When asked how she would describe herself, Sandi responds, "Being a mom
is the most important thing in the world to me. My kids are everything to
me." This is Sandi's ______.
self-concept
The three dimensions of a person's self-concept are complexity, consistency,
and Blank 1 of 1.
Blank 1: clarity
Which of the following are characteristics of a person with high psychological well-
being?
Multiple selves that are compatible with one another and the person's values
Fairly distinct multiple selves that are well established
Employees with Blank 1 of 1 identities typically have more
adaptive decision-making and performance skills.
Blank 1: complex
An old song states, "You've got to accentuate the positive, eliminate the
negative, and latch on to the affirmative." This is most closely associated
with ______.
self-enhancement
An individual's self-beliefs and self-evaluations refer to his or her ______.
self-concept
The concept that we want people to see us as we see ourselves is referred to
as ______.
self-verification
Which characteristic refers to the degree to which a person’s self-concept is
clear, confidently defined, and stable?
Clarity
The concept of self-evaluation is composed of three elements: self-esteem,
locus of control, and ______.
self-efficacy
Which of the following statements are true about people who are unsure of
their self-views?
They feel more threatened by social forces that undermine their self-
confidence.
They are more easily influenced by others.
They experience more stress when making decisions.
Johanna feels good about herself. She believes she is a caring person, a good
mother, and a trustworthy employee. Johanna has high ______.
self-esteem
Which of the following traits are common among people who define
themselves mainly by their work?
Better performance
Low turnover
Low absenteeism
Our tendency to take a positive view of ourselves is referred to as ______.
self-enhancement
______ occurs when we look for feedback from others that supports the way
that we see ourselves, even if it isn't necessarily flattering.
Self-verification
Self-evaluation is mostly defined by three elements: self-esteem, self-
efficacy, and ______.
locus of control
Even though Lucinda has received good performance reviews from her boss,
she is plagued with self-doubt and worries that she doesn't have the
knowledge or experience to do her job well. Lucinda has low ______.
self-efficacy
______ can be described as a person's overall sense of self-worth or personal
value.
Self-esteem
______ refers to an individual's belief about whether outcomes are the result
of what they do or are determined by events or forces outside of their
control.
Locus of control
______ identity, or internal self-concept, is derived from an individual's unique
attributes, whereas ______ identity, or external self-concept, results from
association with other people.
Personal; social
The "can do" facet of our personality is referred to as ______.
self-efficacy
The theory that suggests we define ourselves by the groups to which we
belong or to which we have an emotional attachment is ______ theory.
social identity
Elena failed her last test. She blamed it on the fact that the test was unfair
and the room was too noisy for her to concentrate, not that she didn't study
for the test. What is Elena exhibiting?
An external locus of control
______ is the process of receiving information about and making sense of the
world around us.
Perception
A recent study showed that 8 out of 10 drivers rated themselves as above-
average drivers. This is likely the result of ______.
self-enhancement
You hear an old song on the radio and suddenly remember where you were
and what you were doing when the song was popular. This is because your
brain attached a(n) ______ to the song.
emotional marker
Laura is very proud of the fact that she is the first person in her family to
earn a college degree. This distinction is part of Laura's ______ identity.
Personal
A doctor believes that there are more ER admissions when there is a full
moon. She notices when the ER is busy during a full moon but doesn't pay
attention to other nights when the ER is just as crowded. This is an example
of ______.
confirmation bias
University of Iowa alumni Tyler proudly sports a bumper sticker on his car
that reads, "It's great to be a Hawkeye!" His emotional attachment to the
University of Iowa would be an example of ______.
social identity theory
You see a group of young adults standing outside of a church on Sunday
morning and assume that they have just come from Sunday services. This is
an example of ______.
categorical thinking
Jolene believes that "luck happens": she thinks that the outcome of her life is
beyond her control. Jolene has a(n) Blank 1 of 1 locus of control.
Blank 1: external
The process through which we receive stimuli from the external environment
and organize and interpret them is known as ______.
Perception
Images, representations or ideas of how we perceive and understand the
world around us, are known as ______.
mental models
On a busy highway, you suddenly become aware of the flashing lights and
siren of a fire engine behind you. This is an example of ______.
selective attention
Selective thinking in which you tend to notice what is consistent with your
beliefs and ignore what contracts them is referred to as ______.
confirmation bias
As part of the perceptual process, we put people and objects into
preconceived categories that are stored in our long-term memory. This
process is known as ______.
categorical thinking
Lakeisha believes that all men are poor listeners. This is an example of
______.
stereotyping
True or false: Social identity is a comparative process that involves
categorizing people into distinct groups.
True
Which of the following statements is true regarding mental models?
They are internal representations of the external world.
The ability to focus attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out other
stimuli is referred to as ______.
selective attention
Our tendency to think that people within a certain group are similar to one
another is referred to as ______.
homogenization
Assigning the perceived attributes of a group to individuals belonging to that
group is referred to as ______.
Stereotyping
Assigning more favorable characteristics to people in the groups to which we
belong than to people in other groups is referred to as ______.
differentiation
Which foundation of stereotyping describes removing a person’s individuality
and, instead,seeing him or her as a prototypical representative of a particular
group?
