Running head: ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 1
Organizational Behavior
Liberty University
Professor David Balch
May 5, 2019
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2
Abstract
This paper talks about the article by Dhir (2019). It provides a summary of the article, the
synopsis of the organizational challenges that are faced and which have been discussed in the
article and the various individuals in companies and the part that they play in organizational
behavior. These individuals include the board of directors, the management and the employees.
In addition, this paper looks at the current view of Dhir (2019) concerning the
organization theory that is chosen by the author and how it relates to the key problem that was
identified, that is, fraudulent activities by management. The Fredrick Taylor theory was chosen
which states that workers and managers must be given better wages in order to be motivated.
Therefore, managers decide to loot funds from the business in order to be motivated to perform
their tasks. Furthermore, it looks at the key indicators which the author has applied from the
theory and relates it to organizational behavior. The author has applied the concept of the
changing nature of work and motivation.
Moreover, this paper identifies the important portions in the article which relate to the
organizational theory discussed. Finally, it provides some recommendations which companies
must implement to deal with the overriding issue of fraudulent activities. These include
implementing stringent controls, ensuring segregation of duties and job rotation and involving
more women in leadership and in the board.
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Brief Summary of the Organization
A relationship exists between the performance of the company and that of the individual
and this is a key challenge to many managers in today's organizations since they have to ensure
that the performance of the employees is at par in order to achieve significant organizational
performance. With the current innovation and disruption in the technology of companies,
matching the performance of the staff with that of the company has proven to be a challenge
(Dhir, 2019). The article provides a literature review and a compilation of empirical studies
which show the characteristics of the firm and these include leadership, the culture of the
corporation and the nature of work which is continuously changing. In this article, the author
looked at the various challenges that the millennial are facing in the current work environment
and how to deal with them. In addition, the article reviews the culture fit and clash of companies
by looking at the commonalities and intertwined differences between leadership and the
management as well as the gradual shift that has occurred in the management-leadership by the
21st century (Dhir, 2019). Cultural change management has also been a serious issue in today’s
organizations. The article, therefore, examines this issue by looking at mergers and acquisitions.
Finally, the author looks at other behaviors of an organization by discussing the reorganization of
groups and teams, the reconciliation of cultures in the company, job redesign, the motivation of
employees, their satisfaction and their performance relative to that of the organization.
Dhir (2019) talked about the nature of work, culture, and leadership which affect the
behavior of enterprises. From the article, it is evident that a relationship exists between the
performance of the workers and the performance of the corporation (Dhir, 2019). Dhir (2019)
suggested that matching the performance of the workers with that of the employees is usually a
key challenge for many managers.
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Dhir (2019) looks at a society without work and suggests that it would not have the basic
coordinates of life which include politics, law, and economics and so on. Apparently, Dhir (2019)
suggested this to mean that work is always essential for any community and thus people must
work to ensure that the community is functioning well. From the article, it can be seen that work
has significantly evolved over the years and today people do not consider work to be only in
formal employment or self-employment, but also things that they do for their leisure. Dhir (2019)
suggested that the nature of work has continuously evolved. Before people could work on a
permanent basis since jobs were there (Dhir, 2019). However, now since the jobs are scarce and
the world population is increasing, jobs have become contractual or for a temporary basis and
this has significantly affected unemployment in world countries (Dhir, 2019).
Still, on the nature of work, Dhir (2019) looked at the role of men and women in the
workplace and how this has changed over the years. The article suggests that long ago, women
were not allowed to go to work since their job was to care for their children and stay at home
(Dhir, 2019). However, work has evolved which has led to many women being in formal
employment as well as representing in the board (Dhir, 2019). Due to the changing nature of
work and women being allowed to lead in boards or represent as the board of directors, the
leadership of companies and their culture has constantly changed (Dhir, 2019).
Leadership has now changed from simple to complex due to the change in the functional
organization structure and the increasing role of women in the boards (Dhir, 2019). Dhir (2019)
suggests that these functional organization structures have increased the performance of
companies as well as the role of workers. Concerning the changing leadership of corporations,
women have been given huge roles in leadership and in boards which has significantly improved
the performance of companies due to the fact that women are seen as innovative, goal-oriented
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 5
and creative than men (Dhir, 2019). From this summary, it is evident that work, leadership, and
culture have continuously changed which have played a significant role in companies and
affected the behavior of many organizations.
Synopsis of the Organizational Challenges
Companies today are facing many challenges which are making them not to function
properly and in some cases, this renders them obsolete. These challenges faced by organizations
usually depend on the nature of work, but there are other common challenges that are
encountered by all companies. Firstly, technological advancements are one of the challenge that
is faced by corporations today (Lee, Mitchell & Mirvis, 2011). Technological advancements are
increasing which has affected the functioning of any company since they have to be at par with
these changes in technology in order to earn an edge in the market. Ideally, technology must be
employed by companies to ensure that they are compatible with the needs of society and they are
cost-effective.
Secondly, the changing nature of people is another challenge that companies are facing.
Today’s environment has been affected by the changing likes, tastes, preferences, dislikes,
lifestyles, need and opinions and thus companies must adapt to this in order to ensure that they
meet the needs of their clients which would help satisfy them better (Lee, Mitchell & Mirvis,
2011). Thirdly, the generation gap is another challenge in today's organizations. Apparently, this
generation gap has made it difficult to determine the behavior of organizations.
Fourthly, competition is another challenge that enterprises are facing. Competition has
significantly affected the profitability of companies since they all fight for the same clients.
