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DSM-5-TR Summaries: Third Assignment
Brittany Phillips
Department of Counselor Education and Family Studies, Liberty University
Author Note
Brittany Phillips
I have no known conflict of interest to disclose
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Brittany Phillips
Email: bnphillips8@liberty.edu
There are a variety of personality disorders ranging from general to obsessive-
compulsive. The disorders are clustered into four types of personality disorders; Cluster A,
Cluster B, Cluster C, and Other Personality Disorders.
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Cluster A Personality Disorders consist of paranoid personality disorder, schizoid
personality disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder. In this cluster, odd or eccentric
behaviors are common. We see things such as reading hidden threatening meanings, choosing
solitary activities, and suspicious or paranoid ideation. It’s important to note that all of the
behaviors listed within the Cluster A behaviors occur outside of schizophrenia, bipolar,
depressive, psychotic, and autism disorders.
Cluster B Personality Disorders have antisocial personality disorder, borderline
personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder. This
group of disorders is known for being dramatic and erratic behavior. Behaviors such as
impulsivity, recurrent suicidal behaviors, displays rapidly shifting emotions, and is preoccupied
with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love.
Cluster C Personality Disorders are avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality
disorder, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Cluster C personality disorders are
fearful or anxious have behaviors. Examples consist of being preoccupied with being criticized
or rejected, feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone and is preoccupies with details.
Other Personality Disorders include personality change due to medical condition, other
specified personality disorder, and unspecified personality disorder. Each of these is dependent
on different symptoms and characteristics.
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Neurodevelopmental Disorders vary on a large scale with 20 disorders listed. There are _
types of disorders in this chapter of the DSM; intellectual developmental disorders,
communication disorders, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,
specific learning disorder, motor disorders, and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Starting with intellectual developmental disorders, there is a deficit in intellectual and
adaptive functioning. Global developmental delay and unspecified intellectual developmental
disorder. These two disorders differ in the age of the individual and determine what can be
assessed.
Communication disorders consist of language disorder, speech sound disorder, childhood-
onset fluency disorder, social communication disorder, and unspecified communication disorder.
These disorders all show deficits in communication, finding issues in how an individual may
speak or portray themselves to someone else visually. There may be issues with reduced
vocabulary or limited sentences, as well as issues with speech sound, and broken words.
Autism spectrum disorder lists, the disorder itself. This disorder, like the last, consists of
communication deficits but more socially than literally. There are restricted behaviors involved
with autism spectrum disorder. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder can have conditions
anywhere from low to severe, as it is a spectrum.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder consists of itself as well as other specified
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and unspecified attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder consists of hyperactivity and impulsivity. Individuals
with this disorder have a difficult time keeping up with tasks or paying attention.
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Specific Learning Disorder is a disorder that has difficulties in learning when it comes to
academics. This disorder entails a variety of things such as inaccurate reading, difficulty
understanding and spelling, and other issues of the sort.
Motor Disorders are disorders such as developmental coordination disorder, stereotypic
movement disorder, tic disorders. These disorders cause an issue in how a person moves. With
disorders like tic disorders, a person may randomly throw their hand up. Motor disorders
dysregulate movement in an individuals.
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Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders has 12 disorders in the DSM.
Unlike the other disorders, this one is not broken up by clusters. The 12 disorders consists of;
delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform disorder, schizophrenia,
schizoaffective disorder, substance-induced psychotic disorder, psychotic disorder dur to another
medical condition, catatonia, catatonic disorder due to another medical condition, unspecified
catatonia, other specified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder, and unspecified
schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder.
Delusions are a basic criteria for most schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Delusions are
not required for schizophrenia spectrum disorder but definitely can occur. Delusions are false
beliefs that show abnormalities in a persons thoughts.
Brief psychotic disorder is a disorder in which someone has psychotic symptoms but they
last for a month or less and then go back to normal. These psychotic symptoms cannot be
explained by other disorders, however stressors are to be specified if they occur.
Schizophreniform disorder requires the same symptoms as brief psychotic disorder with
the addition of negative symptoms. Episodes with this disorder last anywhere from a month to
six months. The difference between Schizophreniform and Schizophrenia is that in
schizophrenia, individuals must experience symptoms for a least six months.
Schizoaffective disorder is different than the last two disorders. While the same psychotic
behaviors are required as the last two disorders, there must be delusions or hallucinations for two
or more weeks in the absence of a major mood disorder. Major mood episodes must be present.
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders can be caused by drugs, which are
substance/medication induced. We see this in drugs like meth and cocaine where a person is
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staying awake for long periods of time and beginning to see and hear things and in some cases,
believe people are plotting against them.
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References
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual
of mental disorders (5th ed., text
rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787
