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Concepts and Terms [ BUSI 240 - Document Nine]
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Concepts and Terms
BUSI 240
Document Nine
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Concepts and Terms [ BUSI 240 - Document Nine]
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Procedural Justice
refers to the fairness of the procedures used to decide the distribution of resources
Equity Theory
a theory explaining how people develop perceptions of fairness in the distribution and exchange
of resources
Equality Principle
everyone in the group should receive the same outcomes
Need Principle
those with the greatest need should receive more outcomes than those with less of a need
Equity Principle
people should get paid in proportion to their contribution
Inequity Tension
when people experience conflicting emotions because they feel under or over rewarded
Self-Concept
an individual's self-beliefs and self-evaluations
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Concepts and Terms [ BUSI 240 - Document Nine]
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Self-Enhancement
a person's inherent motivation to have a positive self-concept (and to have others perceive him or
her favorably) such as being competant, attractive, lucky, ethical, and important
Self-Verification
a person's inherent motivation to confirm and maintain his or her existing self-concept
Self-Efficacy
a person's belief that he or she has the ability, motivation, correct role perceptions, and favorable
situation to complete a task succesfully
Locus of Control
a person's general belief about the amount of control he or she has over personal life events
Social Identity Theory
a theory stating that people define themselves by the groups to which they belong or have an
emotional attachment to
Perception
the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us
Selective Attention
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the process of attending to some information recieved by our senses and ignoring other
information
Confirmation Bias
The process of screening out information that is contrary to our values and assumptions and to
more readily accept confirming information
Categorical Thinking
organizing people and objects in preconceived categories that are stored in our long-term
memory
Mental Models
knowledge structures that we develop to describe, explain, and predict the world around us
Stereotyping
the process of assigning traits to people based on their membership in a certain social category
Stereotype Threat
an individual's concern about confirming a negative stereotype about his or her group
Attribution Process
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the perceptual process of deciding whether an observed behavior or event is caused largely by
internal or external factors
Self-Serving Bias
the tendency to attribute our favorable outcomes to internal factors and our failures to external
factors
Fundamental Attribution Error
the tendency to see the person rather than the situation as the main cause of that person's
behavior
Empathy is both cognitive and emotional, meaning that empathy is about understanding as well
as feeling what the other person feels in that context.
Empathy refers to understanding and being sensitive to the feelings, thoughts, and situations of
others. People empathize when they cognitively transpose themselves into the other person's
place as if they were the other person.
Unlike self-enhancement, self-verification includes seeking feedback that is not necessarily
flattering (e.g., "I'm a numbers person, not a people person").
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Consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness are the three rules determining whether to make an
internal or external attribution.
High consistency exists when the individual's identities require similar personality traits, values,
and other attributes.
