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Concepts and Terms [ BUSI 240 - Document Six]
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Concepts and Terms
BUSI 240
Document Six
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Concepts and Terms [ BUSI 240 - Document Six]
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False-Consensus Effect
a perceptual error in which we overestimate the extent to which others have beliefs and
characteristics similar to our own
Fundamental Attribution Error
the tendency to see the person rather than the situation as the main cause of that person's
behavior
Global Mindset
an individual's ability to perceive, appreciate and empathize with people from other cultures, and
to process complex cross-cultural information
Halo Effect
a perceptual error whereby our general impression of a person, usually based on one prominent
characteristic, colors our perception of other characteristics of them
Johari Window
a model of mutual understanding that encourages disclosure and feedback to increase out own
open area and reduce the blind, hidden, unknown areas
Locus of Control
a person's general belief about the sum of control he or she has over personal life events
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Mental Models
knowledge structures that we develop to describe, explain, and predict the world around us
Perception
the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us
Positive Organizational Behavior
a perspective of organizational behavior that focuses on building positive qualities and traits
within individuals or institutions as opposed to focusing on what is wrong with them
Primacy Effect
a perceptual error in which we quickly form an opinion of people based on the first information
you receive about them
Recency Effect
a perceptual error in which the most recent information dominates our perception of others
Selective Attention
the process of attending to some information received by our senses and ignoring other
information
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Self-Concept
an individuals self-beliefs and self-evaluations
Self-Efficacy
a person's belief that he or she has the ability, motivation, correct role perceptions, and favorable
situation to complete a task successfully
Self-Enhancement
a person's inherent motivation to have a positive self-concept (and to have others perceive them
favorably) such as being competent, attractive, lucky, ethical, and important
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
the perceptual process in which our expectations about another person cause that person to act
consistently with those expectations
Self-Serving Bias
the tendency to attribute out favorable outcomes to internal factors and our failures to external
factors
Self-Verification
a person's inherent motivation to confirm and maintain his or her existing self-concept
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Social Identity Theory
a theory stating that people define themselves by the groups to which they belong or have an
emotional attachment
Stereotype Threat
an individual's concern about confirming a negative stereotype about his or her group
Stereotyping
the process of assigning traits to people based on their membership in a social category
Affective Organizational Commitment
an individual's emotional attachment to, involvement in, and identification with an organization
Attitudes
the cluster of beliefs, assessed feelings, and behavioral intentions toward a person, object, or
event
Cognitive Dissonance
an emotional experience caused by a perception that our beliefs, feelings, and behaviors are
incongruent with one another
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Continuance Commitment
an individual's calculative attachment to an organization
