MCQ mathematical problems related to methods and technologies for
preventing ice formation on aircraft surfaces, along with their answers:
Ice Prevention in Aviation: Mathematical Problems on De-icing and Anti-
icing Systems
1. If an aircraft's wing has a surface area of 120 m² and requires 30 g/m² of de-icing fluid, how much
fluid is needed for one application?
a) 3.0 kg
b) 3.6 kg
c) 4.2 kg
d) 4.8 kg
Answer: b) 3.6 kg
2. A pneumatic de-icing boot inflates to 0.5 cm thickness. If the boot covers 2 m of the leading edge
and the wing span is 30 m, what volume of air is required to inflate both wings' boots?
a) 0.15 m³
b) 0.30 m³
c) 0.45 m³
d) 0.60 m³
Answer: b) 0.30 m³
3. An electrothermal system uses 50 W/m² to prevent ice formation. How much power is required for
a 100 m² wing surface?
a) 4 kW
b) 5 kW
c) 6 kW
d) 7 kW
Answer: b) 5 kW
4. If a de-icing fluid freezes at -40°C and the aircraft is operating at -20°C, what is the temperature
difference?
a) 10°C
b) 20°C
c) 30°C
d) 40°C
Answer: b) 20°C
5. An aircraft uses 200 L of Type I de-icing fluid for one application. If the fluid is diluted to 50%
concentration, how much water is added?
a) 100 L
b) 150 L
c) 200 L
d) 250 L
Answer: c) 200 L
6. A weeping wing system releases fluid at 2 mL/min per meter of wingspan. For a 40 m wingspan,
how much fluid is released in 30 minutes?
a) 1.2 L
b) 2.4 L
c) 3.6 L
d) 4.8 L
Answer: b) 2.4 L
7. If an electrothermal system raises the surface temperature by 1°C for every 10 W/m² applied, how
much power is needed to raise the temperature by 5°C on a 80 m² surface?
a) 3000 W
b) 4000 W
c) 5000 W
d) 6000 W
Answer: b) 4000 W
8. A de-icing truck can cover 20 m²/min. How long will it take to treat an aircraft with 300 m² of
surface area?
a) 10 min
b) 12 min
c) 15 min
d) 18 min
Answer: c) 15 min
9. If ice accumulates at a rate of 1 mm/hour, how thick will the ice be after 3.5 hours?
a) 2.5 mm
b) 3.0 mm
c) 3.5 mm
d) 4.0 mm
Answer: c) 3.5 mm
10. An aircraft has a total surface area of 500 m². If 60% needs anti-icing treatment, how much area
is treated?
a) 250 m²
b) 300 m²
c) 350 m²
d) 400 m²
Answer: b) 300 m²
11. If a heating element uses 100 W/m and the leading edge of a wing is 25 m long, what is the total
power consumption?
a) 2000 W
b) 2250 W
c) 2500 W
d) 2750 W
Answer: c) 2500 W
12. A de-icing fluid has a freezing point of -30°C. If the temperature outside is -15°C, what is the
freezing point buffer?
a) 10°C
b) 15°C
c) 20°C
d) 25°C
Answer: b) 15°C
13. If an anti-icing system consumes 5 kW for a 50 m² surface, what is the power density?
a) 80 W/m²
b) 90 W/m²
c) 100 W/m²
d) 110 W/m²
Answer: c) 100 W/m²
14. A pneumatic boot system cycles every 3 minutes. How many cycles will occur in a 2-hour flight?
a) 30
b) 35
c) 40
d) 45
Answer: c) 40
15. If de-icing fluid is applied at a rate of 2 L/m², how much fluid is needed for a 150 m² surface?
a) 250 L
b) 275 L
c) 300 L
d) 325 L
Answer: c) 300 L
16. An electrothermal system raises the temperature by 2°C per minute. How long will it take to raise
the temperature from -10°C to 5°C?
a) 6.5 min
b) 7.0 min
c) 7.5 min
d) 8.0 min
Answer: c) 7.5 min
17. If ice density is 0.9 g/cm³, what is the mass of ice on a 10 m² surface with 2 mm thickness?
a) 16 kg
b) 18 kg
c) 20 kg
d) 22 kg
Answer: b) 18 kg
18. A de-icing truck can hold 4000 L of fluid. If each aircraft requires 250 L, how many aircraft can be
treated?
a) 14
b) 15
c) 16
d) 17
Answer: c) 16
19. If an anti-icing system uses 75 W/m² and operates for 3 hours on a 200 m² surface, how much
energy is consumed?
a) 40 kWh
b) 45 kWh
c) 50 kWh
d) 55 kWh
Answer: b) 45 kWh
20. A weeping wing system releases fluid at 3 mL/s. How much fluid is released in 45 minutes?
a) 7.2 L
b) 8.1 L
c) 9.0 L
d) 9.9 L
Answer: b) 8.1 L
21. If de-icing fluid costs $5 per liter and an aircraft requires 400 L per treatment, what is the cost per
treatment?
a) $1800
b) $1900
c) $2000
d) $2100
Answer: c) $2000
22. An aircraft's surface temperature is -5°C and the dew point is -8°C. What is the dew point
depression?
a) 2°C
b) 3°C
c) 4°C
d) 5°C
Answer: b) 3°C
23. If an electrothermal system consumes 10 kWh of energy for a 2-hour flight, what is the average
power consumption?
a) 4 kW
b) 5 kW
c) 6 kW
d) 7 kW
Answer: b) 5 kW
24. A de-icing fluid has a specific gravity of 1.1. What is the mass of 500 L of this fluid?
a) 500 kg
b) 525 kg
c) 550 kg
d) 575 kg
Answer: c) 550 kg
25. If ice accumulates at 2 mm/hour in -10°C conditions and 3 mm/hour in -5°C conditions, what is
the difference in accumulation over 4 hours?
a) 2 mm
b) 3 mm
c) 4 mm
d) 5 mm
Answer: c) 4 mm
26. An anti-icing system operates at 80% efficiency. If it requires 6 kW to prevent ice formation, how
much power is actually converted to heat?
a) 4.0 kW
b) 4.4 kW
c) 4.8 kW
d) 5.2 kW
Answer: c) 4.8 kW
27. If a pneumatic boot expands by 0.3 cm and the leading edge length is 20 m, what is the volume
change?
a) 0.06 m³
b) 0.08 m³
c) 0.10 m³
d) 0.12 m³
Answer: a) 0.06 m³
28. A de-icing operation takes 20 minutes for a small aircraft and 35 minutes for a large aircraft. If an
airport needs to de-ice 4 small and 3 large aircraft, how long will the entire operation take?
a) 165 min
b) 175 min
c) 185 min
d) 195 min
Answer: c) 185 min
29. If the freezing point of water is depressed by 1°C for every 1.86% of ethylene glycol added, what
percentage is needed to lower the freezing point to -25°C?
a) 44.6%
b) 46.5%
c) 48.4%
d) 50.3%
Answer: b) 46.5%
30. An aircraft has a total surface area of 600 m². If 70% needs de-icing and the application rate is 1.5
L/m², how much de-icing fluid is required?
a) 570 L
b) 600 L
c) 630 L
d) 660 L
Answer: c) 630 L
31. If an electrothermal system uses 8 A at 28 V per square meter, what is the power density?
a) 196 W/m²
b) 212 W/m²
c) 224 W/m²
d) 236 W/m²
Answer: c) 224 W/m²
32. A de-icing truck can spray fluid at 100 L/min. If an aircraft requires 800 L of fluid, how long will
the application take?
a) 6 min
b) 7 min
c) 8 min
d) 9 min
Answer: c) 8 min
33. If ice has a latent heat of fusion of 334 kJ/kg, how much energy is required to melt 5 kg of ice?
a) 1570 kJ
b) 1620 kJ
c) 1670 kJ
d) 1720 kJ
Answer: c) 1670 kJ
34. An anti-icing system maintains a surface temperature of 5°C above ambient. If the ambient
temperature is -15°C, what is the surface temperature?
a) -12°C
b) -11°C
c) -10°C
d) -9°C
Answer: c) -10°C
35. If a weeping wing system uses 1.5 L of fluid per hour per 10 m of wingspan, how much fluid is
used in 3 hours for a 30 m wingspan?
a) 12.5 L
b) 13.5 L
c) 14.5 L
d) 15.5 L
Answer: b) 13.5 L
36. A de-icing fluid has a specific heat capacity of 3.2 kJ/(kg·K). How much energy is required to raise
the temperature of 200 kg of fluid by 25°C?
a) 14000 kJ
b) 15000 kJ
c) 16000 kJ
d) 17000 kJ
Answer: c) 16000 kJ
37. If an aircraft's anti-icing system consumes 100 kWh of energy during a 4-hour flight, what is the
average power consumption?
a) 20 kW
b) 22 kW
c) 24 kW
d) 25 kW
Answer: d) 25 kW
38. A pneumatic boot system inflates to 0.4 cm thickness. If the boot covers 1.5 m of the leading
edge and the wing span is 25 m, what volume of air is required to inflate both wings' boots?
a) 0.28 m³
b) 0.30 m³
c) 0.32 m³
d) 0.34 m³
Answer: b) 0.30 m³
39. If de-icing fluid is applied at a rate of 2.5 L/m², how much fluid is needed for a 180 m² surface?
a) 425 L
b) 450 L
c) 475 L
d) 500 L
Answer: b) 450 L
40. An electrothermal system raises the temperature by 1.5°C per minute. How long will it take to
raise the temperature from -12°C to 3°C?
a) 9 min
b) 10 min
c) 11 min
d) 12 min
Answer: b) 10 min
41. If ice density is 0.92 g/cm³, what is the mass of ice on a 15 m² surface with 3 mm thickness?
a) 39.6 kg
b) 41.4 kg
c) 43.2 kg
d) 45.0 kg
Answer: b) 41.4 kg
42. A de-icing truck can hold 5000 L of fluid. If each aircraft requires 300 L, how many aircraft can be
treated?