Categorization
George does not want to hire a female candidate for a management position
because he believes women are less effective managers than men. This is
______.
Prejudice
An example of a stereotype Blank 1 of 1 would be a situation in which
a woman performs worse on a math test because she is sensitized to the generally
false but widely held belief that women perform worse than men in math.
Blank 1: threat.
Alexis assumes that people who live in Utah are Mormons. This is an example
of ______.
Homogenization
Jenna is convinced that the students in her study group are better organized
and more disciplined than other study groups in class. This is an example of
______.
Differentiation
Holding unfounded negative attitudes toward people belonging to a
particularly stereotyped group is referred to as ______.
Prejudice
Intentional discrimination, or Blank 1 of 1, occurs when people hold
unfounded negative attitudes toward people belonging to a particular stereotyped
group.
Blank 1: prejudice
Which term describes people who are so concerned about a negative
stereotype of the group to which they belong that they end up displaying
that stereotype trait?
Stereotype threat
The process through which we determine the cause of our behavior and that
of other people is referred to as ______.
the attribution process
When Alec aced his first test, he was convinced it was because he is smart
and dedicated to his schoolwork. When he failed the second test, he blamed
it on a poorly written test. This is an example of the ______.
self-serving bias
Employers who rely on stereotypes to establish notions of the "ideal" person
for a specific job role would be an example of ______.
unintentional discrimination
The tendency to attribute the behavior of others based on internal factors,
such as motivation, more than external factors is referred to as ______.
the fundamental attribution error
The Blank 1 of 1 process involves deciding whether an event is caused
by internal factors or by the environment.
Blank 1: attribution
The ______ occurs when our expectations about another person cause him or
her to act in a way that is consistent with those expectations.
self-fulfilling prophecy
Our tendency to attribute our failures to external causes while believing that
our successes are due to internal causes is known as the ______.
self-serving bias
The self-fulfilling prophecy is most likely to occur ______.
at the beginning of a relationship between the supervisor and employee
True or false: Focusing on positive rather than negative aspects of life has
little impact on organizational success or individual well-being.
False
The process that describes how we develop causal explanations for
behaviors or outcomes is referred to as ______.
Attribution
Which of the following illustrates the first step in the self-fulfilling prophecy?
The supervisor forms certain expectations about the employee's
performance.
The self-fulfilling prophecy effect is stronger when ______.
multiple people hold the same expectations of the employee
The philosophy of positive organizational behavior suggests that ______.
focusing on positive rather than negative aspects improves success and
employee well-being
The Blank 1 of 1 effect occurs when one predominant characteristic of
a person distorts our general impression of him or her.
Blank 1: halo
Which of the following describes the fundamental attribution error?
We tend to believe that another person's behavior is due to internal factors
rather than external causes.
The ______ effect is also called the similar-to-me effect.
false-consensus
Despite the fact that he has performed well for most of the year, an employee's
annual performance review is heavily influenced by his poor attendance during the
past month. This is due to the Blank 1 of 1 effect.
Blank 1: recency
Anne's boss notices how positive and upbeat she is at work every day and
thinks that she is an ideal employee. He fails to notice that she often doesn't
complete her work on time. This is an example of the ______ effect.
Halo
Many human resources managers report that a decision to hire an individual
is made within the first 3 to 5 minutes of an interview. This is largely the
result of the ______ effect.
Primacy
Which of the following is used to address discrimination by making people
aware of systemic discrimination and prejudices that occur through
stereotyping?
Diversity training
Bella was frustrated with her organizational behavior class and thought it
was a waste of time. She was surprised to learn many classmates thought it
was the best class they had taken in a long time. This is an example of the
______ effect.
false-consensus
The ______ effect occurs when the most recent information about a person or
event dominates our perceptions.
recency
The saying that, "You never get a second chance to make a first impression"
is most applicable to the ______ effect.
Primacy
True or false: Diversity awareness training programs have been proven to be
very successful in eliminating stereotypes and biases.
False
The implicit association test (IAT) is used to ______.
detect subtle racial, age, and gender biases by associating words with
specific demographic groups
The Johari Window Model divides information about you into four windows: hidden,
unknown, blind, and Blank 1 of 1 areas.
Blank 1: open
Which of the following is true regarding contact hypothesis?
People who interact with each other will be less prejudiced or perceptually
biased toward each other.
Understanding and being sensitive to the feelings, thoughts, and situations
of others is known as ______.
Empathy
True or false: The Implicit Association Test (IAT) attempts to detect people's
stereotypes and prejudices by associating positive and negative words with
specific demographic groups.
True
Which of the following is a model of self-awareness and mutual
understanding that divides information about you into four areas: open,
blind, hidden, and unknown?
Johari Window Model
Which of the following statements is true about developing a global mindset?
It begins with self-awareness of one's own beliefs, values, and attitudes.
Which of the following statements is true regarding meaningful interaction?
It is founded on the contact hypothesis.
Tyrone is a sympathetic listener and seems to have an innate ability to
understand what the other person is experiencing. Tyrone has a high level of
______.
Empathy
The ______ area in the Johari Window refers to information that is known to
you but not to others.
Hidden
An individual's ability to perceive, know about, and process information
across cultures is referred to as ______.
a global mindset
True or false: A global mindset can be developed only through immersion in
another culture.
False
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