Measure of Turnover Intention
The variable of turnover intention was measured by utilising the intentions-to-stay questionnaire
(Roodt 2004). The questionnaire is made up of 15 items that are measured on a five point Likert
Scale. The expected minimum score is 15 and maximum score is 75
The measures of turnover intention are displayed in Table 4.8 and Figure 4.8. Measures of
central tendency were computed to summarise the data for the turnover intention scores variable.
In addition, measures of dispersion were computed to understand the variability of scores for the
turnover intention scores variable. The following are the results of this analysis: N = 162,
M=43.01, SD=12.49. However, based on the large standard deviation, it looks like the scores
varied quite a bit.
Table:
Turnover Intentions Score
N
Valid 162
Missing 0
Mean 43.0123
Median 43.0000
Mode 27.00
Std. Deviation 12.49943
Variance 156.236
Skewness .074
Std. Error of
Skewness
.191
Kurtosis -1.136
Std. Error of
Kurtosis
.379
Range 43.00
Figure 5.8: Turnover Intention Scores
Research Objective 2: What measured relationships exist between the background
variables (age, gender, marital status and highest academic qualification) and
turnover intentions, personal self-esteem and employee burnout?
Self-esteem
Age and Self-esteem:
Table 5. 9
One way ANOVA between Age and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scores
N
Mean Std.
Deviation
Std.
Error
95%
Confidence Interval
for Mean
Minimum Maximum
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
20-29 16 22.625 3.6492 0.9123 20.6805 24.5695 16 27
30-39 39 23 5.58193 0.89382 21.1905 24.8095
6
29
40-49 64 22.5313 4.82049 0.60256 21.3271 23.7354 12 30
50-59 33 21.5455 6.70863 1.16782 19.1667 23.9242
6
30
60+ 10 23.2 3.61478 1.1431 20.6141 25.7859 19 26
Total 162 22.4938 5.25764 0.41308 21.6781 23.3096
6
30
ANOVA
Rosenberg Score
Sum
of
df
Mean
Square
F
Sig.
Squares
Between
Groups
45.025
4
11.256 .401 .808
Within
Groups
4405.469 157 28.060
Total 4450.494 161
A one way between subjects ANOVA was conducted to compare the effect age has on self-
esteem. There was no significant effect at the p<.05 level for the four conditions/status [F (4,
157) =.401, p= .808
A comparison of the results indicated that the mean scores for the age groups of 20-29,
(M=22.62, SD=3.65) age group 40-49 (M= 22.53, SD= 4.82) were significantly different
compared to age group 30-39 (M=23, SD= 5.58); those older than age 60 (M= 23.2, SD= 3.61)
and age group 50-59 (M=21.54, SD= 6.07). These results suggest that age has no
impact on self- esteem scores. This means increase in age does not necessarily
increase or decrease self-esteem scores.
Gender and Self-esteem:
Table 5.10:
T-Test between gender and Rosenberg self-esteem scores
Group Statistics
Sex of Participant
N
Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std.
Error
Mean
Rosenberg
Score
Male 58 20.9655 6.25473 .82129
Female 103 23.2816 4.38897 .43246
Levene's Test
for Equality
of Variances t-test for Equality of Means
F
Sig.
t
df
Sig
.
(2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
Rosenberg
Score
Equal
variances
assumed
12.299 .001 -
2.747
159 .007 -2.31604 .84321 -
3.98137
-
.65070
Equal
variances
not
assumed
-
2.495
89.160 .014 -2.31604 .92819 -
4.16028
-
.47179
An independent-samples t-test was conducted to compare self-esteem scores
between male and female counsellors. There was a significant difference in the
scores for males (M=20.96, SD= 6.25) and scores for females (M=23.28, SD=
4.38) conditions; t (159) = 2.747, p=.007. These results suggest that gender does
have an influence on self-esteem. Specifically women have higher self-esteem
than men.