a) 15
b) 16
c) 17
d) 18
Answer: b) 16
43. If an anti-icing system uses 90 W/m² and operates for 2.5 hours on a 250 m² surface, how much
energy is consumed?
a) 54.375 kWh
b) 56.250 kWh
c) 58.125 kWh
d) 60.000 kWh
Answer: b) 56.250 kWh
44. A weeping wing system releases fluid at 2.5 mL/s. How much fluid is released in 1 hour?
a) 8.5 L
b) 9.0 L
c) 9.5 L
d) 10.0 L
Answer: b) 9.0 L
45. If de-icing fluid costs $6 per liter and an aircraft requires 350 L per treatment, what is the cost per
treatment?
a) $1950
b) $2000
c) $2050
d) $2100
Answer: d) $2100
46. An aircraft's surface temperature is -3°C and the dew point is -7°C. What is the dew point
depression?
a) 3°C
b) 4°C
c) 5°C
d) 6°C
Answer: b) 4°C
47. If an electrothermal system consumes 12 kWh of energy for a 3-hour flight, what is the average
power consumption?
a) 3 kW
b) 4 kW
c) 5 kW
d) 6 kW
Answer: b) 4 kW
48. A de-icing fluid has a specific gravity of 1.05. What is the mass of 600 L of this fluid?
a) 600 kg
b) 615 kg
c) 630 kg
d) 645 kg
Answer: c) 630 kg
49. If ice accumulates at 1.5 mm/hour in -8°C conditions and 2.5 mm/hour in -3°C conditions, what is
the difference in accumulation over 5 hours?
a) 4 mm
b) 5 mm
c) 6 mm
d) 7 mm
Answer: b) 5 mm
50. An anti-icing system operates at 85% efficiency. If it requires 7 kW to prevent ice formation, how
much power is actually converted to heat?
a) 5.45 kW
b) 5.65 kW
c) 5.85 kW
d) 5.95 kW
Answer: d) 5.95 Kw
29. If the freezing point of water is depressed by 1°C for every 1.86% of ethylene glycol added, what
percentage is needed to lower the freezing point to -25°C?
a) 44.6%
b) 46.5%
c) 48.4%
d) 50.3%
Answer: b) 46.5%
30. An aircraft has a total surface area of 600 m². If 70% needs de-icing and the application rate is 1.5
L/m², how much de-icing fluid is required?
a) 570 L
b) 600 L
c) 630 L
d) 660 L
Answer: c) 630 L
31. If an electrothermal system uses 8 A at 28 V per square meter, what is the power density?
a) 196 W/m²
b) 212 W/m²
c) 224 W/m²
d) 236 W/m²
Answer: c) 224 W/m²
32. A de-icing truck can spray fluid at 100 L/min. If an aircraft requires 800 L of fluid, how long will
the application take?
a) 6 min
b) 7 min
c) 8 min
d) 9 min
Answer: c) 8 min
33. If ice has a latent heat of fusion of 334 kJ/kg, how much energy is required to melt 5 kg of ice?
a) 1570 kJ
b) 1620 kJ
c) 1670 kJ
d) 1720 kJ
Answer: c) 1670 kJ
34. An anti-icing system maintains a surface temperature of 5°C above ambient. If the ambient
temperature is -15°C, what is the surface temperature?
a) -12°C
b) -11°C
c) -10°C
d) -9°C
Answer: c) -10°C
35. If a weeping wing system uses 1.5 L of fluid per hour per 10 m of wingspan, how much fluid is
used in 3 hours for a 30 m wingspan?
a) 12.5 L
b) 13.5 L
c) 14.5 L
d) 15.5 L
Answer: b) 13.5 L
36. A de-icing fluid has a specific heat capacity of 3.2 kJ/(kg·K). How much energy is required to raise
the temperature of 200 kg of fluid by 25°C?
a) 14000 kJ
b) 15000 kJ
c) 16000 kJ
d) 17000 kJ
Answer: c) 16000 kJ
37. If an aircraft's anti-icing system consumes 100 kWh of energy during a 4-hour flight, what is the
average power consumption?
a) 20 kW
b) 22 kW
c) 24 kW
d) 25 kW
Answer: d) 25 kW
38. A pneumatic boot system inflates to 0.4 cm thickness. If the boot covers 1.5 m of the leading
edge and the wing span is 25 m, what volume of air is required to inflate both wings' boots?
a) 0.28 m³
b) 0.30 m³
c) 0.32 m³
d) 0.34 m³
Answer: b) 0.30 m³
39. If de-icing fluid is applied at a rate of 2.5 L/m², how much fluid is needed for a 180 m² surface?
a) 425 L
b) 450 L
c) 475 L
d) 500 L
Answer: b) 450 L
40. An electrothermal system raises the temperature by 1.5°C per minute. How long will it take to
raise the temperature from -12°C to 3°C?
a) 9 min
b) 10 min
c) 11 min
d) 12 min
Answer: b) 10 min
41. If ice density is 0.92 g/cm³, what is the mass of ice on a 15 m² surface with 3 mm thickness?
a) 39.6 kg
b) 41.4 kg
c) 43.2 kg
d) 45.0 kg
Answer: b) 41.4 kg
42. A de-icing truck can hold 5000 L of fluid. If each aircraft requires 300 L, how many aircraft can be
treated?
a) 15
b) 16
c) 17
d) 18
Answer: b) 16
43. If an anti-icing system uses 90 W/m² and operates for 2.5 hours on a 250 m² surface, how much
energy is consumed?
a) 54.375 kWh
b) 56.250 kWh
c) 58.125 kWh
d) 60.000 kWh
Answer: b) 56.250 kWh
44. A weeping wing system releases fluid at 2.5 mL/s. How much fluid is released in 1 hour?
a) 8.5 L
b) 9.0 L
c) 9.5 L
d) 10.0 L
Answer: b) 9.0 L
45. If de-icing fluid costs $6 per liter and an aircraft requires 350 L per treatment, what is the cost per
treatment?
a) $1950
b) $2000
c) $2050
d) $2100
Answer: d) $2100
46. An aircraft's surface temperature is -3°C and the dew point is -7°C. What is the dew point
depression?
a) 3°C
b) 4°C
c) 5°C
d) 6°C
Answer: b) 4°C
47. If an electrothermal system consumes 12 kWh of energy for a 3-hour flight, what is the average
power consumption?
a) 3 kW
b) 4 kW
c) 5 kW
d) 6 kW
Answer: b) 4 kW
48. A de-icing fluid has a specific gravity of 1.05. What is the mass of 600 L of this fluid?
a) 600 kg
b) 615 kg
c) 630 kg
d) 645 kg
Answer: c) 630 kg
49. If ice accumulates at 1.5 mm/hour in -8°C conditions and 2.5 mm/hour in -3°C conditions, what is
the difference in accumulation over 5 hours?
a) 4 mm
b) 5 mm
c) 6 mm
d) 7 mm
Answer: b) 5 mm
50. An anti-icing system operates at 85% efficiency. If it requires 7 kW to prevent ice formation, how
much power is actually converted to heat?
a) 5.45 kW
b) 5.65 kW
c) 5.85 kW
d) 5.95 kW
Answer: d) 5.95 kW
29. If the freezing point of water is depressed by 1°C for every 1.86% of ethylene glycol added, what
percentage is needed to lower the freezing point to -25°C?
a) 44.6%
b) 46.5%
c) 48.4%
d) 50.3%
Answer: b) 46.5%
30. An aircraft has a total surface area of 600 m². If 70% needs de-icing and the application rate is 1.5
L/m², how much de-icing fluid is required?
a) 570 L
b) 600 L
c) 630 L
d) 660 L
Answer: c) 630 L
31. If an electrothermal system uses 8 A at 28 V per square meter, what is the power density?
a) 196 W/m²
b) 212 W/m²
c) 224 W/m²
d) 236 W/m²
Answer: c) 224 W/m²
32. A de-icing truck can spray fluid at 100 L/min. If an aircraft requires 800 L of fluid, how long will
the application take?
a) 6 min
b) 7 min
c) 8 min
d) 9 min
Answer: c) 8 min
33. If ice has a latent heat of fusion of 334 kJ/kg, how much energy is required to melt 5 kg of ice?
a) 1570 kJ
b) 1620 kJ
c) 1670 kJ
d) 1720 kJ
Answer: c) 1670 kJ
34. An anti-icing system maintains a surface temperature of 5°C above ambient. If the ambient
temperature is -15°C, what is the surface temperature?
a) -12°C
b) -11°C
c) -10°C
d) -9°C
Answer: c) -10°C
35. If a weeping wing system uses 1.5 L of fluid per hour per 10 m of wingspan, how much fluid is
used in 3 hours for a 30 m wingspan?
a) 12.5 L
b) 13.5 L
c) 14.5 L
d) 15.5 L
Answer: b) 13.5 L
36. A de-icing fluid has a specific heat capacity of 3.2 kJ/(kg·K). How much energy is required to raise
the temperature of 200 kg of fluid by 25°C?
a) 14000 kJ
b) 15000 kJ
c) 16000 kJ
d) 17000 kJ
Answer: c) 16000 kJ
37. If an aircraft's anti-icing system consumes 100 kWh of energy during a 4-hour flight, what is the
average power consumption?
a) 20 kW
b) 22 kW
c) 24 kW
d) 25 kW
Answer: d) 25 kW
38. A pneumatic boot system inflates to 0.4 cm thickness. If the boot covers 1.5 m of the leading
edge and the wing span is 25 m, what volume of air is required to inflate both wings' boots?
