DSM-5 Summaries 1
DSM-5 Summaries Assignment
Author Note
Melissa Gordon
Department of Counselor Education and Family Studies, Liberty University
I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Melissa Gordon
Email: mgordon51@liberty.edu
Liberty University, Department of Counselor Education and Family Studies
DSM-5 Summaries 2
All of the following information was taken from the Diagnostic and Static Manual 5th
Edition (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) unless otherwise noted.
Bipolar and Related Disorders
Overview
These psychological conditions have varied episodes of manic or hypomanic like
conditions often followed by periods of depression. The level of severity and length of time
depends on the person and particular diagnosis. The common symptom of each type of
prognosis is presenting an exalted, grandiose, or frustrated mood, usually to the extent of being
manic or hypomanic.
Disorders
There are many disorders in this category having features that differentiate them from
each other. As various criteria are explained, please note most conditions have a particular time
frame benchmarks of symptoms to qualify. Bipolar I constitute a condition with a manic episode
followed by hypomanic or depressive phase. Bipolar II is hypomania followed by major
depression. Cyclothymic disorders have symptoms of hypomania and depression, but do not
meet the criteria for an episode. Substance/Medicated-Induced Bipolar or Related Disorder are
elated or annoyed mood, possibly followed by sad or impassive emotions. These symptoms are
caused by substance or medication use or withdrawal. Bipolar and Related Disorder due to
another medical condition are elevated mood changes due to another medical condition being
present. Other Specified Bipolar Disorder and Related Disorders are symptoms particular to
bipolar and causing stress to the patient yet does not meet standard bipolar criteria. Unspecified
Bipolar is a condition where bipolar symptoms are plausible, yet the clinician has insufficient
information most times.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
Bipolar I have social, biological, and physiological risk factors. This condition is more
common in higher income sectors. Also married individuals are less likely to have this condition
than separated, divorced, or widowed individuals. Bipolar biggest risk factor is genetic. Adults
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with a family history of this condition are ten times more likely to pass on bipolar than those
without. These levels are also directly related to closeness of cognation.
Depressive Disorders
Overview
All depressive conditions share a common theme, which are feelings of being down and
desolate. This in turn has both physical and cognitive effects, which often incapacitate those
inflicted with these conditions.
Disorders
Span of symptoms, timing, and causation are the factors that make depressive disorders
vary. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder is a condition affecting children with consistent
temperament issues and moments of major behavioral issues. Time span and where symptoms
occur are some of the primary criteria this condition renders. This is a relatively new diagnosis,
satisfying the misdiagnosis of bipolar in children. Most often these individuals suffer unipolar
conditions in teen and adulthood. Major Depressive Disorder consists of depression or loss of
interest, along with four out of nine other indicators. The person has a changed demeanor for at
least two weeks, all day every day, and has a difficult time in life functions due to this change in
affect. Dysthymia (Persistent Depressive Disorder) is more serious having the major depressive
disorder symptoms for two years in adults and one year in children. Premenstrual Dysphoric
Disorder occurs due to menstruation cycles, and occurs just prior to and a few days in.
Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder coincides with substance/medication use or
withdrawal. Often substances and medication are the core cause of the depressed mood.
Depression caused by the presence of another medical condition is called Depressive Disorder
due to another Medical Condition. There is a direct biological correlation between this medical
condition and the presenting depression. If depression episodes are plausible, but meet no
criteria, they can be categorized as Other Specified Depressive Disorder or Unspecified. The
clinician decides if to notate specification or not.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
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Major Depressive Disorder have social, spiritual, and biological risk factors. Maladjusted
and/or negative individuals are very prone to this. Stress and childhood issues or trauma are
other factors that can cause this condition. It also has a strong genetic predisposition.
Anxiety Disorders
Overview
All these disorders share two characteristics, fear and worry. These features can often
affect behavior and thinking, to the point one is debilitated.
Disorders
Anxiety typically begins in childhood and if left untreated can have remarkable
consequences. Separation Anxiety Disorder is often seen in infants and children. Severe anxiety
and fear are presented when they are removed from those, they have a strong emotional
attachment to. Selective Mutism is defined by individuals not talking or responding when need
presents. This diagnosis is typically comorbid with other ailments present. Specific Phobia is a
fear of a particular situation or object. Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is anxiety surrounding
social elements, such as interactions or observation. Panic Disorder is proneness to panic
attacks. Agoraphobia occurs when certain situations outside can induce immense anxiety and
fear. This condition usually leaves those inflicted home bound. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
(GAD) is a condition defined by multiple events that cause excessive worry for six months or
more on most days. Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder are typically panic attacks
induced by intoxication or withdrawal from substances or medication. A direct biological
correlation to anxiety and a medical condition is termed Anxiety Disorder Due to Another
Medical Condition. Finally Other specified Anxiety Disorder and Unspecified Anxiety Disorder
is anxious symptoms presenting themselves, but do not meet any criteria for an anxiety disorder.
The clinician decides to specify this or not.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
Agoraphobia has a strong genetic under cursor, over 61%. Making this condition have a
strong biological risk factor. Past trauma and stress can often lead to this condition, making this
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condition have a social element contributing to its development. This condition can lead to other
phobias.
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References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental
disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
