Staffing, Promotions and Employee performance
According to Rowden and Conine (2013), a large part of the workers sense of job
satisfaction and performance can be attributed to workplace learning opportunities they
benefit from. The absence of appropriate and sufficient staff development programmes or
mechanisms may therefore accounts to a large extent for the poor performance of employees
in organizations.
Tuwei et al. (2013) on their study on Promotion Opportunity on Employee Career Change
Decision, The Case of a Selected Learning Institution in Kenya; Thus, the study examined
the effect of promotion opportunity on non teaching staff career change intention in Moi
University Eldoret Municipality Kenya. Herzberg‟s two factor theory guided the study. The
research design was a survey. Individual elements were selected using stratified systematic
random sampling techniques and the sample size determination was based on Nassiuma
method. Data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The specific
analysis methods in the study included frequencies, percentages, spearman correlation, phi
and ordinal regression. The findings indicated that; promotion opportunity had a significant
relationship with non teaching staff career change intention. The findings indicated that non
teaching staff considered promotion opportunity as the critical indicator of their perception
of job satisfaction.
Gathingu et al. (2008), on their study on Effect of Promotion Strategies on the
organizational Commitment of Banking Sector Employees in Kenya, The study sought to
assess the effect of promotion practices on the employee commitment in the banking
industry in Kenya. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from
employees in different commercial banks. The study divided the target population into two
groups, those on contract and permanent employees. The results indicate that promotion had
a significant relationship with commitment for contract (p=0.000) while for permanent
employees, there was no significant relationship (p=0.443).
Opisa (2008), in his study on response of Kenyan state owned enterprises to declining
opportunities for employee promotion, The study sought to determine how' state owned
enterprises were responding to problems emanating from declining opportunities for
promotion and how successful the said responses have been. The population of interest was
all the 54 State owned enterprises in Nairobi that have restructured. A closed ended
questionnaire was used to collect data. For the purpose of showing the relationships among
various responses, quantitative analysis was done using descriptive statistics, consisting of;
percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviations. Further, chi-square test was used to
determine the association between the responses to declining opportunities for employee
promotions on one hand and motivation and retention on the other hand. Findings from the
study indicate that; ensuring good work conditions; enhancing good work relations; giving
annual salary increments and guaranteeing job security are some of the major strategic
responses used by state corporations to effectively deal with the declining opportunities for
employee promotions.
Oguwa (2011) in his study Influence of Employee Relations Strategies on Organizational
Performance: A Case of Kenya Commercial Bank Kisumu Branch, found out that staffing
and promotions, employee significantly influence organizational performance and therefore
various strategies to strengthen these components of employee relations strategies should be
put in place. The sample population of the study included all the sixty of the branch‟s staff
population and the research design was descriptive with instrumentation of questionnaires
and in-depth interview of top level management, sampling design was used in the research
study, data collection was stratified using random sampling since the research was not
dealing with homogenous respondents. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 12
and presented in tables to allow for cross comparison according to the objective of the study.
The study found that staffing and promotions significantly influence organizational
performance.
Manyasi, Kibas & Chepkilot, (2012), on their study on Effects of organizational support for
career development on employee performance: A case of Kenyan Public Universities, The
study sought to examine the effect of university support for career development on
lecturers‟ performance in public universities. It was guided by the psychological contract
theory, data was collected from 328 academic staff drawn from all the public universities in
Kenya using questionnaires. It was analyzed using descriptive statistics and hypotheses
tested using Pearson Product moment correlation coefficient. The results indicated that
organizational support for career development of employees positively affected their
performance in public universities. This support in terms of study leave, financial support
for further studies as well as incentives such as salary increases and promotions on
completion of such programmes enhanced organizational citizenship hence improved
employee performance.
Gaur, Delios & Singh (2007), investigated Institutional environments, staffing strategies,
and subsidiary performance. They adopted and develop an institutional perspective to
advance understanding of how host country environments influence subsidiary staffing
strategies. They propose and find that (a) firms rely more on expatriates in institutionally
distant environments for reasons related to the efficient transfer of management practices
and firm-specific capabilities and (b) the positive influence of expatriate staffing levels on
subsidiary performance is dependent on the institutional distance between the host and
home country, and subsidiary experience. The y found out based on their analysis of
expatriate employment levels and performance in 12,997 foreign subsidiaries of 2,952
Japanese firms in 48 countries.
McCue, Mark & Harless (2003), in their study on Nurse staffing, quality care, and financial
performance, examined the relationship among nurse staffing, quality of care and financial
performance. The study applied a dynamic econometric model to evaluate weather hospitals
that changed their nurse staffing and quality care affected their financial performance.
Sampling 422 for the study, the study found out a statically significant increase in operating
costs when registered nurse levels increase, but no statically significant decrease in profit.
Tuwei et al. (2013) studied Promotion Opportunity on Employee Career Change Decision in
Moi University Eldoret, they focused on non-teaching staff using Herzberg‟s two factor
theory the findings indicated that; promotion opportunity had a significant relationship with
non teaching staff career change intention. Opisa (2008) sought to determine how' state
owned enterprises were responding to problems emanating from declining opportunities for
promotion and used quantitative analysis using descriptive statistics found out that
enhancing good work relations as a responses for the declining promotional opportunities.
Oguwa (2011), studied Influence of Employee Relations Strategies on Organizational
Performance: A Case of Kenya Commercial Bank Kisumu Branch, The study found that
staffing and promotions significantly influence organizational performance. While Manyasi,
Kibas, & Chepkilot (2012), sought to examine the effect of university support for career
development on lecturers‟ performance in public universities, they focused on the teaching
staff, the results indicated that organizational support for career development of employees
positively affected their performance in public universities. Gaur, Delios, & Singh (2007),
investigated Institutional environments, staffing strategies, and subsidiary performance, they
found out the positive influence of expatriate staffing levels on subsidiary performance is
dependent on the institutional distance between the host and home country, and subsidiary
experience. McCue, Mark & Harless (2003) examined the relationship among nurse
staffing, quality of care and financial performance, the study found out a statically
significant increase in operating costs when registered nurse levels increase, but no statically
significant decrease in profit.
The studies covered influence of staffing and promotions organizations. They investigated
the staffing and promotions on productivity in organization, the effect of job promotion
opportunity on non-teaching staff career change, the effects promotion strategies on
organizational commitment, effect of staffing and promotions on organizational
performance and staffing strategies on subsidiary performance. They focused on non-
teaching staff in learning institutions, banking sector, state owned enterprises and on
lecturers of public universities. None of them focused on staffing and promotions in the
public universities for both teaching and non-teaching staff. Knowledge on the effect of
staffing and promotions on the employee performance in public Universities is lacking.
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