a) 0.28 m³
b) 0.30 m³
c) 0.32 m³
d) 0.34 m³
Answer: b) 0.30 m³
39. If de-icing fluid is applied at a rate of 2.5 L/m², how much fluid is needed for a 180 m² surface?
a) 425 L
b) 450 L
c) 475 L
d) 500 L
Answer: b) 450 L
40. An electrothermal system raises the temperature by 1.5°C per minute. How long will it take to
raise the temperature from -12°C to 3°C?
a) 9 min
b) 10 min
c) 11 min
d) 12 min
Answer: b) 10 min
41. If ice density is 0.92 g/cm³, what is the mass of ice on a 15 m² surface with 3 mm thickness?
a) 39.6 kg
b) 41.4 kg
c) 43.2 kg
d) 45.0 kg
Answer: b) 41.4 kg
42. A de-icing truck can hold 5000 L of fluid. If each aircraft requires 300 L, how many aircraft can be
treated?
a) 15
b) 16
c) 17
d) 18
Answer: b) 16
43. If an anti-icing system uses 90 W/m² and operates for 2.5 hours on a 250 m² surface, how much
energy is consumed?
a) 54.375 kWh
b) 56.250 kWh
c) 58.125 kWh
d) 60.000 kWh
Answer: b) 56.250 kWh
44. A weeping wing system releases fluid at 2.5 mL/s. How much fluid is released in 1 hour?
a) 8.5 L
b) 9.0 L
c) 9.5 L
d) 10.0 L
Answer: b) 9.0 L
45. If de-icing fluid costs $6 per liter and an aircraft requires 350 L per treatment, what is the cost per
treatment?
a) $1950
b) $2000
c) $2050
d) $2100
Answer: d) $2100
46. An aircraft's surface temperature is -3°C and the dew point is -7°C. What is the dew point
depression?
a) 3°C
b) 4°C
c) 5°C
d) 6°C
Answer: b) 4°C
47. If an electrothermal system consumes 12 kWh of energy for a 3-hour flight, what is the average
power consumption?
a) 3 kW
b) 4 kW
c) 5 kW
d) 6 kW
Answer: b) 4 kW
48. A de-icing fluid has a specific gravity of 1.05. What is the mass of 600 L of this fluid?
a) 600 kg
b) 615 kg
c) 630 kg
d) 645 kg
Answer: c) 630 kg
49. If ice accumulates at 1.5 mm/hour in -8°C conditions and 2.5 mm/hour in -3°C conditions, what is
the difference in accumulation over 5 hours?
a) 4 mm
b) 5 mm
c) 6 mm
d) 7 mm
Answer: b) 5 mm
50. An anti-icing system operates at 85% efficiency. If it requires 7 kW to prevent ice formation, how
much power is actually converted to heat?
a) 5.45 kW
b) 5.65 kW
c) 5.85 kW
d) 5.95 kW
Answer: d) 5.95 kW
29. If the freezing point of water is depressed by 1°C for every 1.86% of ethylene glycol added, what
percentage is needed to lower the freezing point to -25°C?
a) 44.6%
b) 46.5%
c) 48.4%
d) 50.3%
Answer: b) 46.5%
30. An aircraft has a total surface area of 600 m². If 70% needs de-icing and the application rate is 1.5
L/m², how much de-icing fluid is required?
a) 570 L
b) 600 L
c) 630 L
d) 660 L
Answer: c) 630 L
31. If an electrothermal system uses 8 A at 28 V per square meter, what is the power density?
a) 196 W/m²
b) 212 W/m²
c) 224 W/m²
d) 236 W/m²
Answer: c) 224 W/m²
32. A de-icing truck can spray fluid at 100 L/min. If an aircraft requires 800 L of fluid, how long will
the application take?
a) 6 min
b) 7 min
c) 8 min
d) 9 min
Answer: c) 8 min
33. If ice has a latent heat of fusion of 334 kJ/kg, how much energy is required to melt 5 kg of ice?
a) 1570 kJ
b) 1620 kJ
c) 1670 kJ
d) 1720 kJ
Answer: c) 1670 kJ
34. An anti-icing system maintains a surface temperature of 5°C above ambient. If the ambient
temperature is -15°C, what is the surface temperature?
a) -12°C
b) -11°C
c) -10°C
d) -9°C
Answer: c) -10°C
35. If a weeping wing system uses 1.5 L of fluid per hour per 10 m of wingspan, how much fluid is
used in 3 hours for a 30 m wingspan?
a) 12.5 L
b) 13.5 L
c) 14.5 L
d) 15.5 L
Answer: b) 13.5 L
36. A de-icing fluid has a specific heat capacity of 3.2 kJ/(kg·K). How much energy is required to raise
the temperature of 200 kg of fluid by 25°C?
a) 14000 kJ
b) 15000 kJ
c) 16000 kJ
d) 17000 kJ
Answer: c) 16000 kJ
37. If an aircraft's anti-icing system consumes 100 kWh of energy during a 4-hour flight, what is the
average power consumption?
a) 20 kW
b) 22 kW
c) 24 kW
d) 25 kW
Answer: d) 25 kW
38. A pneumatic boot system inflates to 0.4 cm thickness. If the boot covers 1.5 m of the leading
edge and the wing span is 25 m, what volume of air is required to inflate both wings' boots?
a) 0.28 m³
b) 0.30 m³
c) 0.32 m³
d) 0.34 m³
Answer: b) 0.30 m³
39. If de-icing fluid is applied at a rate of 2.5 L/m², how much fluid is needed for a 180 m² surface?
a) 425 L
b) 450 L
c) 475 L
d) 500 L
Answer: b) 450 L
40. An electrothermal system raises the temperature by 1.5°C per minute. How long will it take to
raise the temperature from -12°C to 3°C?
a) 9 min
b) 10 min
c) 11 min
d) 12 min
Answer: b) 10 min
41. If ice density is 0.92 g/cm³, what is the mass of ice on a 15 m² surface with 3 mm thickness?
a) 39.6 kg
b) 41.4 kg
c) 43.2 kg
d) 45.0 kg
Answer: b) 41.4 kg
42. A de-icing truck can hold 5000 L of fluid. If each aircraft requires 300 L, how many aircraft can be
treated?
a) 15
b) 16
c) 17
d) 18
Answer: b) 16
43. If an anti-icing system uses 90 W/m² and operates for 2.5 hours on a 250 m² surface, how much
energy is consumed?
a) 54.375 kWh
b) 56.250 kWh
c) 58.125 kWh
d) 60.000 kWh
Answer: b) 56.250 kWh
44. A weeping wing system releases fluid at 2.5 mL/s. How much fluid is released in 1 hour?
a) 8.5 L
b) 9.0 L
c) 9.5 L
d) 10.0 L
Answer: b) 9.0 L
45. If de-icing fluid costs $6 per liter and an aircraft requires 350 L per treatment, what is the cost per
treatment?
a) $1950
b) $2000
c) $2050
d) $2100
Answer: d) $2100
46. An aircraft's surface temperature is -3°C and the dew point is -7°C. What is the dew point
depression?
a) 3°C
b) 4°C
c) 5°C
d) 6°C
Answer: b) 4°C
47. If an electrothermal system consumes 12 kWh of energy for a 3-hour flight, what is the average
power consumption?
a) 3 kW
b) 4 kW
c) 5 kW
d) 6 kW
Answer: b) 4 kW
48. A de-icing fluid has a specific gravity of 1.05. What is the mass of 600 L of this fluid?
a) 600 kg
b) 615 kg
c) 630 kg
d) 645 kg
Answer: c) 630 kg
49. If ice accumulates at 1.5 mm/hour in -8°C conditions and 2.5 mm/hour in -3°C conditions, what is
the difference in accumulation over 5 hours?
a) 4 mm
b) 5 mm
c) 6 mm
d) 7 mm
Answer: b) 5 mm
50. An anti-icing system operates at 85% efficiency. If it requires 7 kW to prevent ice formation, how
much power is actually converted to heat?
a) 5.45 kW
b) 5.65 kW
c) 5.85 kW
d) 5.95 kW
Answer: d) 5.95 kW
29. If the freezing point of water is depressed by 1°C for every 1.86% of ethylene glycol added, what
percentage is needed to lower the freezing point to -25°C?
a) 44.6%
b) 46.5%
c) 48.4%
d) 50.3%
Answer: b) 46.5%
30. An aircraft has a total surface area of 600 m². If 70% needs de-icing and the application rate is 1.5
L/m², how much de-icing fluid is required?
a) 570 L
b) 600 L
c) 630 L
d) 660 L
Answer: c) 630 L
31. If an electrothermal system uses 8 A at 28 V per square meter, what is the power density?
a) 196 W/m²
b) 212 W/m²
c) 224 W/m²
d) 236 W/m²
Answer: c) 224 W/m²
32. A de-icing truck can spray fluid at 100 L/min. If an aircraft requires 800 L of fluid, how long will
the application take?
a) 6 min
b) 7 min
c) 8 min
d) 9 min
Answer: c) 8 min
33. If ice has a latent heat of fusion of 334 kJ/kg, how much energy is required to melt 5 kg of ice?
a) 1570 kJ
b) 1620 kJ
c) 1670 kJ
d) 1720 kJ
Answer: c) 1670 kJ
34. An anti-icing system maintains a surface temperature of 5°C above ambient. If the ambient
temperature is -15°C, what is the surface temperature?
a) -12°C
b) -11°C
c) -10°C
d) -9°C
Answer: c) -10°C
35. If a weeping wing system uses 1.5 L of fluid per hour per 10 m of wingspan, how much fluid is
used in 3 hours for a 30 m wingspan?
a) 12.5 L
b) 13.5 L
c) 14.5 L
d) 15.5 L
Answer: b) 13.5 L
36. A de-icing fluid has a specific heat capacity of 3.2 kJ/(kg·K). How much energy is required to raise
the temperature of 200 kg of fluid by 25°C?
