CHILD SAFETY MONITORING SYSTEM

Introduction

Child abductions a major concern in India

IoT based solutions can help trace and monitor children

Analysis of Child Abduction Data

Age and gender significant factors in family vs non-family abduction

Decision tree model identifies patterns in age, height, race etc.

93% accuracy in predicting family vs non-family abduction type

Proposed IoT based System

RFID tags on shoes for identification when entering bus

PIR sensor activates RFID reader when child boards

GPS and GSM modules send location update to parents

Alert if two tags sensed within 3 secs to detect proxy use

Results

System tested with 10 students over 100 trials

PIR, GPS, GSM modules worked reliably

Location updates received with reasonable latency

Proxy use alerting successful during trials

Conclusion

Data analysis provides insights into abduction patterns

IoT prototype demonstrates child monitoring capabilities

Future work to add machine learning for enhanced functioning

Key Highlights

Statistical analysis crucial to understand child abduction profiles

IoT enables real-time tracking and monitoring of children

Combination of data analytics and IoT technology for child safety

Prototype system shows promise for practical deployment

DUAL-BAND SIW FILTER

Introduction

Filters essential components in wireless systems

Substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) enable compact, low-cost

filters

Dual-band filters needed for systems operating at multiple

frequencies

Proposed Design

SIW cavity resonator with two passbands

Curved comb-shaped slots etched on top metallic layer

Slots of different lengths for respective passband frequencies

Results

Narrow passbands at 3.6 GHz and 7.8 GHz

Bandwidths of 390 MHz and 690 MHz respectively

High selectivity between passbands

Low insertion loss < 0.5 dB in both bands

Conclusion

Dual-band filter with compact size and high performance

Narrow passbands with good selectivity

Etched slots key for achieving dual-band response

Key Highlights

SIW enables low-cost, integrated filter implementation

Curved comb-shaped slots generate dual resonant modes

Excellent selectivity and low loss achieved

Compact dual-band filter suitable for wireless systems

COMPACT C/X-BAND MIMO ANTENNA ARRAY

Introduction

Microstrip antennas suitable for modern wireless systems

MIMO enhances data rate and reliability

C-band and X-band useful for satellites, radars etc.

Proposed Antenna

2-element MIMO antenna array

Each element has circular arc radiators

Fed using CPW for wide matching bandwidth

Compact size of 0.48λo x 0.23λo

Results

5.55-11.03 GHz impedance bandwidth

Over 15dB isolation between elements

Peak gain around 5.1dBi

Low envelope correlation coefficient < 0.02

Conclusion

Compact circular arc MIMO array demonstrated

Achieves wide bandwidth covering C and X bands

High port isolation for good MIMO performance

Suitable for modern wireless communication systems

Key Highlights

Circular arc radiators enable size reduction

CPW feeding provides wide impedance bandwidth

MIMO enhances data rate and reliability

Compact, high-performance C/X-band antenna array

PATIENT SURVEILLING DEVICE

Introduction

The patient surveilling device is used for observing the patient’s vital

signs. With the progression of diseases and the lack of sufficient nursing

staff, especially in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), there is a growing need for

automated systems. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly evolving

technology that aids in medical fields by digitalizing nursing care. This

device, connected with sensors, can detect symptoms and relay the

information to the doctor via a server. It can be used by anyone admitted

to an ICU.

Role of Arduino Microcontroller

The Arduino microcontroller, to which the sensors are connected,

continuously reads inputs from various sensors and uses cloud database

for data storage. The sensed information is transmitted to the cloud with

the help of Arduino.

GSM Technology and E-Medicine

GSM technology is used for location tracking and sending the analyzed

report of the patient to the doctor. E-medicine plays a vital role in ICUs for

fast recording of patient details.

Support Vector Machine Algorithm

The support vector machine algorithm is used for analyzing purposes

where the data sensed by the sensor is compared with ideal data. When it

identifies any problem, it automatically sends a message to the consultant

person with the help of the server, potentially saving the patient’s life.

Display Devices

Display devices are particularly useful in medical fields. The display device

must be very accurate because of predicting disease. Generally, LCD

displays are used. The resolution of image is very important. The high-

resolution of ideal information is efficient for further treatment and

diagnostics.

Alarms in Sensitive Care Units

Today’s scenario, most of the health care units are built with audible

alarms. The alarm is a spontaneous warning device which helps in

hospitals to alert and convey messages quickly and effectively.

Related Works

The patient surveilling device collects data from patients in ICUs with the

help of IoT. These information are sensed through various sensors and

help reduce the workload of caregivers while also potentially saving

patients’ lives.

Three Stages of System

The system works in three stages:

1. Biosensors are used to predict diseases.

2. Sensed information is transmitted through a server.

3. ACG algorithm compares all data-dependent graphs to identify

whether an API call made by the executable is either legitimate or

malicious.

ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF STATISTICS

Introduction

Statistics originated as 'science of statecraft', used for

administrative purposes like census.

Earliest examples are Egyptian Pharaohs' census for pyramids, and

Arthashastra in India.

By 17th century, theory of probability developed through games of

chance.

Major Contributors

17th Century: John Graunt (vital statistics), William Petty (political

arithmetic)

18th Century: Laplace (probability theory), Gauss (least squares

method)

19th Century: Galton (regression analysis), Pearson (correlation, chi-

square test)

20th Century: Fisher (analysis of variance, design of experiments)

Indian Statisticians: Rao, Mahalanobis, Sukhatme (sampling theory)

Definitions of Statistics

As numerical facts (Webster)

Aggregated, comparable numbers (Bowley)

Affected by multiple causes (Yule & Kendall)

Aggregate numerical facts collected systematically (Secrist)

Scope of Modern Statistics

Applicable to all sciences, not just social sciences

Affected by multiplicity of causes

Estimation when enumeration not possible

Reasonable standards of accuracy

Systematic data collection for predetermined purpose

Comparability for analysis

So in summary, statistics has developed from statecraft to a modern

general purpose science applicable across disciplines, with major

historical contributions from probability theory, vital statistics, and the

methodologies of regression, correlation, sampling, and experimental

design.

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