Fifthly, economies are deemed to be unstable as well as currencies which have led to uncertainty
in the business world and thus affected the running of organizations (Lee, Mitchell & Mirvis,
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2011). Some factors which have affected companies include exchange rates, interest rates,
inflation, politics, imports and exports factors. Besides, over the past decade, an economic
recession was encountered which affected the behavior of companies as well as their
performance. Companies are still recovering from the global economic meltdown and this has
led to a lot of layoffs. Finally, fraudulent activities have been another challenge businesses are
facing (Lee, Mitchell & Mirvis, 2011). Many managers are increasingly bending the rules and
guidelines of companies which have created loopholes in the systems.
Despite there being many challenges to companies, the major overriding issue is
fraudulent activities since even without technology, a company can still perform well. But for the
fraudulent activities, the management would create loopholes and steal the company’s funds
which would eventually lead to losses. For example, we all know that managers can be
sometimes greedy and thus they would to get more from the company than they are being paid.
They would, therefore, create loopholes in order to steal funds from the company. The key issue
that merits this discussion is that there has been an increasing trend of corruption and lack of
integrity of managers in today’s organizations.
The Various Individuals and What Part They Play
The various people in organizations include the board of directors, the management and
the employees. These people have different roles in companies which have affected the behavior
of firms. Firstly, the board of directors acts on behalf of the shareholders in order to establish the
mission, values and vision of the company; set the structure and the strategy of the firm; delegate
certain roles to the management; be responsible to the various stakeholders of the corporation
and be accountable to the shareholders (Hickman, 2016). Secondly, the management has six
main roles which include planning, organizing, controlling, leading, staffing and motivating. By
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 7
fulfilling these functions, they are able to ensure that the organization is functioning properly.
Finally, the employees are responsible for ensuring that they complete certain tasks in the
company so that they can achieve the goals of the company.
The board of directors poses a challenge in that they may cause conflict between the
shareholders and the management due to the decisions that they make. However, opportunities
arise on the board since women have now been given leadership roles. In this situation,
leadership would help the board of directors to determine what is best for everyone involved.
The management poses a challenge in that they create loopholes in the firm which is the number
one overriding issue in companies today (Hickman, 2016). Through leadership, however, good
managers act out of integrity and report any loopholes in the firm which may threaten its
profitability. The employees pose a challenge in the firm since the management must pay them
salaries and benefits which would ensure that they are motivated. The more and more workers
that a firm has, the more salaries that it will pay out which would decrease the profitability of the
company. One environmental issue that can be considered is pollution. The production process of
most corporations pollutes the environment which is the number one cause of deaths, for both
plants, animals, and humans today.
The Author’s Current View on the Chosen Organization Theory and how it relates to the
Problem
The author takes a look into scientific management by Fredrick Taylor (Dhir, 2019).
Workers are usually motivated if they are offered better pay (Dhir, 2019; Strangleman & Warren,
2008). Dhir (2019) suggests that this theory is losing focus in today's world since it ignores other
factors that motivate employees apart from the monetary reward. These other factors including
being knowledgeable about company matters, positive attitude of management, job security,
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 8
interesting work, conducive work environment, tactful discipline and loyalty from the
management. Fredrick Taylor’s theory focuses on breaking down tasks into various subtasks,
monitoring performance, delegating responsibility, training and developing the staff and
allocating work. This theory is seen to relate to the problem of fraudulent activities in that if
responsibilities are not delegated and the manager is left to do all the tasks, he or she may
become greedy, thus create loopholes in order to steal funds from the company and benefit more
from it.
The Key Indicators that the Author Applies from Theory to the Concept in Organizational
Behavior
Dhir (2019) uses the theory by Fredrick Taylor in order to explain the behavior of
organizations. Here, he suggests that when the employees are given better wages and salaries,
they are motivated to work better and thus their performance improves. An improvement in the
performance of the employees improves the performance of the company which would improve
its performance relative to other companies in the industry. Organizational behavior is evident
here in that better remuneration of the employees leads to better performance of the company.
Despite this, Dhir (2019) does not look into other factors which might motivate the employees to
work harder.
What I Believe are the Most Important Portions of the Article that Tie the Theory
The most important portions of the article which tie to the theory of Fredrick Taylor
concerns itself on motivation and wage rate. The theory of Fredrick Taylor suggests that workers
are rationally motivated if the management pays them better wages. The article of Dhir (2019)
talks about the changing nature of work, leadership, and culture. The changing nature of work is
seen to tie to the theory in that women are now given opportunities to lead in the board and thus
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 9
receiving better wages motivates them to work harder and be more innovative and creative which
improves the performance of the company.
Recommendations
Firstly, organizations would be recommended to have stringent controls which would
prevent loopholes from being created by the management. Secondly, companies would be
recommended to ensure segregation of duties and rotation of jobs. By doing this, there would be
no room for creating loopholes as there would be no time to do so (Tella, Ayeni & Popoola,
2007). Finally, companies would be recommended to involve more women in the board and in
leadership since they are known to be more creative and innovative than men which would
improve the performance of the company.
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References
Tella, A., Ayeni, C. O., & Popoola, S. O. (2007). Work motivation, job satisfaction, and
organizational commitment of library personnel in academic and research libraries in Oyo
State, Nigeria. Library philosophy and practice, 9(2), 13.
Dhir, S. (2019). The changing nature of work, leadership, and organizational culture in future
ready organizations. Corporate culture, Management, Leadership, Job redesign,
Organizational Behavior, Innovation, Change Management, Human Resources, VUCA.
Available at https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2064/
Hickman, G. R. (2016). Real, intended change: business movements? In Politics, Ethics and
Change. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Lee Marks, Mitchell & Mirvis, Philip. (2011). A framework for the role of the human resource in
managing culture in mergers and acquisitions. Human Resource Management.
50.10.1002/hrm.20445.
Strangleman, T. & Warren, T. (2008) Chapter 2 ‘Theory and Work’ in Work and society:
sociological approaches, themes, and methods, London: Routledge.
