CEFS 510
THEORIES C AHART SSIGNMENT
Theoretical
Approach
Founder &
Date
Founded
Counselor’s
Role (2)
Client’s Role (2) Key Concepts
(2)
Therapeutic
Techniques (2)
Multicultural
Strengths (2)
Multicultural
Shortcomings
(2)
Limitations
(2)
Research
(1)
Psychoanalytic Sigmund
Freud
founded the
theory in
1896
{Tan, 2022)
1.To remain
neutral/passive:
mostly listening
2.Encourage the
client to engage
in transference
{Tan, 2022)
1.To become
aware of
subconscious
material
2.To become
psychologically
independent by
working through
issues with the
therapist
{Corey 2021)
1.Structure of
personality (Id,
Ego, Superego)
2.Consciousness
and the
unconscious
{Corey, 2021)
1.Dream
Analysis
2.Free
Association
{Tan, 2022)
1.Stages of
development
apply to all
groups
2. Childhood
experiences are
significant for
everyone
1.Does not
adequately
consider social,
political, and
cultural aspects
2.Could be
expensive,
making it not a
viable option
for some clients
{Corey, 2021)
1.Can be
expensive or
discouraging
due to being
long term in
nature
2.Some of
Freud’s ideas
do not transfer
well into
hypothesis that
can be tested
{Tan, 2022)
1.Psychoanalytic
theory can work
well with a variety
of ages groups.
This article
demonstrates how
knowledge of this
theory can be
beneficial to a
therapist both
consciously and
unconsciously.
{Schmutz, 2021)
Adlerian Alfred Adler
founded the
theory in
1911
(Corey,
2021)
1. To form a
relationship that
is both
collaborative
and supportive
for the client
2. Encouraging
the client to
share through
exploring about
themselves
(Tan, 2022)
1.To be open to
learning about
what Adler
named, “private
logic”, which is
the reasoning we
create on our
own that may
not be helpful
2.Focus on
changing their
narratives
(Tan, 2022)
1.Adler viewed
the order of birth
and relationships
with siblings as a
significant factor
in our personal
development
(Tan, 2022)
2. How a person
relates socially is
of great
importance in
this model; social
1. Evaluating
what Adler
refers to as
“basic mistakes’
during the
lifestyle
assessment stage
2.
Encouragement
is used to help to
believe in their
own ability to
make changes in
1.Uses a
humanistic or
holistic
approach that
considers
social, physical,
psychological,
and spiritual
parts of the
client; can be
useful for
multiple
cultures
1.Has been
criticized for
its superficial
nature,
meaning it is
not as
introspective
when
compared to
Freudian
theory (Tan,
2022)
2.Has not been
This article
demonstrates how
Adlerian theory is
proven beneficial in
a multicultural
context.
Additionally, as
therapists’ study
and practice this
therapy, it assists
with uncovering
their own biases
providing
CEFS 510
identity (Corey,
2021)
their lives
(Tan, 2022)
2. Can be used
short or long
term which
benefits those
who are unable
to do extended
therapy for any
reason.
(Tan, 2022)
studied in well
controlled
studies so data
may not be
considered as
concrete (Tan,
2022)
introspection for
the therapist to
continue educating
themselves.
(Labarta et al.,
2021)
Existential Founded in
the 1940-50’s
with no true
founder but
was
influenced by
several
philosophers
including:
S⊘ren
Kierkegaard,
Friedrich
Nietzsche,
Martin
Heidegger,
Jean-Paul
Sartre, and
Martin
Buber.
(Corey,
2021_
1.To understand
the client’s
perspective of
their world
2.To get the
client to accept
responsibility
(Corey, 2021)
1.Deciding what
they wish to
explore such as
fears, guilt,
anxiety etc.
2.Be willing to
eperin=ment