a) 14000 kJ
b) 15000 kJ
c) 16000 kJ
d) 17000 kJ
Answer: c) 16000 kJ
37. If an aircraft's anti-icing system consumes 100 kWh of energy during a 4-hour flight, what is the
average power consumption?
a) 20 kW
b) 22 kW
c) 24 kW
d) 25 kW
Answer: d) 25 kW
38. A pneumatic boot system inflates to 0.4 cm thickness. If the boot covers 1.5 m of the leading
edge and the wing span is 25 m, what volume of air is required to inflate both wings' boots?
a) 0.28 m³
b) 0.30 m³
c) 0.32 m³
d) 0.34 m³
Answer: b) 0.30 m³
39. If de-icing fluid is applied at a rate of 2.5 L/m², how much fluid is needed for a 180 m² surface?
a) 425 L
b) 450 L
c) 475 L
d) 500 L
Answer: b) 450 L
40. An electrothermal system raises the temperature by 1.5°C per minute. How long will it take to
raise the temperature from -12°C to 3°C?
a) 9 min
b) 10 min
c) 11 min
d) 12 min
Answer: b) 10 min
41. If ice density is 0.92 g/cm³, what is the mass of ice on a 15 m² surface with 3 mm thickness?
a) 39.6 kg
b) 41.4 kg
c) 43.2 kg
d) 45.0 kg
Answer: b) 41.4 kg
42. A de-icing truck can hold 5000 L of fluid. If each aircraft requires 300 L, how many aircraft can be
treated?
a) 15
b) 16
c) 17
d) 18
Answer: b) 16
43. If an anti-icing system uses 90 W/m² and operates for 2.5 hours on a 250 m² surface, how much
energy is consumed?
a) 54.375 kWh
b) 56.250 kWh
c) 58.125 kWh
d) 60.000 kWh
Answer: b) 56.250 kWh
44. A weeping wing system releases fluid at 2.5 mL/s. How much fluid is released in 1 hour?
a) 8.5 L
b) 9.0 L
c) 9.5 L
d) 10.0 L
Answer: b) 9.0 L
45. If de-icing fluid costs $6 per liter and an aircraft requires 350 L per treatment, what is the cost per
treatment?
a) $1950
b) $2000
c) $2050
d) $2100
Answer: d) $2100
46. An aircraft's surface temperature is -3°C and the dew point is -7°C. What is the dew point
depression?
a) 3°C
b) 4°C
c) 5°C
d) 6°C
Answer: b) 4°C
47. If an electrothermal system consumes 12 kWh of energy for a 3-hour flight, what is the average
power consumption?
a) 3 kW
b) 4 kW
c) 5 kW
d) 6 kW
Answer: b) 4 kW
48. A de-icing fluid has a specific gravity of 1.05. What is the mass of 600 L of this fluid?
a) 600 kg
b) 615 kg
c) 630 kg
d) 645 kg
Answer: c) 630 kg
49. If ice accumulates at 1.5 mm/hour in -8°C conditions and 2.5 mm/hour in -3°C conditions, what is
the difference in accumulation over 5 hours?
a) 4 mm
b) 5 mm
c) 6 mm
d) 7 mm
Answer: b) 5 mm
50. An anti-icing system operates at 85% efficiency. If it requires 7 kW to prevent ice formation, how
much power is actually converted to heat?
a) 5.45 kW
b) 5.65 kW
c) 5.85 kW
d) 5.95 kW
Answer: d) 5.95 kW
29. If the freezing point of water is depressed by 1°C for every 1.86% of ethylene glycol added, what
percentage is needed to lower the freezing point to -25°C?
a) 44.6%
b) 46.5%
c) 48.4%
d) 50.3%
Answer: b) 46.5%
30. An aircraft has a total surface area of 600 m². If 70% needs de-icing and the application rate is 1.5
L/m², how much de-icing fluid is required?
a) 570 L
b) 600 L
c) 630 L
d) 660 L
Answer: c) 630 L
31. If an electrothermal system uses 8 A at 28 V per square meter, what is the power density?
a) 196 W/m²
b) 212 W/m²
c) 224 W/m²
d) 236 W/m²
Answer: c) 224 W/m²
32. A de-icing truck can spray fluid at 100 L/min. If an aircraft requires 800 L of fluid, how long will
the application take?
a) 6 min
b) 7 min
c) 8 min
d) 9 min
Answer: c) 8 min
33. If ice has a latent heat of fusion of 334 kJ/kg, how much energy is required to melt 5 kg of ice?
a) 1570 kJ
b) 1620 kJ
c) 1670 kJ
d) 1720 kJ
Answer: c) 1670 kJ
34. An anti-icing system maintains a surface temperature of 5°C above ambient. If the ambient
temperature is -15°C, what is the surface temperature?
a) -12°C
b) -11°C
c) -10°C
d) -9°C
Answer: c) -10°C
35. If a weeping wing system uses 1.5 L of fluid per hour per 10 m of wingspan, how much fluid is
used in 3 hours for a 30 m wingspan?
a) 12.5 L
b) 13.5 L
c) 14.5 L
d) 15.5 L
Answer: b) 13.5 L
36. A de-icing fluid has a specific heat capacity of 3.2 kJ/(kg·K). How much energy is required to raise
the temperature of 200 kg of fluid by 25°C?
a) 14000 kJ
b) 15000 kJ
c) 16000 kJ
d) 17000 kJ
Answer: c) 16000 kJ
37. If an aircraft's anti-icing system consumes 100 kWh of energy during a 4-hour flight, what is the
average power consumption?
a) 20 kW
b) 22 kW
c) 24 kW
d) 25 kW
Answer: d) 25 kW
38. A pneumatic boot system inflates to 0.4 cm thickness. If the boot covers 1.5 m of the leading
edge and the wing span is 25 m, what volume of air is required to inflate both wings' boots?
a) 0.28 m³
b) 0.30 m³
c) 0.32 m³
d) 0.34 m³
Answer: b) 0.30 m³
39. If de-icing fluid is applied at a rate of 2.5 L/m², how much fluid is needed for a 180 m² surface?
a) 425 L
b) 450 L
c) 475 L
d) 500 L
Answer: b) 450 L
40. An electrothermal system raises the temperature by 1.5°C per minute. How long will it take to
raise the temperature from -12°C to 3°C?
a) 9 min
b) 10 min
c) 11 min
d) 12 min
Answer: b) 10 min
41. If ice density is 0.92 g/cm³, what is the mass of ice on a 15 m² surface with 3 mm thickness?
a) 39.6 kg
b) 41.4 kg
c) 43.2 kg
d) 45.0 kg
Answer: b) 41.4 kg
42. A de-icing truck can hold 5000 L of fluid. If each aircraft requires 300 L, how many aircraft can be
treated?
a) 15
b) 16
c) 17
d) 18
Answer: b) 16
43. If an anti-icing system uses 90 W/m² and operates for 2.5 hours on a 250 m² surface, how much
energy is consumed?
a) 54.375 kWh
b) 56.250 kWh
c) 58.125 kWh
d) 60.000 kWh
Answer: b) 56.250 kWh
44. A weeping wing system releases fluid at 2.5 mL/s. How much fluid is released in 1 hour?
a) 8.5 L
b) 9.0 L
c) 9.5 L
d) 10.0 L
Answer: b) 9.0 L
45. If de-icing fluid costs $6 per liter and an aircraft requires 350 L per treatment, what is the cost per
treatment?
a) $1950
b) $2000
c) $2050
d) $2100
Answer: d) $2100
46. An aircraft's surface temperature is -3°C and the dew point is -7°C. What is the dew point
depression?
a) 3°C
b) 4°C
c) 5°C
d) 6°C
Answer: b) 4°C
47. If an electrothermal system consumes 12 kWh of energy for a 3-hour flight, what is the average
power consumption?
a) 3 kW
b) 4 kW
c) 5 kW
d) 6 kW
Answer: b) 4 kW
48. A de-icing fluid has a specific gravity of 1.05. What is the mass of 600 L of this fluid?
a) 600 kg
b) 615 kg
c) 630 kg
d) 645 kg
Answer: c) 630 kg
49. If ice accumulates at 1.5 mm/hour in -8°C conditions and 2.5 mm/hour in -3°C conditions, what is
the difference in accumulation over 5 hours?
a) 4 mm
b) 5 mm
c) 6 mm
d) 7 mm
Answer: b) 5 mm
50. An anti-icing system operates at 85% efficiency. If it requires 7 kW to prevent ice formation, how
much power is actually converted to heat?
a) 5.45 kW
b) 5.65 kW
c) 5.85 kW
d) 5.95 kW
Answer: d) 5.95 kW
29. If the freezing point of water is depressed by 1°C for every 1.86% of ethylene glycol added, what
percentage is needed to lower the freezing point to -25°C?
a) 44.6%
b) 46.5%
c) 48.4%
d) 50.3%
Answer: b) 46.5%
30. An aircraft has a total surface area of 600 m². If 70% needs de-icing and the application rate is 1.5
L/m², how much de-icing fluid is required?
a) 570 L
b) 600 L
c) 630 L
d) 660 L
Answer: c) 630 L
31. If an electrothermal system uses 8 A at 28 V per square meter, what is the power density?
a) 196 W/m²
b) 212 W/m²
c) 224 W/m²
d) 236 W/m²
Answer: c) 224 W/m²
32. A de-icing truck can spray fluid at 100 L/min. If an aircraft requires 800 L of fluid, how long will
the application take?
a) 6 min
b) 7 min
c) 8 min
d) 9 min
Answer: c) 8 min
33. If ice has a latent heat of fusion of 334 kJ/kg, how much energy is required to melt 5 kg of ice?
a) 1570 kJ
b) 1620 kJ
c) 1670 kJ
d) 1720 kJ
Answer: c) 1670 kJ
34. An anti-icing system maintains a surface temperature of 5°C above ambient. If the ambient
temperature is -15°C, what is the surface temperature?
