1. Scientifically, testable through the scientific method, life is extremely complex, thus
proving intelligent design.
2. Science can only investigate material processes, but a conclusion can be drawn that those
things that were formed by a process that is untestable were formed by a being outside
the physical universe, and Intelligent Designer.
3. Often, the result of using the scientific method in historical science is open to
interpretation, so historical science can prove intelligent design through the interpretation
of the observer.
References
Detwiler, C., Mitchell, K., & Reichenbach, N. (2015). (Custom). Boston, MA:Life by design
Cengage Custom Publishing.
IDquest. (2010, January 26). Are there limits to natural science?: Michael J. Behe, PhD [Video
file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXo4VPJyz9w.
Liberty University. (n.d.). Origins, intelligent design and the public school classroom
[Presentation]. Retrieved from https://learn.liberty.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-42534046-dt-
message-rid-101909846_1/xid-101909846_1
1.Intelligent design theory is considered a historical science because you can observe and
interpret different subjects.
2. Like many areas of science, you aren't able to go back and study how a subject was initially
formed, which doesn't make it any less a science.
3. Life has proven to be complex beyond ever-changing experiments, hypotheses, and theories
presented by natural science, which leads us to know there is an intelligent being that had a hand
in this complex creation.
References:
Liberty University. (n.d.). Origins, intelligent design and the public school classroom
[Presentation]. Retrieved from https://learn.liberty.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-42532941-dt-message-
rid-101909846_1/xid-101909846_1.
Detwiler, C., Mitchell, K., & Reichenbach, N. (2015). (Custom). Boston, MA: Life by design
Cengage Custom Publishing.
1. Because we can observe, predict, and interpret creations of God were indeed created with a
divine intelligence, we can conclude that intelligent design is science.
2. Scientists often with discover material and solid facts never known before, but will still have
no understanding of how this came to be and the science must stop, leaving room for an
intelligent designer.
3. The layers of rock told a story of evolution that was so complex and necessary and timed at
perfectly to lead Earth to it's modern state of intelligence, that had to be orchestrated by God.
1. Intelligent design can be used in science, when researched on how everything in the
universe works.
2. God is the creator of all things in this universe, that scientist research and study to this
day. As well is to prove God’s creation exist to mankind.
3. We study God’s creation on things, and how they work, and observed how they affect the
universe. Scientist can only prove a lot the effect of God’s work.
1. Intelligent Design is historical science because intelligence was used in the creation of the
world.
2. Observation is part of science and the intelligent design suggest that there was an intelligent
design which would make it scientific.
3. Complex information in DNA suggest an Intelligent Design.
1. Intelligent design is scientific, because it is using terms like observational and interpretation is
used through historical science.
2. The intelligent design is derived from the scientific method to discover life's complexities.
3. The presentation on origins, IDs, and classrooms explained, "We see God’s Hand clearly at
work in nature while we are forced to admit that that Hand’s work is beyond scientifically tracing
out."
Detwiler, C., Mitchell, K., & Reichenbach, N. (2015). (Custom). Boston, MA: Cengage Life by design
Custom Publishing.
Liberty University. (n.d.). [Presentation]. Origins, intelligent design and the public school classroom
Retrieved from https://learn.liberty.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-42530122-dt-message-rid-101909846_1/xid-
101909846_1.
1. Intelligent design theory can be scientific in nature when utilizing the historical science approach.
2. When addressing complexities found in nature such as the formation of a dragonfly’s wing, “implying intelligence was
required is a scientific inference based on careful critical observation.” (Liberty University, n.d.)
3. “We can test the ages of two different rocks, for example. But we cannot go back and observe when or how the rocks
formed.” (Liberty University, n.d.) By this logic, we cannot conduct a conclusive experiment on how the first cell in existence
was truly formed either, only speculate, therefor it cannot be ruled out that possible intervention of an intelligent designer
existed/exists.
Citation:
Origins, ID, and the Public School Classroom. (n.d.). Retrieved October 4, 2019, from
https://learn.liberty.edu/bbcswebdav/courses/BIOL101_B12_201940/BIOL101_LUO_8wk_DEV_ImportedContent_20180907042142/M
aster/presentations/Origins, ID, Classroom/index(3).html.
1. Questions regarding the adequacy of certain aspects of Darwin's theory of evolution have
been largely unaddressed in the school system and/or in the science community.
