BUSI 600 Read & Interact: Schindler Chapter 5
1. Which of the following are common types of target populations in business research?
a. People, Organizations, Settings
2. Statistics are summary descriptors of variables of interest are computed from ___ data.
a. Sample
3. Data used for just classification and order.
a. Ordinal
4. True or False: The sampling frame often differs from the desired population.
a. True
5. Business often build their own ____ communities, through credit and loyalty programs;
admission, ticketing, or membership records; and employee files.
a. Private
6. A____ is a single element drawn from the target population.
a. case
7. All cases within a population is called a ____.
a. Census
8. The population ____ of ____ “is equal to the number of cases in the population belonging to
the category of interest, divided by the total number of cases in the population.”
a. Proportion
b. Incidence
9. The economic differential between a census and a sample is___.
a. massive
10. Data used for just classification.
a. Nominal
11. The sampling frame is a complete and correct list of ___ members only.
a. population
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12. Which is smaller?
a. sample
13. Match the following community-based terms with their meanings.
a. Quality -> Participants will be engaged throughout the research, repeated use controls
are in place so individuals are not participating in too many research projects, fraud prevention
was used during recruitment to the community so sample units are who they claim they are.
b. Replicability-> Parameters that define sample units remain consistent over time, so you
can draw comparable samples over time.
c. Control-> New parameters can be added, the researcher can prescreen with as many
parameters as necessary.
d. Size and diversity-> Sufficient participants meeting the desired parameters are
members of the community.
14. If testing requires destroying or damaging the object, which of the following should be used
first?
a. sample
15. A subset of the target population is called a ___.
a. sample
16. An error related to all of the decisions made in the research design not related to sampling.
a. non-sampling error
17. The economic advantages of taking a ___ rather than a ___ are massive.
a. sample
b. census
18. An unbiased sample is one in which the ___ offset the ___.
a. underestimators
b. overestimators
19. Data used for collection, order, distance, and natural origin.
a. ratio
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20. True or False. Using a sample drawn from a target population will always take less time than
conducting a census.
a. true
21. What is used for an infinite population?
a. sample
22. Which of the following are sources of non-sampling errors?
a. Inappropriate sampling method
b. Behavioral effects
c. Errors in measurement instrument
23. In addition to accuracy, a second criterion of a valid sample is ___ of estimate.
a. precision
24. ___is the degree to which bias is absent from the sample.
a. accuracy
25. The greater the desired precision of the estimate, the ___ the sample must be.
a. larger
26. Match each data type with the appropriate example.
a. Nominal-> Respondent type
b. Ordinal-> Preferred doneness of steak (rare, medium rate, and so one)
c. Interval-> How rated last restaurant experience on a 1-5
d. Raio-> Age
27. Which is smaller?
a. sample
28. If testing requires destroying or damaging the object, which of the following should be used?
a. sample
29. ___sampling is based on the concept of random selection.
a. Probability
30. The smaller the standard error of estimate, the ___ is the precision of the sample.
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a. higher/larger/better or greater
31. What is the formula for the probability of selection for a simple random sample?
a. sample size
population size
32. The relationship between the dispersion or variance within the population and the sample size
is___.
a. positive
33. The limitations of simple random sampling have led to the development of alternative
designs that are superior to the simple random design in statistical and/or economic efficiency.
What are they?
a. Cluster sampling
b. Stratified random sampling
c. Double sampling
d. Systematic sampling
34. Match each data type with the appropriate example.
a. Nominal-> Gender
b. Ordinal-> finishing position in a race
c. Interval-> Temperature
d. Raio-> Income
35. What systematic sampling, how is the skip interval computed?
a. population size
sample size
36. True or False. Using a sample drawn from a target population will always take less time than
conducting a census.
a. true
37. Systematic sampling bias may arise when there is a ___ trend in the population cases.
a. monotonic or constant
38. Only probability samples provide estimates of ___.
a. precision
39. From a practical point of view, a systematic sample is usually treated as equivalent to a ____
_______ sample.
a. simple
b. random
40. The simple random sample is considered a special case in which each population element has
a and chance of selection.
a. known
b. equal
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41. ___ is called for when different methods of data collection are applied in different parts of
the population.
