DSM-5-TR SUMMARIES 2
DSM-5-TR Summaries Set Two
Disorders covered in the DSM-5-TR cover a wide variety of disorders from depressive to
cognitive disorders and more. This assignment was to focus on three sections which are
substance-related and addictive disorders, trauma and stressor related disorders and obsessive-
compulsive and related disorders, and to compare each disorder within each section. Also listed
are prognostic and risk factors associated with each section.
Substance-related and Addictive Disorders
Overview
The DSM-5-TR section on substance-related and addictive disorders covers 20 related
disorders ranging from alcohol-, drug-, tobacco-related, and gambling disorders. 10 separate
drug classifications are covered among the 20 disorders listed and are divided into two groups.
Disorders
Alcohol use disorder is a disorder where the client is dependent on alcohol to the point it
disrupts their normal social or occupational situations. The individual is also dependent
on alcohol, intoxicated by and/or withdrawing from alcohol addiction. The individual
must meet two out of 11 criterion which must occur within a 12 month period.
Unspecified alcohol-related disorder would not meet the full criteria to be classified as
alcohol use disorder but would still present disruptive symptoms related to alcohol use
disorder.
Caffeine-related disorders are related to the intoxication, withdrawal, or other caffeine
disorders resulting from excessive amounts of caffeine and are not associated with
another medical condition.
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Cannabis-related disorders are disorders resulting from problematic excessive use of
cannabis resulting in intoxication, dependency and/or withdrawal associated with the use
of cannabis. To be classified as cannabis-related disorders, the client must meet two out
of 10 criterion within any 12 month period.
Unspecified cannabis-induced disorders would meet the symptomatic criteria of
cannabis-related disorders but would not meet two of the 10 criterion needed to classify it
as such.
Phencyclidine-related disorders problematic excessive use of phencyclidine resulting in
intoxication, dependency and/or withdrawal associated with the use of phencyclidine. To
be classified as phencyclidine-related disorders, the client must meet two out of 10
criterion within any 12 month period
Other Hallucinogen use disorder resulting from problematic excessive use of other
hallucinogens resulting in intoxication, dependency and/or withdrawal associated with
the use of these hallucinogens. To be classified as other hallucinogen disorders, the client
must meet two out of 10 criterion within any 12 month period
Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder is continued symptoms of the use of
hallucinogens after the individual has stopped taking them. Such symptoms cause distress
and disruption to the individual’s social and occupational situations.
Unspecified phencyclidine-related disorder meets the symptomatic criteria of a specified
phencyclidine-related disorder but does not meet all criteria to be classified as such.
Unspecified hallucinogen-related disorders meets the symptomatic criteria of a specified
hallucinogen-related disorder but does not meet all criteria to be classified as such.
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Inhalant-related disorders are classified as mild, moderate, or severe. There are the result
of problematic excessive use of hydro-carbon inhalants resulting in intoxication,
dependency and/or withdrawal associated with the use of these inhalants. To be classified
as other hallucinogen disorders, the client must meet two out of 10 criterion within any
12 month period
Unspecified inhalant-related disorder meets the symptomatic criteria of a specified
inhalant-related disorder but does not meet all criteria to be classified as such.
Opioid-related disorders are classified as mild, moderate, or severe and the individual
must meet two out of 11 criterion which must occur within a 12 month period. This
disorder is the result of problematic excessive use of hydro opioids resulting in
intoxication, dependency and/or withdrawal associated with the use of opioids
Unspecified opioid-related disorder meets the symptomatic criteria of a specified
inhalant-related disorder but does not meet all criteria to be classified as such.
Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-related disorders are classified as mild, moderate, or
severe and the individual must meet two out of 11 criterion which must occur within a 12
month period. These are the result of problematic excessive use of sedative, hypnotic,
and/or anxiolytic drugs resulting in intoxication, dependency and/or withdrawal
associated with these drugs.
Stimulant use disorders are classified as mild, moderate, or severe and the individual
must meet two out of 11 criterion which must occur within a 12 month period. These are
the result of problematic excessive use of sedative, hypnotic, and/or anxiolytic drugs
resulting in intoxication, dependency and/or withdrawal associated with these drugs.
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Tobacco use disorder is classified in with individuals as mild, moderate, or severe and the
individual must meet two out of 11 criterion which must occur within a 12 month period.
These are the result of problematic excessive use of tobacco related products (cigarettes
being the most common) resulting in dependency and/or withdrawal associated with it’s
use.
Unspecified tobacco-related disorders of a specified tobacco-related disorder but does not
meet all criteria to be classified as such.