a) -12°C
b) -11°C
c) -10°C
d) -9°C
Answer: c) -10°C
35. If a weeping wing system uses 1.5 L of fluid per hour per 10 m of wingspan, how much fluid is
used in 3 hours for a 30 m wingspan?
a) 12.5 L
b) 13.5 L
c) 14.5 L
d) 15.5 L
Answer: b) 13.5 L
36. A de-icing fluid has a specific heat capacity of 3.2 kJ/(kg·K). How much energy is required to raise
the temperature of 200 kg of fluid by 25°C?
a) 14000 kJ
b) 15000 kJ
c) 16000 kJ
d) 17000 kJ
Answer: c) 16000 kJ
37. If an aircraft's anti-icing system consumes 100 kWh of energy during a 4-hour flight, what is the
average power consumption?
a) 20 kW
b) 22 kW
c) 24 kW
d) 25 kW
Answer: d) 25 kW
38. A pneumatic boot system inflates to 0.4 cm thickness. If the boot covers 1.5 m of the leading
edge and the wing span is 25 m, what volume of air is required to inflate both wings' boots?
a) 0.28 m³
b) 0.30 m³
c) 0.32 m³
d) 0.34 m³
Answer: b) 0.30 m³
39. If de-icing fluid is applied at a rate of 2.5 L/m², how much fluid is needed for a 180 m² surface?
a) 425 L
b) 450 L
c) 475 L
d) 500 L
Answer: b) 450 L
40. An electrothermal system raises the temperature by 1.5°C per minute. How long will it take to
raise the temperature from -12°C to 3°C?
a) 9 min
b) 10 min
c) 11 min
d) 12 min
Answer: b) 10 min
41. If ice density is 0.92 g/cm³, what is the mass of ice on a 15 m² surface with 3 mm thickness?
a) 39.6 kg
b) 41.4 kg
c) 43.2 kg
d) 45.0 kg
Answer: b) 41.4 kg
42. A de-icing truck can hold 5000 L of fluid. If each aircraft requires 300 L, how many aircraft can be
treated?
a) 15
b) 16
c) 17
d) 18
Answer: b) 16
43. If an anti-icing system uses 90 W/m² and operates for 2.5 hours on a 250 m² surface, how much
energy is consumed?
a) 54.375 kWh
b) 56.250 kWh
c) 58.125 kWh
d) 60.000 kWh
Answer: b) 56.250 kWh
44. A weeping wing system releases fluid at 2.5 mL/s. How much fluid is released in 1 hour?
a) 8.5 L
b) 9.0 L
c) 9.5 L
d) 10.0 L
Answer: b) 9.0 L
45. If de-icing fluid costs $6 per liter and an aircraft requires 350 L per treatment, what is the cost per
treatment?
a) $1950
b) $2000
c) $2050
d) $2100
Answer: d) $2100
46. An aircraft's surface temperature is -3°C and the dew point is -7°C. What is the dew point
depression?
a) 3°C
b) 4°C
c) 5°C
d) 6°C
Answer: b) 4°C
47. If an electrothermal system consumes 12 kWh of energy for a 3-hour flight, what is the average
power consumption?
a) 3 kW
b) 4 kW
c) 5 kW
d) 6 kW
Answer: b) 4 kW
48. A de-icing fluid has a specific gravity of 1.05. What is the mass of 600 L of this fluid?
a) 600 kg
b) 615 kg
c) 630 kg
d) 645 kg
Answer: c) 630 kg
49. If ice accumulates at 1.5 mm/hour in -8°C conditions and 2.5 mm/hour in -3°C conditions, what is
the difference in accumulation over 5 hours?
a) 4 mm
b) 5 mm
c) 6 mm
d) 7 mm
Answer: b) 5 mm
50. An anti-icing system operates at 85% efficiency. If it requires 7 kW to prevent ice formation, how
much power is actually converted to heat?
a) 5.45 kW
b) 5.65 kW
c) 5.85 kW
d) 5.95 kW
Answer: d) 5.95 kW
29. If the freezing point of water is depressed by 1°C for every 1.86% of ethylene glycol added, what
percentage is needed to lower the freezing point to -25°C?
a) 44.6%
b) 46.5%
c) 48.4%
d) 50.3%
Answer: b) 46.5%
30. An aircraft has a total surface area of 600 m². If 70% needs de-icing and the application rate is 1.5
L/m², how much de-icing fluid is required?
a) 570 L
b) 600 L
c) 630 L
d) 660 L
Answer: c) 630 L
31. If an electrothermal system uses 8 A at 28 V per square meter, what is the power density?
a) 196 W/m²
b) 212 W/m²
c) 224 W/m²
d) 236 W/m²
Answer: c) 224 W/m²
32. A de-icing truck can spray fluid at 100 L/min. If an aircraft requires 800 L of fluid, how long will
the application take?
a) 6 min
b) 7 min
c) 8 min
d) 9 min
Answer: c) 8 min
33. If ice has a latent heat of fusion of 334 kJ/kg, how much energy is required to melt 5 kg of ice?
a) 1570 kJ
b) 1620 kJ
c) 1670 kJ
d) 1720 kJ
Answer: c) 1670 kJ
34. An anti-icing system maintains a surface temperature of 5°C above ambient. If the ambient
temperature is -15°C, what is the surface temperature?
a) -12°C
b) -11°C
c) -10°C
d) -9°C
Answer: c) -10°C
35. If a weeping wing system uses 1.5 L of fluid per hour per 10 m of wingspan, how much fluid is
used in 3 hours for a 30 m wingspan?
a) 12.5 L
b) 13.5 L
c) 14.5 L
d) 15.5 L
Answer: b) 13.5 L
36. A de-icing fluid has a specific heat capacity of 3.2 kJ/(kg·K). How much energy is required to raise
the temperature of 200 kg of fluid by 25°C?
a) 14000 kJ
b) 15000 kJ
c) 16000 kJ
d) 17000 kJ
Answer: c) 16000 kJ
37. If an aircraft's anti-icing system consumes 100 kWh of energy during a 4-hour flight, what is the
average power consumption?
a) 20 kW
b) 22 kW
c) 24 kW
d) 25 kW
Answer: d) 25 kW
38. A pneumatic boot system inflates to 0.4 cm thickness. If the boot covers 1.5 m of the leading
edge and the wing span is 25 m, what volume of air is required to inflate both wings' boots?
a) 0.28 m³
b) 0.30 m³
c) 0.32 m³
d) 0.34 m³
Answer: b) 0.30 m³
39. If de-icing fluid is applied at a rate of 2.5 L/m², how much fluid is needed for a 180 m² surface?
a) 425 L
b) 450 L
c) 475 L
d) 500 L
Answer: b) 450 L
40. An electrothermal system raises the temperature by 1.5°C per minute. How long will it take to
raise the temperature from -12°C to 3°C?
a) 9 min
b) 10 min
c) 11 min
d) 12 min
Answer: b) 10 min
41. If ice density is 0.92 g/cm³, what is the mass of ice on a 15 m² surface with 3 mm thickness?
a) 39.6 kg
b) 41.4 kg
c) 43.2 kg
d) 45.0 kg
Answer: b) 41.4 kg
42. A de-icing truck can hold 5000 L of fluid. If each aircraft requires 300 L, how many aircraft can be
treated?
a) 15
b) 16
c) 17
d) 18
Answer: b) 16
43. If an anti-icing system uses 90 W/m² and operates for 2.5 hours on a 250 m² surface, how much
energy is consumed?
a) 54.375 kWh
b) 56.250 kWh
c) 58.125 kWh
d) 60.000 kWh
Answer: b) 56.250 kWh
44. A weeping wing system releases fluid at 2.5 mL/s. How much fluid is released in 1 hour?
a) 8.5 L
b) 9.0 L
c) 9.5 L
d) 10.0 L
Answer: b) 9.0 L
45. If de-icing fluid costs $6 per liter and an aircraft requires 350 L per treatment, what is the cost per
treatment?
a) $1950
b) $2000
c) $2050
d) $2100
Answer: d) $2100
46. An aircraft's surface temperature is -3°C and the dew point is -7°C. What is the dew point
depression?
a) 3°C
b) 4°C
c) 5°C
d) 6°C
Answer: b) 4°C
47. If an electrothermal system consumes 12 kWh of energy for a 3-hour flight, what is the average
power consumption?
a) 3 kW
b) 4 kW
c) 5 kW
d) 6 kW
Answer: b) 4 kW
48. A de-icing fluid has a specific gravity of 1.05. What is the mass of 600 L of this fluid?
a) 600 kg
b) 615 kg
c) 630 kg
d) 645 kg
Answer: c) 630 kg
49. If ice accumulates at 1.5 mm/hour in -8°C conditions and 2.5 mm/hour in -3°C conditions, what is
the difference in accumulation over 5 hours?
a) 4 mm
b) 5 mm
c) 6 mm
d) 7 mm
Answer: b) 5 mm
50. An anti-icing system operates at 85% efficiency. If it requires 7 kW to prevent ice formation, how
much power is actually converted to heat?
a) 5.45 kW
b) 5.65 kW
c) 5.85 kW
d) 5.95 kW
Answer: d) 5.95 kW
29. If the freezing point of water is depressed by 1°C for every 1.86% of ethylene glycol added, what
percentage is needed to lower the freezing point to -25°C?
a) 44.6%
b) 46.5%
c) 48.4%
d) 50.3%
Answer: b) 46.5%
30. An aircraft has a total surface area of 600 m². If 70% needs de-icing and the application rate is 1.5
L/m², how much de-icing fluid is required?
