Halee Moriarty
Evaluation Form
NAME: Halee Moriarty Date: 01-23-2020
Ricks, E. P., & Eno Louden, J. (2015). The relationship between officer orientation and
supervision strategies in community corrections. Law and Human Behavior, 39(2), 130-
141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000098
1.
1. OUTLINE: Use the exact titles
and subtitles used in the article
Use alphanumeric style
I. (APA level 1)
A. (APA level 2)
1. (APA level 3)
a. (APA level 4)
(1) (APA level 5)
II. (APA level 1) and so on
I. Introduction
II. Present Study
III. Step 1. Measure Revision
A. Method
B. Participants
C. Results
IV. Step 2. Psychometrics of Revised Scale
and Predicting Officers’ Decisions
A. Method
B. Participants
C. Materials
D. Vignettes
E. Results
1. Psychometric Properties
2. Trichotomization of Officers
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3.
A.
3. Officer Typology and
Strategy
V. Discussion
A. Limitations
1. A Promising Measure or
Officer Orientation
2. Majority of Officers Report
Synthetic Orientation
3. Officer Orientation Relates
to Supervision Strategies for
New-compliant Offenders
VI. Conclusions and Implications
2. PURPOSE: (Cite, as accurately as
possible, the author’s purpose
for writing the article. What was
the
research question?)
Explanatory, evaluative, exploratory
or
descriptive
Was a theory or theoretical
perspective
presented?
[Abstract, summary, conclusion]
“However,the extent to which officers’ orientations toward
rehabilitation versus community safety affect their decisions for
individual offenders is not clear” p.1
“This research furthers our understanding of the relationship
between self-reported orientation and supervision strategy.” p.1
3. KEYWORDS: (Keywords)
[Keywords after the abstract] or
KEY QUESTION: (Your goal is
to figure out the key question that
was in the author’s mind when he
or she wrote the article. In other
Key words:
“community corrections, probation, parole, role
orientation, decision making” p. 1
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4.
1.
5.
B.
[the key issue is…., the main
point is…]
4. LITERATURE REVIEW
(Identify the most important and
relevant studies, prior
literature)
[Introduction, previous
literature says, other studies]
“Prior research has highlighted the impact of officer
typologies.Perhaps the most important finding is that how an
officer views his or her role may affect how supervisees fare on
probation or parole.” p.1
“.Paparozzi and Gendreau (2005)found that officers oriented as
law enforcers or as social workers have more supervision
revocations or re-offenses among offenders on their caseloads,
whereas the caseloads of officers with synthetic orientations
generally had better supervision outcomes and less recidivism
(see also Skeem &Manchak, 2008). p.1
5. MOST IMPORTANT
INFORMATION: Key
transitions
Transition signals
1. Addition-also, another,
next, first, other
2. Cause and effect-because,
since, therefore, as a
result
3. Comparison-like, equally,
just as
4. Contrast-but, yet, on the
contrary, however
5. Emphasis-most, above all, key
factor, especially
6. Illustration-for example,
for instance
7. Conclusion – finally, in
sum, in conclusion
“We next examined whether RCC scores are related to how
community corrections officers respond to scenarios of
noncompliance” p.6
“We next sought to answer the question of whether an
officer’s self-reported approach toward supervision was
related to any change in pressure strategy between the initial
noncompliance scenario and the continued noncompliance
sce-nario.” p. 7
“thus leaving only the negative-pressure or neutral-pressure
responses.” p.6
“Thus, the “firm but fair” (Andrews & Kiessling, 1980)officer
appears to most effectively elicit compliance in supervision, and it
is encouraging that the majority of our respondents endorsed this
approach.” p.9
“Thus, it is concerning that so few officers in our sample chose a
positive-reinforcement method in either noncompliance scenario”
p. 10
“Thus, they are neither in prison, nor do they enjoy the freedom
of other citizens—they are somewhere in between.” p.1
“Because previous research provides evidence that a model of
supervision may be only as effective as its delivery (Dowden &
Andrews,2004;Paparozzi & Gendreau, 2005;Taxman, 2002), it
is important to understand how officers perceive their own
approaches toward the offenders they supervise.” p.2
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6. ME
[Meth
7
“ because role conflict implies incompatibility between different
values.” p.2
“Because we reworded each statement, we also needed to ensure
that we did not significantly change its meaning.” p.4
“Because the RCC is a continuous variable, we also computed
regressions to determine if categorization would lead to different
conclusions than if we had left the RCC score as a continuous
variable.” p. 6
THODOLOGY(Key methods used)
ods: What model is used, what is
“We first analyzed each statement using computerized measures.
