BUSI 511
Annotated Bibliography
(All Group Members’ Names)
Liberty University
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2
Statement of Topic
It is known that all the medical care providers experienced at least one moment during their
career where they had to face difficulties in terms of diagnosis and treating a specific patient.
This calls for desperate needs of improvements. Innovation is defined as the creation of a new or
improved knowledge which has the potential of implementation to the facility and which will
have a positive impact. The medical system is continuously working on improving the quality of
the medical care act by adding innovation periodically. The purpose of this paper is to explore
better this side of the modernization of the healthcare system and also how, why and at what
rates these new elements are spread in the society.
Gulbrandsen, Magnus; Hopkins, Michael; Thune, Taran; (2016),Hospitals and innovation:
Introduction to the special section,Volume 45,Issue, 8 , Pages 1493-1498,Publisher:
Elsevier B.V DOI:10.1016/j.respol.2016.05.010
The article opens my Annotated Bibliography by giving general information about innovations
since understanding them in the medical context can be difficult. The authors describe
medical innovation as being a complex phenomenon which results from the interplay of
several other elements such as technology, medical practice, policies and nevertheless
science. All the empirical studies point out that medical innovations do not stop only at
the level of new services and products.This article further confirms that medical
innovation benefit strongly from the involvement on hospitals in terms with the medical
care providers and with the patient but even so there still might be several barriers which
are mostly caused by the clinicians. Without any doubts, the hospitals represent the site of
battles when it comes to research and innovation paradigms. The article presented above
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1
is supported by the fact that contains latest references with multiple in-text citations
which gives validiy to the statements listed.
Dave A Chokshi,(2018),The Health Innovation We Need,American Medical
Association,Volume 320, Issue 5, Page: 427 , DOI: 10.1001/jama.2018.9545
The second article listed (Chokshi) focuses more on the health care innovation and points out
which are these innovations which are definitely needed in the system. Without any doubts,
innovations represent an omnipresent term in health care because of the many challenges which
need to be reduced. She states that the first innovation we need is in terms of prevention. The
best way to treat a pathology is by preventing it and by investing in prevention programs and
making sure that all the areas are covered by these programs we can expect to reduce many
diseases in the future. Another innovation is to make sure that low-income people will benefit
from medical care. Many Americans are currently uninsured which puts them in a risky position.
The existing programs and also the existing digital tools still do not focus on those patients who
are hard to reach.
Tariq, Muhammad Farooq; Pangil, Faizuniah; Shahzad, Arfan,(2017),Diffusion of
innovation theory: Beyond decision stage,International Journal of ADVANCED AND
APPLIED SCIENCES,Pages 12-18,DOI: 10.21833/ijaas.2017.05.002
The article published by Health affair focuses on the diffusion of innovation. Even though
innovation is needed in the medical system, the only way through which the entire system could
benefit from it is if one entity will be able to learn how to spread from the innovator the other.
This is exactly the point which interests the authors and which he tries to discover more about. It
is stated that successful diffusion can be hard to achieve. The theory of diffusion of innovations
focuses on explaining how, why and also at what rate all these ideas are spread. It is thought that
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1
there are several categories of adapters based on the time when they adopt the innovation. The
first group is represented by innovations, followed by early adopters, the early majority, the late
majority, and the laggards. The innovators are the first one to adopt the changes but they are not
trusted by the general community. The early adopters tend to have financial resources and also
acceptance towards innovations. The early majority first want to observe the innovation while
the late majority are reluctant and want to have clear pieces of evidence of the efficiency. The
laggards are the most conservative as in some scenarios they might never change. This theory
can also be applied to the healthcare system. A group of physicians is more willing to adopt
innovations while others prefer to way to see pieces of evidence from the other hospitals before
adopting it in their workplace. Mostly it is based on the need of the hospital, the knowledge of
the physicians, the desired to upgrade and nevertheless on the financial resource.