a) 570 L
b) 600 L
c) 630 L
d) 660 L
Answer: c) 630 L
31. If an electrothermal system uses 8 A at 28 V per square meter, what is the power density?
a) 196 W/m²
b) 212 W/m²
c) 224 W/m²
d) 236 W/m²
Answer: c) 224 W/m²
32. A de-icing truck can spray fluid at 100 L/min. If an aircraft requires 800 L of fluid, how long will
the application take?
a) 6 min
b) 7 min
c) 8 min
d) 9 min
Answer: c) 8 min
33. If ice has a latent heat of fusion of 334 kJ/kg, how much energy is required to melt 5 kg of ice?
a) 1570 kJ
b) 1620 kJ
c) 1670 kJ
d) 1720 kJ
Answer: c) 1670 kJ
34. An anti-icing system maintains a surface temperature of 5°C above ambient. If the ambient
temperature is -15°C, what is the surface temperature?
a) -12°C
b) -11°C
c) -10°C
d) -9°C
Answer: c) -10°C
35. If a weeping wing system uses 1.5 L of fluid per hour per 10 m of wingspan, how much fluid is
used in 3 hours for a 30 m wingspan?
a) 12.5 L
b) 13.5 L
c) 14.5 L
d) 15.5 L
Answer: b) 13.5 L
36. A de-icing fluid has a specific heat capacity of 3.2 kJ/(kg·K). How much energy is required to raise
the temperature of 200 kg of fluid by 25°C?
a) 14000 kJ
b) 15000 kJ
c) 16000 kJ
d) 17000 kJ
Answer: c) 16000 kJ
37. If an aircraft's anti-icing system consumes 100 kWh of energy during a 4-hour flight, what is the
average power consumption?
a) 20 kW
b) 22 kW
c) 24 kW
d) 25 kW
Answer: d) 25 kW
38. A pneumatic boot system inflates to 0.4 cm thickness. If the boot covers 1.5 m of the leading
edge and the wing span is 25 m, what volume of air is required to inflate both wings' boots?
a) 0.28 m³
b) 0.30 m³
c) 0.32 m³
d) 0.34 m³
Answer: b) 0.30 m³
39. If de-icing fluid is applied at a rate of 2.5 L/m², how much fluid is needed for a 180 m² surface?
a) 425 L
b) 450 L
c) 475 L
d) 500 L
Answer: b) 450 L
40. An electrothermal system raises the temperature by 1.5°C per minute. How long will it take to
raise the temperature from -12°C to 3°C?
a) 9 min
b) 10 min
c) 11 min
d) 12 min
Answer: b) 10 min
41. If ice density is 0.92 g/cm³, what is the mass of ice on a 15 m² surface with 3 mm thickness?
a) 39.6 kg
b) 41.4 kg
c) 43.2 kg
d) 45.0 kg
Answer: b) 41.4 kg
42. A de-icing truck can hold 5000 L of fluid. If each aircraft requires 300 L, how many aircraft can be
treated?
a) 15
b) 16
c) 17
d) 18
Answer: b) 16
43. If an anti-icing system uses 90 W/m² and operates for 2.5 hours on a 250 m² surface, how much
energy is consumed?
a) 54.375 kWh
b) 56.250 kWh
c) 58.125 kWh
d) 60.000 kWh
Answer: b) 56.250 kWh
44. A weeping wing system releases fluid at 2.5 mL/s. How much fluid is released in 1 hour?
a) 8.5 L
b) 9.0 L
c) 9.5 L
d) 10.0 L
Answer: b) 9.0 L
45. If de-icing fluid costs $6 per liter and an aircraft requires 350 L per treatment, what is the cost per
treatment?
a) $1950
b) $2000
c) $2050
d) $2100
Answer: d) $2100
46. An aircraft's surface temperature is -3°C and the dew point is -7°C. What is the dew point
depression?
a) 3°C
b) 4°C
c) 5°C
d) 6°C
Answer: b) 4°C
47. If an electrothermal system consumes 12 kWh of energy for a 3-hour flight, what is the average
power consumption?
a) 3 kW
b) 4 kW
c) 5 kW
d) 6 kW
Answer: b) 4 kW
48. A de-icing fluid has a specific gravity of 1.05. What is the mass of 600 L of this fluid?
a) 600 kg
b) 615 kg
c) 630 kg
d) 645 kg
Answer: c) 630 kg
49. If ice accumulates at 1.5 mm/hour in -8°C conditions and 2.5 mm/hour in -3°C conditions, what is
the difference in accumulation over 5 hours?
a) 4 mm
b) 5 mm
c) 6 mm
d) 7 mm
Answer: b) 5 mm
50. An anti-icing system operates at 85% efficiency. If it requires 7 kW to prevent ice formation, how
much power is actually converted to heat?
a) 5.45 kW
b) 5.65 kW
c) 5.85 kW
d) 5.95 kW
Answer: d) 5.95 kW
29. If the freezing point of water is depressed by 1°C for every 1.86% of ethylene glycol added, what
percentage is needed to lower the freezing point to -25°C?
a) 44.6%
b) 46.5%
c) 48.4%
d) 50.3%
Answer: b) 46.5%
30. An aircraft has a total surface area of 600 m². If 70% needs de-icing and the application rate is 1.5
L/m², how much de-icing fluid is required?
a) 570 L
b) 600 L
c) 630 L
d) 660 L
Answer: c) 630 L
31. If an electrothermal system uses 8 A at 28 V per square meter, what is the power density?
a) 196 W/m²
b) 212 W/m²
c) 224 W/m²
d) 236 W/m²
Answer: c) 224 W/m²
32. A de-icing truck can spray fluid at 100 L/min. If an aircraft requires 800 L of fluid, how long will
the application take?
a) 6 min
b) 7 min
c) 8 min
d) 9 min
Answer: c) 8 min
33. If ice has a latent heat of fusion of 334 kJ/kg, how much energy is required to melt 5 kg of ice?
a) 1570 kJ
b) 1620 kJ
c) 1670 kJ
d) 1720 kJ
Answer: c) 1670 kJ
34. An anti-icing system maintains a surface temperature of 5°C above ambient. If the ambient
temperature is -15°C, what is the surface temperature?
a) -12°C
b) -11°C
c) -10°C
d) -9°C
Answer: c) -10°C
35. If a weeping wing system uses 1.5 L of fluid per hour per 10 m of wingspan, how much fluid is
used in 3 hours for a 30 m wingspan?
a) 12.5 L
b) 13.5 L
c) 14.5 L
d) 15.5 L
Answer: b) 13.5 L
36. A de-icing fluid has a specific heat capacity of 3.2 kJ/(kg·K). How much energy is required to raise
the temperature of 200 kg of fluid by 25°C?
a) 14000 kJ
b) 15000 kJ
c) 16000 kJ
d) 17000 kJ
Answer: c) 16000 kJ
37. If an aircraft's anti-icing system consumes 100 kWh of energy during a 4-hour flight, what is the
average power consumption?
a) 20 kW
b) 22 kW
c) 24 kW
d) 25 kW
Answer: d) 25 kW
38. A pneumatic boot system inflates to 0.4 cm thickness. If the boot covers 1.5 m of the leading
edge and the wing span is 25 m, what volume of air is required to inflate both wings' boots?
a) 0.28 m³
b) 0.30 m³
c) 0.32 m³
d) 0.34 m³
Answer: b) 0.30 m³
39. If de-icing fluid is applied at a rate of 2.5 L/m², how much fluid is needed for a 180 m² surface?
a) 425 L
b) 450 L
c) 475 L
d) 500 L
Answer: b) 450 L
40. An electrothermal system raises the temperature by 1.5°C per minute. How long will it take to
raise the temperature from -12°C to 3°C?
a) 9 min
b) 10 min
c) 11 min
d) 12 min
Answer: b) 10 min
41. If ice density is 0.92 g/cm³, what is the mass of ice on a 15 m² surface with 3 mm thickness?
a) 39.6 kg
b) 41.4 kg
c) 43.2 kg
d) 45.0 kg
Answer: b) 41.4 kg
42. A de-icing truck can hold 5000 L of fluid. If each aircraft requires 300 L, how many aircraft can be
treated?
a) 15
b) 16
c) 17
d) 18
Answer: b) 16
43. If an anti-icing system uses 90 W/m² and operates for 2.5 hours on a 250 m² surface, how much
energy is consumed?
a) 54.375 kWh
b) 56.250 kWh
c) 58.125 kWh
d) 60.000 kWh
Answer: b) 56.250 kWh
44. A weeping wing system releases fluid at 2.5 mL/s. How much fluid is released in 1 hour?
a) 8.5 L
b) 9.0 L
c) 9.5 L
d) 10.0 L
Answer: b) 9.0 L
45. If de-icing fluid costs $6 per liter and an aircraft requires 350 L per treatment, what is the cost per
treatment?
a) $1950
b) $2000
c) $2050
d) $2100
Answer: d) $2100
46. An aircraft's surface temperature is -3°C and the dew point is -7°C. What is the dew point
depression?
a) 3°C
b) 4°C
c) 5°C
d) 6°C
Answer: b) 4°C
47. If an electrothermal system consumes 12 kWh of energy for a 3-hour flight, what is the average
power consumption?
a) 3 kW
b) 4 kW
c) 5 kW
d) 6 kW
Answer: b) 4 kW
48. A de-icing fluid has a specific gravity of 1.05. What is the mass of 600 L of this fluid?
a) 600 kg
b) 615 kg
c) 630 kg
d) 645 kg
Answer: c) 630 kg
49. If ice accumulates at 1.5 mm/hour in -8°C conditions and 2.5 mm/hour in -3°C conditions, what is
the difference in accumulation over 5 hours?
a) 4 mm
b) 5 mm
c) 6 mm
d) 7 mm
Answer: b) 5 mm
50. An anti-icing system operates at 85% efficiency. If it requires 7 kW to prevent ice formation, how
much power is actually converted to heat?