“ p.3
“The RGL score estimates how advanced a statement is, using a
scale that corresponds to years of education in the U.S. system
(e.g., a statement at an RGLof 12 supposedly requires a high
school education to easily understand.).” p. 3
“In addition to the computer analyses, we presented the revised
and original statements to community corrections officers so that
we could gain their subjective opinions of the items’ ease of
understanding and meaning retention. Officers read an original
statement and its revision (without knowing which was which),
chose which version was easier to understand, and indicated how
much they mean the same thing.” p. 4
“The second part of our study had two aims: to examine
the psychometric properties of the RCC and to test its
utility in predicting officers’ supervision strategies.” p.4
“Community corrections officers received an invitation via email
to complete a web-based survey.” p.4
“Regarding the measure’s predictive utility, we presented officers
with a pair of vignettes (see theAppendix) to examine whether and
how their orientation as measured by the RCC affected their
decisions for a hypothetical offender.” p.4
the experimental design, our
data was from, Are there any
stated hypothesis? If so what are
the independent of dependent
variables? What are the units of
analysis (sample)? Were there
any instruments used? Was this
a cross sectional or longitudinal
design or other design like
experiment, survey, or
observation? What are the
sample characteristics-selection,
participation rate?]
. RESULTS/DISCUSSION (Tables, “According to the RGL ratings, each of the revised terms should
be as easily or more easily understood than its corresponding
original version.” p. 4
“For item comparisons of the second revisions, officers rated the
average meaning retention as 2.82 (SD.29), which indicated
more meaning similarity than not. With satisfactory items for
our
data, graphical representations,
meaning)
[Results: Were there any causal
assertions? Did data support the
conclusions or assertions? the
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[Lim
results show, Table 1 shows] measure, we continued to the second stage of the study.” p.4
“We first examined the revised scale’s psychometric properties
and then explored how officers’ responses on the revised
instrument related to their chosen pressure strategies. We
calculated Guttman–Cronbach’s alpha as an indication of average
interitem association (reliability), and correlation coefficients
between the RCC and the other above-mentioned measures to find
evidence that the scale was valid.” p.5
8. LIMITATIONS/DISCUSSION
(Limitations of the study)
itations, Discussion: One
limitation
“Community corrections officers play a critical role in the
supervision of probationers and parolees.” p.7
“Understanding the relation between an officer’s attitudes
toward his or her role and the actual supervision strategies he or
she chooses is an important step toward effective correctional
practices. “ p.7
of our study is, other limitations,
Other studies show…]
9. CONCLUSION
(The main conclusion(s) of the
author(s))
[Conclusion: In summary,
Finally, In conclusion,
Future studies?]
“The first is that the use of the same vignettes for all officers
provided the opportunity to compare officer types by decisions,
whereas past research has been primarily concerned with actual
offender outcomes, which are less comparable, as their causes are
not always clear.” p. 10
“The second is that this was the first research that directly
examined how officers make decisions based on their role
orientation: a valuable aspect that provides a foundation for
improvements in screening and training for new and seasoned
officers.” p. 10
10. YOUR OPINION OF
THE PAPER
This paper shows in depth the type of orientation that is best
suited for officers and how that training affects them. It is very
well planned out and executed, the experiment was very
thorough.
