Entwistle Review Assignment
Alice Churchwell
Liberty University School of Addiction Counseling
Entwistle Review Assignment
ENTWISTLE REVIEW
Summary
This review of Entwistle's "Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity: An
Introduction to Worldview Issues, Philosophical Foundations, and Models of Integration" briefly
overviews chapters 8-11. There is great importance in understanding different theories and their
impact today. "A comparison of different viewpoints allows for a process of mutual critique that
may help us detect flaws in psychological interpretation or theological interpretation," writes
Entwistle, (Entwistle, 2015, p. 188).
Entwistle (2015) compares models of psychology and Christianity to building models in
his youth or musical instruments in an orchestra. Many pieces throughout Christian theology and
psychology differ, yet they come together in harmony. Entwisle presents six models to explore:
enemies, spies, colonists, rebuilders, neutral parties, and allies. People within the enemies’ group
would take a mechanistic view or a spiritual view but not both (Entwistle, 2005. p. 169) This
model is based on the idea that Christianity and psychology are opposite and cannot be joined.
There are two versions of the enemy model: secular combatants and Christian combatants.
Entwistle, (2020) “These two are more alike than they are different in terms of how they
approach the interface of psychology and Christian theology.” Secular combatants see religion as
inferior to psychology while Christian combatants see psychology as opposed to doctrine and
psychology as unnecessary, (Entwistle 2015). Spies consist of foreign and domestic. These two
will use any means to promote well-being without commitment to religion, if there is any
doctrine it tends to be weak to promote their own vision of worldly welfare. Colonists are those
who are strong in theology beliefs but are also willing to see the significance of psychology.
Entwistle Review Assignment
However, the colonist model cannot be unified. In S, Rebuilders view Scripture as the foundation
and the ultimate perspective (Entwistle, 2025, p. 178). They seek to rebuild psychology with a
definitive Christian standpoint. Neutral parties attempt more of a bond between theology and
Christianity. They place value on both and tend to appreciate each but overall, this theory views
psychology and theology as unrelated (Entwistle, 2015). Allies join the union of religion and
psychology to construct further insight and gain new knowledge. Allies highlight that people
should conduct themselves in such a way as to glorify God. This model believes that both
Christianity and psychology should unite and be a hearty and positive influence on humankind.
Interact
At initial exposure to this text, I was drawn to it spiritually. However, upon continuing to
read, I felt overwhelmed with theories and how they would become relevant. I highly respect the
models Entwistle presents because I can now understand how these six different models directly
tie into counseling and my professional life. There will be people along my path who may
agree/disagree with any of the various viewpoints/theories explored and explained by Entwistle.
However, I find that I closely relate with allies. Both religion and psychology have multifaceted
advantages and positives. These can stand alone or be connected. Entwistle (2015) writes “a
balance between the importance of theology and psychology by emphasizing that theology
should come first as the source of all truth, God’s Word, and psychology second because we are
God’s creation, and all truth comes from Him.” Scripture supports this: “Jesus saith unto him, I
am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me,” (John 14:6).
Scripture also states in John chapter 1:1-5, “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was
with God, and the Word was God. The same was in the beginning with God. All things were
made by him; and without him was not anything made that was made.In him was life; and the
Entwistle Review Assignment
life was the light of men.And the light shineth in darkness; and the darkness comprehended it
not.”
Application
Experiences shape our daily learning and our viewpoints of the world. These experiences
can be both negative and positive and mold us into individuals that we may or may not recognize
in the mirror. Upon reflection, we can discover who we are and who we want to be. The ACA
Code of Ethics (2014) states its mission as this: “The mission of the American Counseling
Association is to enhance the quality of life in society by promoting the development of
professional counselors, advancing the counseling profession, and using the profession and
practice of counseling to promote respect for human dignity and diversity.” We will embrace
different worldviews daily, but we must put our worldview aside to promote the well-being of
the client. It is our primary purpose as a counselor (ACA Code of Ethics, 2014). “A.4.b. Personal
Values: Counselors are aware of—and avoid imposing—their own values, attitudes, beliefs, and
behaviors. Counselors respect the diversity of clients, trainees, and research participants and seek
training in areas in which they are at risk of imposing their values onto clients, especially when
the counselor’s values are inconsistent with the client’s goals or are discriminatory in nature,
ACA, 2014).
According to a study by (Young K.GKim, Ph.D.G(2020), “Findings show students at
Christian colleges and universities generally report “growth/development” or positive change” in
their critical thinking and perceived importance of worldview development over the college
years.” I concur with these findings through my own personal growth over the last few weeks.
This college experience including Entwistle’s models presented, exposure to ACA Ethics,
Entwistle Review Assignment
professional responsibilities, and my worldview reflection have all added to my personal and
spiritual growth. This has been an immeasurable positive change for me, and I look forward to
my continued growth as a future professional through the avenue of Liberty University.
Entwistle Review Assignment
References
American Counseling Association (2014) Code of Ethics
ACA 2014 Code of Ethics (counseling.org)
Entwistle, D. N. (2015).
Integrative approaches to
psychology and
Christianity, third edition:
An
introduction to worldview
issues, philosophical
foundations, and
integration models.
Wipf and Stock Publishers
Entwistle, D. N. (2015).
Integrative approaches to
Entwistle Review Assignment
psychology and
Christianity, third edition:
An
introduction to worldview
issues, philosophical
foundations, and
integration models.
Wipf and Stock Publishers
Entwistle, D. N. (2015).
Integrative approaches to
psychology and
Christianity, third edition:
An
introduction to worldview
issues, philosophical
Entwistle Review Assignment
foundations, and
integration models.
Wipf and Stock Publishers
Entwistle, D. N. (2015).
Integrative approaches to
psychology and
Christianity, third edition:
An
introduction to worldview
issues, philosophical
foundations, and
integration models.
Wipf and Stock Publishers
Entwistle, D. N. (2015).
Integrative approaches to
Entwistle Review Assignment
psychology and
Christianity, third edition:
An
introduction to worldview
issues, philosophical
foundations, and
integration models.
Wipf and Stock Publishers
Entwistle, D. N. (2015).
Integrative approaches to
psychology and
Christianity, third edition:
An
introduction to worldview
issues, philosophical
Entwistle Review Assignment
foundations, and
integration models.
Wipf and Stock Publishers
Entwistle, D. N. (2015). Integrative approaches to psychology and Christianity, third edition: An
introduction to worldview issues, philosophical foundations, and integration models.
Holy Bible KJV
Young K.GKim, Ph.D.G(2020)GThink Christianly, Think Critically: Faith-Learning
Integration, Critical Thinking, and Perceived Importance of Worldview
Development among Students in Christian Higher Education,)Religion &
Education,G47:3,G273-299,GDOI:G10.1080/15507394.2020.1765068
