Motivation and Decision-Making Exam
In Maslow's needs hierarchy theory, _______ is the lowest level and __________ is the highest level.
physiological; self-actualization
People who have a high need for affiliation make the best managers.
False
Research does not support the two-factor aspect of Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory.
True
Tamara has been putting in a lot of overtime. Her supervisor keeps telling her that she will be rewarded.
To date, Tamara has seen no change in her status or pay. This reflects a
low instrumentality.
Which of the following statements about goals and goal setting is not true?
Goals should be set at a level just beyond reachable "stretch" goals.
In _________ job design, managers change employees' tasks with the intent of increasing motivation
and productivity.
top-down
Which of the following is not an example of a hygiene factor?
recognition
The need for prestige and reputation is part of the need for
esteem.
The three key elements of equity theory are outputs, inputs, and a(n)
comparison of the ratio of outputs to inputs.
Manuel wanted friendly and close interpersonal relationships with his colleagues. According to
McClelland's need theory, this desire is known as a need for
affiliation.
Of the following, which is the most closely aligned with employees' perceptions of distributive justice?
organizational commitment
Mari has been out of work for eight months and is worried about providing for her family. She takes a job
at a fast-food restaurant, even though the position is a step down from her previous job. According to
Maslow's theory, Mari is motivated by ____ needs.
physiological
"How much do I value the rewards I receive?" This question addresses
our valance.
__________ states that motivation is a function of five basic needs that are met sequentially.
Maslow's need hierarchy theory
At Cornet Company, employees and teams had higher performance, greater job satisfaction, and
increased organizational commitment when their managers showed ________ behaviors.
Theory Y
Kelly is a successful attorney specializing in corporate law. While it has nothing to do with her field of
employment, Kelly has always been interested in the history of religion. Using what little free time she
has, she decided to take a course in comparative religion at the local university. She thinks that the
course would be interesting and enjoyable. Kelly is not pursuing a degree in the subject, nor is she taking
the class for a grade. What can you say about Kelly's motivation for taking the class?
She is intrinsically motivated.
Allen makes suggestions to his boss about how the department's performance can improve. Although his
boss always compliments his ideas, he never acts on them. Allen then stops making suggestions. This is
an example of
extinction.
On the first day of class, Professor Simmons explains what the goals of the course are and what he
expects of his students. This represents ______ of effective performance management.
Step 1, Defining Performance,
An example of a(n) _____ goal is when Melissa's manager sets a goal for her to produce 16 widgets per
hour.
objective
Jenna and Martin complete their part of Project Zenith. Their progress is best measured against _____
goals.
task
Janelle filled out a peer evaluation rating form for her teammates in her OB class. She rated everyone as
a "3" or "4" on the 6-point scale. This is an example of ___________ perceptual error.
central tendency
Organizations typically rely on __________ schedules, such as hourly wages and annual reviews and
raises.
fixed interval and fixed ratio
______ is information about performance shared with those in a position to improve the situation.
Feedback
Josh runs into heavy traffic every day while driving to work. Yesterday, he left home earlier than usual
and did not run into heavy traffic. Again, today, he left earlier and avoided heavy traffic. His behavior of
leaving earlier enabled him to avoid heavy traffic and reach the office on time. In which of the following
processes did Josh engage?
negative reinforcement
Morgan, who has been a salesperson for six months, receives a review that she feels is unfair. Her
manager just completed Samuel's review yesterday. Samuel has been a top salesperson for four years.
It's likely that her manager has committed a _______ perceptual error.
contrast effects
Papa Bill's, a local pizza chain, institutes a new compensation policy to increase the on-time delivery of
its pizzas. Drivers are paid an extra $1.00 for each on-time delivery, payable at the next pay period.
However, a review of the policy showed that traffic tickets for reckless driving among delivery drivers
increased by 50 percent since the new policy was introduced. Which of the following best explains why
this reward system did not perform as expected?
The organization was unintentionally rewarding counterproductive behavior.
Negative feedback can have a positive motivational effect.
True
Performance management involves monitoring, measuring, and evaluating, but does not include
providing consequences for employees' performance.
False
Denise sets a goal of completing the literature review portion of her research paper by Sunday night.
This is a(n) ________ goal.
project
Carolyn is a very likable employee. Recently, her boss rated her at the highest level in all areas of
performance, even though in some areas her performance did not warrant this judgment. This is an
example of a ___________ perceptual error.
halo
Which of the following actions does not foster employee positivity?
Focus only on providing positive feedback.