Intelligent design theory, and other possible theories, should be explored fervently to
discover if they compliment, or even replace, Darwin's theory.
2. Several components of Darwin's evolutionary theory utilize historical
methodology; specifically, macroevolution (Liberty University, n.d.).
3. Historical science is considered a scientific approach, hence, both evolutionary theory
and intelligent design theory should be considered scientific (Liberty University, n.d.).
References
Liberty University. (n.d.). Origins, intelligent design and the public school classroom [Presentation].
Retrieved
from https://learn.liberty.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-42528707-dt-message-rid-101909846_1/xid-
101909846_1.
1. Intelligent design is placed in the historical science category (Liberty University). It
cannot be experimentally verified over and over again, but it can be observed in all-
natural things that are in the world.
2. In the intricacies of all living and even non-living things we can see that an Intelligent
Designer had to be present. Though science can only investigate material things and
cannot investigate non-physical things. (Michael Behe, 2010) Everything we observe in
the world is complex, but it is also orderly. If the world had happened by random chance,
then there would be chaos everywhere and in everything. Instead we see orderliness and
complex life forms.
3. Intelligent Design can be seen in the formation of an unborn baby. The intricacy of how
the heart, arms, legs, eyes, ears, mouth etc. are formed. Only an intelligent Designer
could have had a Hand in that, the Designer created each new human unique and special.
(Psalm 139:14)
References
Liberty University. (n.d.). Origins, intelligent design and the public-school
classroom [Presentation]. Retrieved from https://learn.liberty.edu
IDquest. (2010, January 26). Are there limits to natural science? Michael J. Behe, PhD [Video
file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXo4VPJyz9w
NIV Bible
1. The concept of tracing life to a beginning without being able to consider the theory of
intelligent design would make the testing incomplete.
2. Therefore, to adequately and fully test where life came from, one must consider the idea of
intelligent design.
3. Which then means that if intelligent design must be considered in a scientific argument, then it
can be considered scientific.
1. Intelligent design is scientific in the fact that it uses scientific methods to understand “complex
and specified information (CSI)
2. Intelligent design theory makes a testable prediction from observations from the natural
world: that specified complex information will be found (Behe & Meyer, 2018)
3. Only a high power being (God) could have the ability to create such complex lives and the
content within it
Behe, M., & Meyer, S. (2018). What is Intelligent Design?. Retrieved 4 October 2019, from
https://www.discovery.org/v/what-is-intelligent-design/
1. Intelligent design theory follows the 4 steps used in scientific method, being 1
Observation, 2 hypothesis, 3 experiments, 4 conclusion.
2. Making observation about intelligent agents produce (CSI), complex and specified
information, scientist can hypothesis that objects that have high amount of CSI are made
by design.
3. By reverse engineering biological structures, scientists can see all of the parts of their
functions and can determine based on results if was made by design.
1. The scientific method is normally described as a four-step process
including observations, hypothesis, experiments, and conclusion.
Intelligent design starts with the observation that intelligent agents
produce complex and specified information.
2. One easily testable form of complex and specified information is
irreducible complexity, which can be discovered by experimentally
reverse-engineering biological structures to see if they require all
their parts to function. When researchers find irreducible
complexity in biology, they conclude that such structures were
designed.
3. Critics of intelligent design have claimed that although we may
observe through experience that numerous structures are constantly
made by intelligence, we can still argue that they were built by
natural processes.
Sentence 1: The pattern of mutations to be slightly negative, with rare and limited benefits
arising occasionally, is best explained by Genesis’ implication that all life is moving from a state
of order to a state of decay.1
Sentence 2: Darwinian evolution and Design theory are both historical, not empirical, science,
and thus have equal viability as alternative ways to explain the creation of the universe.2
Sentence 3: The complexity and interrelated elements required for a cell to exist provide just one
example of design theory’s viability as an explanation for how complex and interrelated things
could have come about.3
1 Charles Detwiler, Kimberly Mitchell, Norman Reichenbach, . (Mason, OH: Cengage Learning, Life by Design
2012), Section 13.5 Adding in Revealed Truth.
2 Liberty University, “Origins, ID, and the Public School Classroom,” Liberty University Online Presentation.
Accessed October 3, 2019 https://learn.liberty.edu/.
3 Charles Detwiler, Kimberly Mitchell, Norman Reichenbach, . (Mason, OH: Cengage Learning, Life by Design
2012), Section 13.2 Evolution’s First Goal: The Smallest Cell.
