BORDERS AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING 2
Abstract
Today’s world is divided in very discouraging and troublesome aspects since a lot of
these aspects stem from lack of morality and emulating God’s image. Due to the lack of inner
justice and poor character the courtrooms are being overloaded and the tier courts are lacking
ownership on cases they could and probably should process, but instead remand. The issues with
this are complacency, little to know partnerships amongst the courts, lengthy court hearings, and
lower courtroom workgroup integrity. One specific courtroom workgroup I will discuss is the
prostitution diversion courtroom workgroup that, like the courtroom morality controversy, has
many blurred roles and responsibilities, confusion of what acceptable behavior is, and most
importantly the overall goals amongst the participants so that there are no further criminal
behavior.
BORDERS AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING 3
Synthesis Paper
It is blatantly obvious in today’s societies that the decreasing number of Christians and
believers is leading to a lost sense of morality, thus overwhelming not only the first responders
but our court systems also and many of the courtroom workgroups. The Supreme Court
(SC)“faces a potential moral hazard problem due to the imperfect ability to monitor its
subordinates. Thus, the lower courts might deviate from the SC's preferences by adopting
decisions that are more consistent with their own (diverging) ideology” (Sarel and Demirtas,
2021). The problem with this interpreted roles and obligations is that it trickles down and up
through the court systems, federal and private employees, courtroom workgroups, criminals and
victims creating a toxic environment and questionable morals. Morals are vital, especially in the
justice system, because that is the values that keep our inner compasses facing North towards
God and his willl for us.
APA Heading
Court remands are more common now than ever before in history due to the
overwhelming amount of cases that need to be addressed. Judges and Justices are being tested
routinely and daily with what the best option is for in regards to the individuals involved in cases
and the functionality legally and morally within the courts. “Judges face a trade-off when
deciding whether to remand cases: delegating the decision power enables to transfer effort costs
to the lower court, but may be costly in terms of ideological preferences and reputation costs”
(Sarel and Demirtas, 2021). This article describes the struggles, hurdles, and even weak moral
BORDERS AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING 4
standards within the multi-tier court systems and the hazards that are having a ripple effect
bleeding into the communities.
APA Heading
One of the strengths in this article is the honesty and humbled approach to the multi-tier
court systems flaws and much needed improvements. It was very through and direct when stating
the advantages and disadvantages of appellate court decision and supreme court decisions
specifically with remands. Appellate courts must take advantage of remands when the judges
knowingly recognize that the district courts would be better suited for a case due to their
specialization in fact finding and more quality expert witness and avoiding “an unnecessary
binding precedent” (Sarel and Demirtas, 2021).
A weakness in this article is the lack of specific examples used when addressing the
morality of judges when appeals are needed but not necessarily processed as they should be.
“Appellate review may then generate ample incentives to avoid deviations, as any agent who
deviates will potentially face two costly outcomes: a?reversal?and a?remand. Reversals are costly
in terms of reputation, which judges value due to intrinsic (e.g. self-esteem and prestige) or
extrinsic (e.g. fear of reversals that hinder the prospect of promotion) motivation, but also in
terms of preferences - as reversals change the case's outcome” (Sarel and Demirtas, 2021). It
would have been nice to see some statistics with the amount of cases that weren’t remanded as
needed due to the judge not wanting to potentially harm the possibility for promotion or upward
movement. I realize those statistics would be challenge but at least have a professional analyze
cases on proper remands executed and vise versa. Another weakness is the stressors on
ideological views amongst the different courts and same courts just different cities and states.
BORDERS AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING 5
Laws and regulations are open to interpretation but not as much as this article is portraying.
Laws are very detailed and most have little to no room for flexible translation, so whether a
courtroom is more conservative or liberal, the law is the law and needs to be executed as such.
Solutions to the Issue
This article “explores how professional stakeholders navigate individual and institutional
goals, ethical standards, and perspectives within the courtroom workgroup of a prostitution
diversion program” (Franke, 2022). I choose a specific courtroom group due to the challenges of
explaining general perceptions rather than specifics and dissections the strengths and
weaknesses. It was a very interesting article and the respondents interviews "illustrate the
centrality of collaboration and role blurring; the necessity of reciprocity and balance in the team;
challenges of role delineation; diversity in understandings about acceptable professional
behaviour; and the protective techniques some stakeholders use to shield current and future
participants from harm” (Franke, 2022).
Conclusion: Personal Reflection, Position, and Christian Worldview
I knew just from watching several news coverages that there has been some concerns and
issues with the court systems morality and ideology being so distant it was hard to pinpoint
certain outcomes. I think the largest and most controversial issue right now is the revers of Roe
vs Wade and the citizens concerns on both sides. I personally am pro-life in every aspect and
know the devil is leading the reins on the hearts and minds of all those for abortion. This topic
relates to my paper because it is another direct reflection on how the court systems struggle with
morality is more real and present than ever before. Justice and its righteousness impacts our daily
BORDERS AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING 6
lives in so many aspects. It affects our education, health, safety and even employment. The
United States justice system must do right by it citizens but also do right by God and his
undeniable love for us. We must’t scare from doing what’s right and living up to a high integrity
level even when some ideologies or promotions ask differently. “There is no fear in love. But
perfect love drives out fear” (Catholic Bible,1 John 4:18).
References
Collins. (2011). Catholic bible.
Anderson, V. R., Kulig, T. C., & Sullivan, C. J. (2019). Estimating the prevalence of human
trafficking in Ohio, 2014–2016. American Journal of Public Health, 109(10), 1396–1399.
https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305203
Ataiants, J., Cohen, C., Riley, A. H., Tellez Lieberman, J., Reidy, M. C., & Chilton, M. (2017).
Unaccompanied children at the United States border, a human rights crisis that can be
addressed with policy change. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 20(4), 1000–
1010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-017-0577-5
BORDERS AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING 7
Farrell, A., Bouché, V., & Wolfe, D. (2019). Assessing the impact of state human trafficking
legislation on criminal justice system outcomes. Law & Policy, 41(2), 174–197.
https://doi.org/10.1111/lapo.12124
Franchino-Olsen, H., Chesworth, B. R., Boyle, C., Rizo, C. F., Martin, S. L., Jordan, B., Macy,
R. J., & Stevens, L. (2020). The prevalence of sex trafficking of children and adolescents
in the United States: A scoping review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 23(1), 182–195.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838020933873
Jancsics, D. (2019). Law enforcement corruption along the U.S. borders. Security Journal, 34(1),
26–46. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41284-019-00203-8
Keskin, B. B., Bott, G. J., & Freeman, N. K. (2020). Cracking sex trafficking: Data Analysis,
pattern recognition, and path prediction. Production and Operations Management, 30(4),
1110–1135. https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.13294
Reis, T. A., Gibbs, J. C., Howard, D., & Strohacker, E. R. (2022). Prostitute or human trafficking
victim? police discernment of?human trafficking. Policing: An International Journal,
45(2), 334–345. https://doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-07-2021-0094
Tillyer, M. S., Smith, M. R., & Tillyer, R. (2021). Findings from the U.S. National Human
Trafficking Hotline. Journal of Human Trafficking, 9(3), 398–407.
https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2021.1925493
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