a) 5.45 kW
b) 5.65 kW
c) 5.85 kW
d) 5.95 kW
Answer: d) 5.95 kW
29. If the freezing point of water is depressed by 1°C for every 1.86% of ethylene glycol added, what
percentage is needed to lower the freezing point to -25°C?
a) 44.6%
b) 46.5%
c) 48.4%
d) 50.3%
Answer: b) 46.5%
30. An aircraft has a total surface area of 600 m². If 70% needs de-icing and the application rate is 1.5
L/m², how much de-icing fluid is required?
a) 570 L
b) 600 L
c) 630 L
d) 660 L
Answer: c) 630 L
31. If an electrothermal system uses 8 A at 28 V per square meter, what is the power density?
a) 196 W/m²
b) 212 W/m²
c) 224 W/m²
d) 236 W/m²
Answer: c) 224 W/m²
32. A de-icing truck can spray fluid at 100 L/min. If an aircraft requires 800 L of fluid, how long will
the application take?
a) 6 min
b) 7 min
c) 8 min
d) 9 min
Answer: c) 8 min
33. If ice has a latent heat of fusion of 334 kJ/kg, how much energy is required to melt 5 kg of ice?
a) 1570 kJ
b) 1620 kJ
c) 1670 kJ
d) 1720 kJ
Answer: c) 1670 kJ
34. An anti-icing system maintains a surface temperature of 5°C above ambient. If the ambient
temperature is -15°C, what is the surface temperature?
a) -12°C
b) -11°C
c) -10°C
d) -9°C
Answer: c) -10°C
35. If a weeping wing system uses 1.5 L of fluid per hour per 10 m of wingspan, how much fluid is
used in 3 hours for a 30 m wingspan?
a) 12.5 L
b) 13.5 L
c) 14.5 L
d) 15.5 L
Answer: b) 13.5 L
36. A de-icing fluid has a specific heat capacity of 3.2 kJ/(kg·K). How much energy is required to raise
the temperature of 200 kg of fluid by 25°C?
a) 14000 kJ
b) 15000 kJ
c) 16000 kJ
d) 17000 kJ
Answer: c) 16000 kJ
37. If an aircraft's anti-icing system consumes 100 kWh of energy during a 4-hour flight, what is the
average power consumption?
a) 20 kW
b) 22 kW
c) 24 kW
d) 25 kW
Answer: d) 25 kW
38. A pneumatic boot system inflates to 0.4 cm thickness. If the boot covers 1.5 m of the leading
edge and the wing span is 25 m, what volume of air is required to inflate both wings' boots?
a) 0.28 m³
b) 0.30 m³
c) 0.32 m³
d) 0.34 m³
Answer: b) 0.30 m³
39. If de-icing fluid is applied at a rate of 2.5 L/m², how much fluid is needed for a 180 m² surface?
a) 425 L
b) 450 L
c) 475 L
d) 500 L
Answer: b) 450 L
40. An electrothermal system raises the temperature by 1.5°C per minute. How long will it take to
raise the temperature from -12°C to 3°C?
a) 9 min
b) 10 min
c) 11 min
d) 12 min
Answer: b) 10 min
41. If ice density is 0.92 g/cm³, what is the mass of ice on a 15 m² surface with 3 mm thickness?
a) 39.6 kg
b) 41.4 kg
c) 43.2 kg
d) 45.0 kg
Answer: b) 41.4 kg
42. A de-icing truck can hold 5000 L of fluid. If each aircraft requires 300 L, how many aircraft can be
treated?
a) 15
b) 16
c) 17
d) 18
Answer: b) 16
43. If an anti-icing system uses 90 W/m² and operates for 2.5 hours on a 250 m² surface, how much
energy is consumed?
a) 54.375 kWh
b) 56.250 kWh
c) 58.125 kWh
d) 60.000 kWh
Answer: b) 56.250 kWh
44. A weeping wing system releases fluid at 2.5 mL/s. How much fluid is released in 1 hour?
a) 8.5 L
b) 9.0 L
c) 9.5 L
d) 10.0 L
Answer: b) 9.0 L
45. If de-icing fluid costs $6 per liter and an aircraft requires 350 L per treatment, what is the cost per
treatment?
a) $1950
b) $2000
c) $2050
d) $2100
Answer: d) $2100
46. An aircraft's surface temperature is -3°C and the dew point is -7°C. What is the dew point
depression?
a) 3°C
b) 4°C
c) 5°C
d) 6°C
Answer: b) 4°C
47. If an electrothermal system consumes 12 kWh of energy for a 3-hour flight, what is the average
power consumption?
a) 3 kW
b) 4 kW
c) 5 kW
d) 6 kW
Answer: b) 4 kW
48. A de-icing fluid has a specific gravity of 1.05. What is the mass of 600 L of this fluid?
a) 600 kg
b) 615 kg
c) 630 kg
d) 645 kg
Answer: c) 630 kg
49. If ice accumulates at 1.5 mm/hour in -8°C conditions and 2.5 mm/hour in -3°C conditions, what is
the difference in accumulation over 5 hours?
a) 4 mm
b) 5 mm
c) 6 mm
d) 7 mm
Answer: b) 5 mm
50. An anti-icing system operates at 85% efficiency. If it requires 7 kW to prevent ice formation, how
much power is actually converted to heat?
a) 5.45 kW
b) 5.65 kW
c) 5.85 kW
d) 5.95 kW
Answer: d) 5.95 kW
29. If the freezing point of water is depressed by 1°C for every 1.86% of ethylene glycol added, what
percentage is needed to lower the freezing point to -25°C?
a) 44.6%
b) 46.5%
c) 48.4%
d) 50.3%
Answer: b) 46.5%
30. An aircraft has a total surface area of 600 m². If 70% needs de-icing and the application rate is 1.5
L/m², how much de-icing fluid is required?
a) 570 L
b) 600 L
c) 630 L
d) 660 L
Answer: c) 630 L
31. If an electrothermal system uses 8 A at 28 V per square meter, what is the power density?
a) 196 W/m²
b) 212 W/m²
c) 224 W/m²
d) 236 W/m²
Answer: c) 224 W/m²
32. A de-icing truck can spray fluid at 100 L/min. If an aircraft requires 800 L of fluid, how long will
the application take?
a) 6 min
b) 7 min
c) 8 min
d) 9 min
Answer: c) 8 min
33. If ice has a latent heat of fusion of 334 kJ/kg, how much energy is required to melt 5 kg of ice?
a) 1570 kJ
b) 1620 kJ
c) 1670 kJ
d) 1720 kJ
Answer: c) 1670 kJ
34. An anti-icing system maintains a surface temperature of 5°C above ambient. If the ambient
temperature is -15°C, what is the surface temperature?
a) -12°C
b) -11°C
c) -10°C
d) -9°C
Answer: c) -10°C
35. If a weeping wing system uses 1.5 L of fluid per hour per 10 m of wingspan, how much fluid is
used in 3 hours for a 30 m wingspan?
a) 12.5 L
b) 13.5 L
c) 14.5 L
d) 15.5 L
Answer: b) 13.5 L
36. A de-icing fluid has a specific heat capacity of 3.2 kJ/(kg·K). How much energy is required to raise
the temperature of 200 kg of fluid by 25°C?
a) 14000 kJ
b) 15000 kJ
c) 16000 kJ
d) 17000 kJ
Answer: c) 16000 kJ
37. If an aircraft's anti-icing system consumes 100 kWh of energy during a 4-hour flight, what is the
average power consumption?
a) 20 kW
b) 22 kW
c) 24 kW
d) 25 kW
Answer: d) 25 kW
38. A pneumatic boot system inflates to 0.4 cm thickness. If the boot covers 1.5 m of the leading
edge and the wing span is 25 m, what volume of air is required to inflate both wings' boots?
a) 0.28 m³
b) 0.30 m³
c) 0.32 m³
d) 0.34 m³
Answer: b) 0.30 m³
39. If de-icing fluid is applied at a rate of 2.5 L/m², how much fluid is needed for a 180 m² surface?
a) 425 L
b) 450 L
c) 475 L
d) 500 L
Answer: b) 450 L
40. An electrothermal system raises the temperature by 1.5°C per minute. How long will it take to
raise the temperature from -12°C to 3°C?
a) 9 min
b) 10 min
c) 11 min
d) 12 min
Answer: b) 10 min
41. If ice density is 0.92 g/cm³, what is the mass of ice on a 15 m² surface with 3 mm thickness?
a) 39.6 kg
b) 41.4 kg
c) 43.2 kg
d) 45.0 kg
Answer: b) 41.4 kg
42. A de-icing truck can hold 5000 L of fluid. If each aircraft requires 300 L, how many aircraft can be
treated?
a) 15
b) 16
c) 17
d) 18
Answer: b) 16
43. If an anti-icing system uses 90 W/m² and operates for 2.5 hours on a 250 m² surface, how much
energy is consumed?
a) 54.375 kWh
b) 56.250 kWh
c) 58.125 kWh
d) 60.000 kWh
Answer: b) 56.250 kWh
44. A weeping wing system releases fluid at 2.5 mL/s. How much fluid is released in 1 hour?
a) 8.5 L
b) 9.0 L
c) 9.5 L
d) 10.0 L
Answer: b) 9.0 L
45. If de-icing fluid costs $6 per liter and an aircraft requires 350 L per treatment, what is the cost per
treatment?
a) $1950
b) $2000
c) $2050
d) $2100
Answer: d) $2100
46. An aircraft's surface temperature is -3°C and the dew point is -7°C. What is the dew point
depression?
a) 3°C
b) 4°C
c) 5°C
d) 6°C
Answer: b) 4°C
47. If an electrothermal system consumes 12 kWh of energy for a 3-hour flight, what is the average
power consumption?
