, GA: Floyd County Superior Court.
Running head: DISCUSSION REPLIES 1
Discussion Replies
By
[Name of Student]
August 10, 2020
DISCUSSION REPLIES 2
Discussion Reply 1:
I enjoyed reading the substantive discussion post that provides an in-depth understanding
of human trafficking. I agree with your provided definition of human trafficking that shows you
are well aware of the phenomena and sharing an informative answer to the question. I reviewed
your discussion and understand that you have done considerable research to write. Still, I analyze
that you did not answer the second part of the problem “officers must be aware of the signs and
evidence that indicate that trafficking may be occurring.” You provided informative and logical
detail on human trafficking, prostitution, and laws that protect these two happenings. But do not
clearly explain how officers can recognize signs and evidence. Yes, it is true that human
trafficking has become a common practice and happening in different forms (Canto, 2014).
Your discussion point where you said prostitution cases are not being reported publicly, I
agree with you, and I believe that this is one of the reasons that prostitution becomes so common
and socially acceptable. Although it violates our social norms but still no one raise voice against
those who promote prostitution. Along with reporting, there is a need to motivate people that this
is not socially acceptable because it hurts social norms and ethical behavioral standards. Your
discussion highlights numerous researches that say human trafficking and prostitution are not
coming slow but become a source of income and pleasure for people in multiple countries across
the world.
DISCUSSION REPLIES 3
Discussion Response 2:
I reviewed your discussion and understood to evaluate that your paper is focusing on how
law enforcement can limit human trafficking and prostitution. I agree with you that predators are
getting benefits from human trafficking and prostitution. They are getting benefits by selling
humans and women for sex and for labor work that is unethical as well as illegal. I agreed that
the justice system could do a better job, but the point to ponder is how officers will get evidence
of the happening of human trafficking because smugglers or traffickers use strategies to hide
under fake identities to perform such actions. Your discussion is informative overall and adds
much in my understanding of human trafficking and prostitution.
You made a significant contribution by saying that we should inform the public about
signs of the happening of human trafficking and worn them to be careful and attentive when
moving out. This is a good point that we should inform them about all possible signs that could
happen to them. Spreading awareness and strengthening law enforcement are two ways to limit
human trafficking and prostitution that, if not restricted on time, will cause considerable
destruction in society. I also believe that numerous laws are addressing the same problem and
intended to solve, but still, human trafficking exists in more than one form (HOTLINE, 2020).
Prostitution is another evil that uses the body of women under force for sex, affecting hundreds
of girls into the country and leaves them to suffer for the rest of their life. You did a great job.
Thank you for sharing such a substantive informative discussion.
DISCUSSION REPLIES 4
References
Canto, E. S. (2014). Sexual exploitation and prostitution and its impact on gender equality.
Policy Department , 3-9.
HOTLINE, N. H. (2020). Report Trafficking. https://humantraffickinghotline.org/report-
trafficking.
Discusion
by Alexa Tutor
Submission date: 09-Aug-2020 05:53AM (UTC+0500)
Submission ID: 1367402276
File name: KIO.docx (13.11K)
Word count: 516
Character count: 2697
Discussion
Reply
1:
|
enjoyed
reading
the
substantive
discussion
post
that
provides
an
in-depth
understanding
of
human
trafficking.
|
agree
with
your
provided
definition
of
human
trafficking
that
shows
you
are
well
aware
of
the
phenomena
and
sharing
an
informative
answer
to
the
question.
|
reviewed
your
discussion
and
understand
that
you
have
done
considerable
research
to
write.
Still,
|
analyze
that
you
did
not
answer
the
second
part
of
the
problem
“officers
must
be
aware
of
the
signs
and
evidence
that
indicate
that
trafficking
may
be
occurring.”
You
provided
informative
and
logical
detail
on
human
trafficking,
prostitution,
and
laws
that
protect
these
two
happenings.
But
do
not
clearly
explain
how
officers
can
recognize
signs
and
evidence.
Yes,
it
is
true that
human
trafficking
has
become
a
common
practice
and
happening
in
different
forms
(Canto,
2014).
Your
discussion
point
where
you
said
prostitution
cases are
not
being
reported
publicly,
|
agree
with
you,
and!
believe
that
this
is
one
of
the
reasons
that
prostitution
becomes
so
common
and
socially
acceptable.
Although
it
violates
our
social
norms
but
still
no
one
raise
voice
against
those
who
promote
prostitution.
Along
with
reporting,
there
is
a
need
to
motivate
people
that
this
is
not
socially
acceptable
because
it
hurts
social
norms
and
ethical
behavioral
standards.
Your
discussion
highlights
numerous
researches
that
say
human
trafficking
and
prostitution
are
not
coming
slow
but become
a
source
of
income
and
pleasure
for
people
in
multiple
countries
across
the
world.
Discussion
Response
2:
|
reviewed
your
discussion
and
understood
to
evaluate
that
your
paper
is
focusing
on
how
law
enforcement
can
limit
human
trafficking
and
prostitution.
|
agree
with
you
that
predators
are getting
benefits
from
human
trafficking
and
prostitution.
They
are
getting
benefits
by
selling
humans
and
women
for
sex
and
for
labor
work
that
is
unethical
as
well
as
illegal.
|
agreed
that
the
justice
system
could
do
a
better
job,
but the
point
to
ponder
is
how
officers
will
get
evidence
of
the
happening
of
human
trafficking
because
smugglers
or
traffickers
use
strategies
to
hide
under
fake
identities
to
perform
such
actions.
Your
discussion
is
informative
overall
and
adds
much
in
my
understanding
of
human
trafficking
and
prostitution.
You
made
a
significant
contribution
by
saying
that
we
should
inform
the
public
about
signs
of
the
happening
of
human
trafficking
and
worn
them
to
be
careful
and
attentive
when
moving
out.
This
is
a
good
point
that
we
should
inform
them
about
all
possible
signs
that
could
happen
to
them.
Spreading
awareness
and
strengthening
law
enforcement
are
two
ways
to
limit
human
trafficking
and
prostitution
that,
if
not
restricted
on
time,
will
cause
considerable
destruction
in
society.
|
also
believe
that
numerous
laws
are
addressing
the
same
problem
and
intended
to
solve,
but
still,
human
trafficking
exists
in
more
than
one
form
(HOTLINE,
2020).
Prostitution
is
another
evil
that
uses
the
body
of
women
under
force
for
sex,
affecting
hundreds
of
girls
into
the
country
and
leaves
them
to
suffer
for
the
rest
of
their
life.
You
did
a
great
job.
Thank
you
for
sharing
such
a
substantive
informative
discussion.
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