a. Stratification
42. A sample that is ___ more efficient is one that provides a desired precision at a lower dollar
cost.
a. economically
43. The major advantages of systematic sampling are its ___ and ____.
a. simplicity
b. flexibility
44. Which of the following are ways to avoid bias with systematic sampling?
a. Change the random start several times in the sampling process
b. Randomize the target population before drawing the sample
c. Replicate a selection of different samples
45. When there is no difference in intra-stratum variances and when the costs of sampling among
strata are equal, the optimal design is a ___ stratified sample.
a. proportionate
46. When similar cases are grouped within the sample frame, systematic sampling is statistically
more ___ than a simple random sample.
a. efficient
47. Select all that apply.
What problems does area sampling overcome?
a. Unavailability of a practical frame for individual cases
b. High sampling cost
48. Using stratified random sampling, after a population is divided into the appropriate strata,
samples from each strata drawn using a sample.
a. simple
b. random
49. As efficiency goes down, the required sample size goes ____.
a. up
50. Select all that apply
Which of the following are nonprobability sampling techniques?
a. convenience
b. purposive
c. snowball
51. With systematic sampling, how is the skip interval computed?
a. Sample size
population size
52. Convenience samples belon to the ___ category of sampling.
a. nonprobability
53. Click and drag on elements in order
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Place the steps for drawing a stratified sample in the correct sequence.
a. Determine the variables to use for stratification
b. Determine the proportions of the stratification variables in the population
c. Select proportionate or disproportionate stratification based on project information
needs and risks
d. Divide the sampling frame into separate frames for each stratum
e. Randomize the case listing within each stratum’s sampling frame
f. Follow random or systematic procedures to draw the sample from each stratum
54. __ sampling is the most important form of cluster sampling.
a. area
55. When we wish to use more than three control dimensions, we should depend on ___ control.
a. frequency
56. Most populations can be segregated into several mutually exclusive ____.
a. subpopulations or strata
57. With quota sampling, the choice of subjects is left to field workers to make on a __ basis.
a. judgmental or judgemental
58. With a subjective approach like ___ sampling, the probability of selecting population cases is
unknown.
a. nonprobability
59. Nonprobability samples that are unrestricted are called __ samples.
a. convenience
60. A nonprobability sampling technique where an initial group is used to identify additional
population members is called ___ sampling.
a. snowball
61. Any stratification that departs from the proportionate relationship is ___ stratified sampling.
a. disproportionate
62. Select all that apply.
Selection and recruiting answers which questions.
a. how will the researcher select cases?
b. What follow-up procedures will be used to guarantee the case/gatekeeper completes
the research?
c. How will each desired case/gatekeeper be contacted?
d. How will the case/gatekeeper be convinced to participate?
63. Select all that apply
In most quota samples, researchers specify more than one control dimension. Each should
meet several tests. What are they?
a. Have a distribution in the population that we can estimate
b. Be pertinent to the topic studied
64. Getting to participate from each participant/gatekeeper is crucial.
a. informed
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b. consent
65. Select all that apply
Quota sampling has several weaknesses. What are they?
a. There is also a practical limit on the number of simultaneous controls that can be
applied.
b. The choice of subjects is left to field workers to make on a judgmental basis
c. Often, the data used to provide controls might be outdated or inaccurate
d. The idea that quotas on some variables assume a representativeness on others is
argument by analogy
66. Select all that apply
Given the technical advantages of probability sampling over nonprobability sampling, why
would anyone choose the less precise methods?
a. Low cost
b. If there is no desire or need to generalize to a population parameter
c. They are the only feasible alternatives
d. Researchers may be looking only for the range of conditions
67. In the initial stage of __ sampling, individuals are discovered and may or may not be selected
through probability methods.
a. snowball
68. The sampling methodology often has specific __ for drawing cases.
a. protocols, instructions, or directions
69. Select all that apply
Sampling quality is dependent on what?
a. Researchers conscientiously following selection protocols
b. Participant truthfully answering screening questions
c. Researchers using the best sample from available
70. Advocate of quota sampling argue that although there is some danger of ___ bias, the risks
are usually not that great.
a. systematic
71. With quota sampling, the choice of subjects is left to field workers to make on a __ bias.
a. judgmental or judgemental
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