People with high levels of positive psychological capital have high levels of hope, efficacy, resilience, and
optimism.
True
Eileen signed up for a photography class after having seen some spectacular wildlife art pictures done by
a local artist. She is most likely experiencing
interest.
Strategies to increase positive experiences include all of the following except
accept negative thoughts.
Leanne is promoted to manager of XYX Furniture Store. George also applied for the position. He
confronts Leanne, claiming that she is undeserving of the position and only got it because she was a
woman. Leanne explains that she has 10 years of pervious experience in other stores. Leanne is
exhibiting
temperance.
Which of the following statements about mindfulness is false?
Mindfulness requires less effort than letting our minds wander.
Employees who flourish report less stress and more organizational commitment and job satisfaction.
They perform better, and are absent less, than employees who don't flourish.
True
Mary is happy to work in a company that fosters great relationships. In particular, Mary is impressed with
the level of communication on the group and team level as well as throughout the organization. Overall,
her company offers a(n)
positive climate.
____ is the need to have a goal and the determination to achieve it.
Willpower
Negative emotions
are limiting.
____________ is defined as employees' perceptions of formal and informal organizational policies,
practices, procedures and routines:
Organizational climate
Which of the following situations does not reflect mindfulness?
Pat is biking to school when someone cuts her off and causes her to fall. She gets up and starts kicking
her bicycle.
To achieve a climate encouraging positive OB, an organization must foster a specific set of organizational
values, organizational practices, and transformational leadership.
False
Susan, a management major, is taking an overload of classes this term. On a team project in one of her
classes, one of her teammates sees how busy she is and does the final proofreading of the team project
for her. Susan is most likely feeling
gratitude.
_____ creates positivity from situation factors.
Organization climate
_____ is not one of the components of well-being.
Productivity
Stephen is a new insurance agent with an established company. He is nervous at the idea of making cold
calls on the telephone to prospective clients. After thinking through the problem, Stephen decides to ask
his supervisor if he can host a small introductory meeting, inviting local business in for coffee and cake to
introduce himself. Stephen is exhibiting a high level of hope.
True
Reyna is meeting with her supervisor to discuss a project. Someone knocks on the door and walks in,
saying, "I have a quick question." The supervisor keeps looking at Reyna and puts her hand up to stop
the person who interrupted them. This behavior reflects
mindfulness.
Organizations should work to discourage positive deviance in the workplace.
False
Flourishing represents the extent to which our lives contain PERMA—
positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement.
In a self-managed team
leadership responsibilities often shift as members step up.
________ are powerful forms of social control that influence group and member behavior.
Group roles and norms
Carol takes over as CEO of Sandstorm Jeans, a company on the verge of bankruptcy. She institutes radical
changes and eliminates 35 percent of the positions. Even after this, the remaining employees resist her
ideas. This represent the ____ stage; it is a time of testing.
storming
Lana is frustrated with her OB project group. She frequently asks: "What's the problem with our group?
We don't seem to be getting anywhere." This is a(n) ____ function.
task
During group meetings, Patty feels that everyone should have their say whenever the group makes an
important decision. She makes sure that every group member gets the chance to put forth his or her
own ideas during the meeting. Which of the following maintenance roles is Patty performing?
gatekeeper
A commentator will record and comment on group processes/dynamics, while a(n) _____ will evaluate
the quality of group processes.
standard setter
Kelly is a member of the community service group of her sorority. Traditionally, they pick a charity and
run one fundraiser. Kelly suggests a new approach. In addition to the charity work, she wants to establish
a new goal—that the members mentor inner city children. Kelly is acting as
initiator.
Teams are a cornerstone of work life in today's organizations.
True
During a group meeting, Nadia comments, _____. She is performing a maintenance role.
"Let's accept and praise the various points of view."
Trust of character is known as contractual trust.
True
In which stage of the group development process do group members resolve their power struggles so
that something can be accomplished?
norming
Sarah and Bill were recently hired at the local manufacturing plant. Before being hired, they were
interviewed by the team members with whom they were going to work. The team contained members
from various areas of the manufacturing process. As part of the training process, Sarah and Bill met the
other team members a number of times, and learned how to perform several administrative tasks,
including scheduling work assignments for the team. Sarah and Bill's new team is an example of a(n)
______ team.
self-managed
Which of the following is not a characteristic of high-performing teams?
focusing on group dynamics
Meghan is a member of a group that raises money for a homeless shelter. She feels that the group
spends too much time arguing the merits of different fundraisers and needs to make a decision. She calls
for a vote at today's meeting. Meghan has taken on the role of
