DSM-5-TR Summary Set 2
Author Note
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School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University
DSM-5-TR Summaries: Substance and Addictive, Trauma, and Obsessive-
compulsive disorders
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DSM-5-TR Summary Set 22
DSM-5-TR Summaries: Substance and Addictive, Trauma, and
Obsessive-compulsive disorders
Substance-related and Addictive Disorders
Overview
The following information was taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th Edition,
Text Revision (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) unless otherwise noted. The DSM-5
defines a number of problems connected to the abuse of drugs and the emergence of addiction as
substance-related and addictive disorders. Disorders falling under this group are those that are
characterized by frequent drug use, which causes severe distress and disability. The disorders
include addictive behaviors as well as disorders brought on by and caused by substances.
Disorders
1.Substance Use Disorder: These disorders involve consuming habits that cause distress or
clinical impairment. Problematic use of drugs like alcohol, cannabis, stimulants, opioids,
and other substances is a feature of these disorders. The symptoms can include social and
occupational dysfunction as well as impaired control over substance use.
2.Substance-Induced Disorder: Substance-induced disorders emerge as a result of substance
use's physiological and psychological effects. They include drug intoxication,
substance withdrawal, and various mental disorders brought on by drugs, such as anxiety
or depressive disorders.
3.Addictive Behaviors: In addition to substance abuse, the DSM-5 recognizes other
addictive behaviors, such as gambling disorder. These actions involve recurring patterns
of behavior that hinder an individual’s capacity to carry out daily tasks successfully.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
DSM-5-TR Summary Set 23
Genetics, early substance exposure, a family history of addiction, mental health
conditions, and a traumatic past are all risk factors for substance use disorder. Depending on the
person and drug, prognostic factors might fluctuate, although they frequently include the extent
of the addiction, the existence of co-occurring mental health conditions, social support networks,
and readiness for change. While persistent substance use and a lack of treatment can decrease
prognosis, early intervention and support can improve it.
DSM-5-TR Summary Set 24
Trauma and Stress-related Disorders
Overview
The DSM-5-TR includes a group of disorders known as trauma and stressor-related disorders
that are characterized by exposure to traumatic or stressful events that cause significant distress
and impairment in a variety of life domains. The emotional and psychological responses to
traumatic events that characterize these disorders include intrusive thoughts, avoidance
behaviors, depressive mood swings, and changes in arousal and reactivity. They illustrate the
intricate relationship between a person's reaction to stressors and how these stressors affect their
mental health.
Disorders
1.Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): PTSD is characterized by exposure to a traumatic
event and the emergence of distressing symptoms. The symptoms of PTSD include
intrusive thoughts, nightmares, flashbacks, avoidance of reminders, negative changes in
mood and cognition, and increased arousal and reactivity. To be diagnosed, symptoms
must be present for at least a month and significantly impair function.
2.Acute Stress Disorders (ASD): ASD is a condition marked by extreme anxiety and
distress that develops after being exposed to a traumatic event. Intrusive thoughts,
dissociation, avoidance, a bad mood, and marked arousal are symptoms. The symptoms
must appear three days to four weeks after the trauma in order to meet the criteria.
3.Adjustment Disorders: Adjustment Disorders include emotional and behavioral
symptoms that arise from a stressor or a change in one's lifestyle. These reactions, which
may include conduct issues, anxiety, or depressed mood, that are out of proportion to how
DSM-5-TR Summary Set 25
severe the stressor was. When symptoms appear within three months of the stressor's
onset and disappear within six months, a diagnosis has been made.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
A history of prior trauma or mental health disorders, exposure to traumatic events, and a
lack of social support are all risk factors for developing acute stress disorder (ASD). The severity
of the traumatic incident, the promptness of assistance, the presence of continuous stressors, and
individual resilience can all affect prognostic variables for ASD. Early treatment interventions,
coping mechanisms, and social support can all help ASD patients have a better prognosis.
DSM-5-TR Summary Set 26
Obsessive-compulsive and related Disorders
Overview
According to the DSM-5-TR, a group of disorders known as obsessive-compulsive and related
disorders are characterized by the presence of distressing, bothersome, and repetitive thoughts,
images, or urges (obsessions) as well as repetitive behaviors or mental acts carried out in
response to these obsessions. Obsessional thinking and ritualistic behaviors, which can seriously
harm a person's ability to function in daily life, are common to these disorders.
Disorders
1.Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Obsessions, compulsions, or both may be
present in OCD. Compulsions are repeated actions or mental acts meant to lessen distress
or avoid a feared event, whereas obsessions are persistent, bothersome, and distressing
thoughts or urges. These symptoms must take a long time to appear and cause significant
distress or impairment in order to be diagnosed.
2.Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD): BDD is characterized by an excessive preoccupation
with one's perceived physical flaws or defects. To deal with these issues, people engage
in repetitive actions (such as checking or grooming) or mental acts (such as evaluating
their own performance in comparison to others).
3.Hoarding Disorder: The continuous difficulty in getting rid of or parting with
possessions, regardless of their worth, is a symptom of hoarding disorder. This results in
a large amount of anxiety and functional impairment due to the excessive accumulation
of clutter in living areas.
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4.Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder): Hair loss is a symptom of trichotillomania,
which is characterized by frequent hair-pulling. Before pulling, they feel stress, and they
feel happy or relieved after.
5.Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder: Recurrent skin picking that results in lesions on the
skin is a defining feature of excoriation disorder. Picking is a habit that is frequently
performed to relieve tension or satisfy a strong urge to select.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
A family history of hoarding, particular personality qualities like perfectionism or
indecision, and traumatic life experiences are all risk factors for hoarding disorder. The degree of
the person's hoarding behaviors, their capacity to retain treatment improvements, and their
willingness to participate in therapy are all prognostic considerations. The prognosis for people
with hoarding disorder has showed promise with early intervention and cognitive-behavioral
therapy (CBT).
DSM-5-TR Summary Set 2
References
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric
Association, 2022.
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