Bibliography
Detwiler, Charles., Kimberly Mitchell, Norman Reichenbach. . Mason, Life by Design
OH: Cengage Learning, 2012.
Liberty University. “Origins, ID, and the Public School Classroom.” Liberty University
Online Presentation. Accessed October 3, 2019. https://learn.liberty.edu/.
1. Yes, intelligent design is scientific. Intelligent design uses the scientific method to observe
types of information when intelligent agents act.
2. Intelligent design also uses the scientific method to detect design in irreducibly complex
biological structure.
3. Science can draw conclusions using empirical and historical forms of science that there is
greater designer for the physical world that originates outside of the universe. Through science
and the great designer intelligent design can be explained by an intelligent cause.
Reference
Detwiler, C., Mitchell, K., & Reichenbach, N. (2015). Life by design (Custom). Boston,
MA: Cengage Custom Publishing.
1. Although we cannot observe the original creation of the world, we can hypothesize,
observe, and interpret the data we have observed and come to the conclusion that
Someone must have designed everything (Liberty University, n.d.).
2. In observing that natural selection has no way of consciously adapting an organism to its
environment, a scientist could logically conclude that God must have adapted these
organisms to their environments at creation (Detwiler, Mitchell, & Reichenbach, 2015, p.
467).
3. Although mutations can create a new species, natural selection tends to eradicate
organisms that are on the edges of normality; scientists can conclude that this problem
argues loudly for a Designer (Detwiler, Mitchell, & Reichenbach, 2015, p. 471).
References:
Detwiler, C., Mitchell, K., & Reichenbach, N. (2015). (Custom). Boston, MA: Cengage Life by design
Custom Publishing.
Liberty University. (n.d.). Origins, intelligent design and the public school
classroom [Presentation]. Retrieved from https://learn.liberty.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-42469059-dt-
message-rid-101909846_1/xid-101909846_1
1. The scientific method is a four step process involving: observations, hypothesis,
experiments, and conclusions. Intelligent Design can be quantified by all four of these
steps. A scientist can formulate an observation by looking at the earth and asking a
question. A hypothesis can then be formed followed by an experiment and a conclusion
on the Intelligent Design Theory. These four steps point to the theory being scientific.
2. A researcher can reverse engineer specimens to determine if the content came from
intelligent design by determining if all of their parts are necessary to function. If a certain
complexity is found, it can lead researchers to determine design. This is a scientific form
of research.
3. Information theory and observation about intelligent action in the world can be observed
and reported on by scientists. They consider the evolutionary origin of an organism and
make a conclusion.
1.The Federal Courts argue that “the recognition of complexity is simple observation -
an important part of science”- it is by this very definition that Dr. Behe argues that
“science can observe that there is no known process” that is responsible for life’s
complexities and therefore, “the process responsible for it has to be something
outside of the known universe.”
2) Louis Aggasiz, regarded as one of the greatest scientists of the 19th century and a
founding father of the modern American scientific establishment, as well as lifelong
opponent of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, points to the fossil record as proof
that new forms of life that had not previously existed “pop up from nowhere”
following a catastrophic event that exterminated previous life - which is evidence of
intelligent design.
3) As of 2015, the number of peer-reviewed scientific publications
which seven Nobel Laureates in science had reached 90 and "collectively included
converged on the consensus that complex biological features cannot arise by unguided
Darwinian mechanisms,but require an intelligent cause".
References
Detwiler, C., Mitchell, K., & Reichenbach, N. (2015). (Custom). Life by design
Boston, MA: Cengage Custom Publishing.
Gross, R. [Randall Gross]. (2009. April 11). [Video file]. Science is agnostic
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJpYUxRL_3U.
IDquest. (2010, January 26). Are there limits to natural science?: Michael J. Behe,
PhD [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXo4VPJyz9w.
Liberty University. (n.d.). Origins, intelligent design and the public school
classroom [Presentation]. Retrieved from https://learn.liberty.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-
42382155-dt-message-rid-101909846_1/xid-101909846_1.
Discovery Institute Center for Science and Culture. Peer Reviewed Articles
Supporting Intelligent Design. http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/filesDThe
Federal Courts argue that “the recognition of complexity is simple observation - an
important part of science”- it is by this very definition that Dr. Behe argues that
“science can observe that there is no known process” that is responsible for life’s
complexities and therefore, “the process responsible for it has to be something
outside of the known universe.”