Other (or unknown) substance-related disorders are classified as mild, moderate, or
severe and the individual must meet two out of 11 criterion which must occur within a 12
month period. All though this disorder meets some of the symptomatic criteria as other
substance-related disorders, it does not meet the full criteria to be classified as such
disorders.
Gambling Disorder is classified as mild, moderate, or severe and must meet four out of
nine specific criteria during a 12 month period. The gambling must be persistent and
problematic to the point that it disrupts an individual’s social or occupational situations.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
Risk and prognostic factors associated with substance-related and addictive disorders can
be environmental, temperamental, genetic and physiological, and comorbidities may exist. Stress
may also be a factor of these disorders.
Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders
Overview
The DSM-5-TR outlines six disorders in the category of trauma- and stressor-related
disorders. The disorders are reactive attachment, disinhibited social engagement, posttraumatic
DSM-5-TR SUMMARIES 6
stress, acute stress, adjustment disorder, and other specified trauma- and stressor-related
disorders.
Disorders
Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) is a disorder more commonly found in children who
must be between the ages of 9 months and 5 years old. Children with RAD disorder must
meet criteria of being emotionally withdrawn from care givers, have had insufficient care,
and/or must not meet the criteria for autism. RAD is categorized as persistent or severe.
Disinhibited social engagement disorder is a disorder which is opposite of RAD.
Disinhibited social engagement disorder is found in children who approaches and/or
interacts with adults they are not familiar with. In addition, such children may have also
experienced insufficient care and/or a constant change in care givers. The child must be
at least 9 months of age and the disorder is categorized as persistent or severe.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) applies to adults, adolescents and children older
than 6 years old who have had direct exposure to traumatic events such as violence,
sexual assault, and/or serious injury.
Acute stress disorder is the result of exposure to death, serious injury, and/or sexual
violence and includes intrusive symptoms, negative moods, and dissociative, avoidance,
and arousal symptoms.
Adjustment disorder is caused as the result of identifiable stressors. The client would
have developed emotional and/or behavioral symptom as a result of such stressors.
Other specified trauma- and stressor-related disorder is classified as such because
although it is associated with trauma and/or stressors, it does not meet the criteria to be
classified as one of the other trauma and stressor related disorders.
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Risk and Prognostic Factors
Some of the risk and prognostic factors related with trauma and stressor related disorders
are temperamental and environmental. In addition suicidal thoughts or ideation are prevalent and
comorbidities are often found.
Obsessive-compulsive and Related Disorders
Overview
The DSM-5-TR lists obsessive-compulsive, hoarding, trichotillomania, excoriation,,
substance/medication-induced obsessive-compulsive and related disorders as well as obsessive-
compulsive and related disorders due to other medical conditions, other specified and
unspecified obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and body dysmorphic disorder. There
has been increasing information on such disorders which is why the DSM5 has its own section
on these disorders.
Disorders
Obsessive-compulsive disorders are the result of obsessions and compulsions that cause
recurrent urges, persistent thoughts, or images which result in unwanted anxiety,
behaviors, or distress taking up more than one hour per day affecting client wellbeing.
Body dysmorphic disorder is a disorder that causes preoccupation on a perceived physical
defect or flaws that may not be visible or recognized by others which causes distress or
behaviors that affects client behavior.
Hoarding Disorder is a disorder not associated with another medical condition which
causes distress as a result of hoarding things regardless of value or significance.
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Trichotillomania (hair-pulling-disorder) is a disorder resulting from recurrent hair pulling
not attributed to the symptom of other medical conditions and causes a disruption of
client social and occupational situations.
Excoriation (skin-picking) disorder similar to trichotillomania, this disorder is not the
result of a symptom from another medical condition or disorder. Rather than hair pulling,
excoriation focuses on picking of skin.
Substance/medication-induced obsessive-compulsive and related disorder is caused by
medications such as withdrawal from medications, or side-effects of a medication
resulting in a disturbance in daily social, occupational or other client situations.
Obsessive-compulsive and related disorder due to another medical condition are caused
as a side-effect as the result of another associated medical condition resulting in a
disruption of social or occupational client situations.
Other specified obsessive-compulsive and related disorders present the same symptoms
of other obsessive-compulsive or other related disorders but do not meet all the criteria to
be classified as such.
Unspecified obsessive-compulsive and related disorders remain unspecified by the
counselor, but do meet the symptoms of some of the other disorders but still do not meet
the full criteria to meet classification standards.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
There are several risk and prognostic factors associated with obsessive-compulsive and
related disorders. Prognostic factors associated are temperamental, environmental, genetic and
physiological. Risk factors include suicide, eating disorders and comorbidities are also present.