a) 3 kW
b) 4 kW
c) 5 kW
d) 6 kW
Answer: b) 4 kW
48. A de-icing fluid has a specific gravity of 1.05. What is the mass of 600 L of this fluid?
a) 600 kg
b) 615 kg
c) 630 kg
d) 645 kg
Answer: c) 630 kg
49. If ice accumulates at 1.5 mm/hour in -8°C conditions and 2.5 mm/hour in -3°C conditions, what is
the difference in accumulation over 5 hours?
a) 4 mm
b) 5 mm
c) 6 mm
d) 7 mm
Answer: b) 5 mm
50. An anti-icing system operates at 85% efficiency. If it requires 7 kW to prevent ice formation, how
much power is actually converted to heat?
a) 5.45 kW
b) 5.65 kW
c) 5.85 kW
d) 5.95 kW
Answer: d) 5.95 kW
29. If the freezing point of water is depressed by 1°C for every 1.86% of ethylene glycol added, what
percentage is needed to lower the freezing point to -25°C?
a) 44.6%
b) 46.5%
c) 48.4%
d) 50.3%
Answer: b) 46.5%
30. An aircraft has a total surface area of 600 m². If 70% needs de-icing and the application rate is 1.5
L/m², how much de-icing fluid is required?
a) 570 L
b) 600 L
c) 630 L
d) 660 L
Answer: c) 630 L
31. If an electrothermal system uses 8 A at 28 V per square meter, what is the power density?
a) 196 W/m²
b) 212 W/m²
c) 224 W/m²
d) 236 W/m²
Answer: c) 224 W/m²
32. A de-icing truck can spray fluid at 100 L/min. If an aircraft requires 800 L of fluid, how long will
the application take?
a) 6 min
b) 7 min
c) 8 min
d) 9 min
Answer: c) 8 min
33. If ice has a latent heat of fusion of 334 kJ/kg, how much energy is required to melt 5 kg of ice?
a) 1570 kJ
b) 1620 kJ
c) 1670 kJ
d) 1720 kJ
Answer: c) 1670 kJ
34. An anti-icing system maintains a surface temperature of 5°C above ambient. If the ambient
temperature is -15°C, what is the surface temperature?
a) -12°C
b) -11°C
c) -10°C
d) -9°C
Answer: c) -10°C
35. If a weeping wing system uses 1.5 L of fluid per hour per 10 m of wingspan, how much fluid is
used in 3 hours for a 30 m wingspan?
a) 12.5 L
b) 13.5 L
c) 14.5 L
d) 15.5 L
Answer: b) 13.5 L
36. A de-icing fluid has a specific heat capacity of 3.2 kJ/(kg·K). How much energy is required to raise
the temperature of 200 kg of fluid by 25°C?
a) 14000 kJ
b) 15000 kJ
c) 16000 kJ
d) 17000 kJ
Answer: c) 16000 kJ
37. If an aircraft's anti-icing system consumes 100 kWh of energy during a 4-hour flight, what is the
average power consumption?
a) 20 kW
b) 22 kW
c) 24 kW
d) 25 kW
Answer: d) 25 kW
38. A pneumatic boot system inflates to 0.4 cm thickness. If the boot covers 1.5 m of the leading
edge and the wing span is 25 m, what volume of air is required to inflate both wings' boots?
a) 0.28 m³
b) 0.30 m³
c) 0.32 m³
d) 0.34 m³
Answer: b) 0.30 m³
39. If de-icing fluid is applied at a rate of 2.5 L/m², how much fluid is needed for a 180 m² surface?
a) 425 L
b) 450 L
c) 475 L
d) 500 L
Answer: b) 450 L
40. An electrothermal system raises the temperature by 1.5°C per minute. How long will it take to
raise the temperature from -12°C to 3°C?
a) 9 min
b) 10 min
c) 11 min
d) 12 min
Answer: b) 10 min
41. If ice density is 0.92 g/cm³, what is the mass of ice on a 15 m² surface with 3 mm thickness?
a) 39.6 kg
b) 41.4 kg
c) 43.2 kg
d) 45.0 kg
Answer: b) 41.4 kg
42. A de-icing truck can hold 5000 L of fluid. If each aircraft requires 300 L, how many aircraft can be
treated?
a) 15
b) 16
c) 17
d) 18
Answer: b) 16
43. If an anti-icing system uses 90 W/m² and operates for 2.5 hours on a 250 m² surface, how much
energy is consumed?
a) 54.375 kWh
b) 56.250 kWh
c) 58.125 kWh
d) 60.000 kWh
Answer: b) 56.250 kWh
44. A weeping wing system releases fluid at 2.5 mL/s. How much fluid is released in 1 hour?
a) 8.5 L
b) 9.0 L
c) 9.5 L
d) 10.0 L
Answer: b) 9.0 L
45. If de-icing fluid costs $6 per liter and an aircraft requires 350 L per treatment, what is the cost per
treatment?
a) $1950
b) $2000
c) $2050
d) $2100
Answer: d) $2100
46. An aircraft's surface temperature is -3°C and the dew point is -7°C. What is the dew point
depression?
a) 3°C
b) 4°C
c) 5°C
d) 6°C
Answer: b) 4°C
47. If an electrothermal system consumes 12 kWh of energy for a 3-hour flight, what is the average
power consumption?
a) 3 kW
b) 4 kW
c) 5 kW
d) 6 kW
Answer: b) 4 kW
48. A de-icing fluid has a specific gravity of 1.05. What is the mass of 600 L of this fluid?
a) 600 kg
b) 615 kg
c) 630 kg
d) 645 kg
Answer: c) 630 kg
49. If ice accumulates at 1.5 mm/hour in -8°C conditions and 2.5 mm/hour in -3°C conditions, what is
the difference in accumulation over 5 hours?
a) 4 mm
b) 5 mm
c) 6 mm
d) 7 mm
Answer: b) 5 mm
50. An anti-icing system operates at 85% efficiency. If it requires 7 kW to prevent ice formation, how
much power is actually converted to heat?
a) 5.45 kW
b) 5.65 kW
c) 5.85 kW
d) 5.95 kW
Answer: d) 5.95 kW
29. If the freezing point of water is depressed by 1°C for every 1.86% of ethylene glycol added, what
percentage is needed to lower the freezing point to -25°C?
a) 44.6%
b) 46.5%
c) 48.4%
d) 50.3%
Answer: b) 46.5%
30. An aircraft has a total surface area of 600 m². If 70% needs de-icing and the application rate is 1.5
L/m², how much de-icing fluid is required?
a) 570 L
b) 600 L
c) 630 L
d) 660 L
Answer: c) 630 L
31. If an electrothermal system uses 8 A at 28 V per square meter, what is the power density?
a) 196 W/m²
b) 212 W/m²
c) 224 W/m²
d) 236 W/m²
Answer: c) 224 W/m²
32. A de-icing truck can spray fluid at 100 L/min. If an aircraft requires 800 L of fluid, how long will
the application take?
a) 6 min
b) 7 min
c) 8 min
d) 9 min
Answer: c) 8 min
33. If ice has a latent heat of fusion of 334 kJ/kg, how much energy is required to melt 5 kg of ice?
a) 1570 kJ
b) 1620 kJ
c) 1670 kJ
d) 1720 kJ
Answer: c) 1670 kJ
34. An anti-icing system maintains a surface temperature of 5°C above ambient. If the ambient
temperature is -15°C, what is the surface temperature?
a) -12°C
b) -11°C
c) -10°C
d) -9°C
Answer: c) -10°C
35. If a weeping wing system uses 1.5 L of fluid per hour per 10 m of wingspan, how much fluid is
used in 3 hours for a 30 m wingspan?
a) 12.5 L
b) 13.5 L
c) 14.5 L
d) 15.5 L
Answer: b) 13.5 L
36. A de-icing fluid has a specific heat capacity of 3.2 kJ/(kg·K). How much energy is required to raise
the temperature of 200 kg of fluid by 25°C?
a) 14000 kJ
b) 15000 kJ
c) 16000 kJ
d) 17000 kJ
Answer: c) 16000 kJ
37. If an aircraft's anti-icing system consumes 100 kWh of energy during a 4-hour flight, what is the
average power consumption?
a) 20 kW
b) 22 kW
c) 24 kW
d) 25 kW
Answer: d) 25 kW
38. A pneumatic boot system inflates to 0.4 cm thickness. If the boot covers 1.5 m of the leading
edge and the wing span is 25 m, what volume of air is required to inflate both wings' boots?
a) 0.28 m³
b) 0.30 m³
c) 0.32 m³
d) 0.34 m³
Answer: b) 0.30 m³
39. If de-icing fluid is applied at a rate of 2.5 L/m², how much fluid is needed for a 180 m² surface?
a) 425 L
b) 450 L
c) 475 L
d) 500 L
Answer: b) 450 L
40. An electrothermal system raises the temperature by 1.5°C per minute. How long will it take to
raise the temperature from -12°C to 3°C?
a) 9 min
b) 10 min
c) 11 min
d) 12 min
Answer: b) 10 min
41. If ice density is 0.92 g/cm³, what is the mass of ice on a 15 m² surface with 3 mm thickness?
a) 39.6 kg
b) 41.4 kg
c) 43.2 kg
d) 45.0 kg
Answer: b) 41.4 kg
42. A de-icing truck can hold 5000 L of fluid. If each aircraft requires 300 L, how many aircraft can be
treated?
a) 15
b) 16
c) 17
d) 18
Answer: b) 16
43. If an anti-icing system uses 90 W/m² and operates for 2.5 hours on a 250 m² surface, how much
energy is consumed?
a) 54.375 kWh
b) 56.250 kWh
c) 58.125 kWh
d) 60.000 kWh
Answer: b) 56.250 kWh
44. A weeping wing system releases fluid at 2.5 mL/s. How much fluid is released in 1 hour?
a) 8.5 L
b) 9.0 L
c) 9.5 L
d) 10.0 L
Answer: b) 9.0 L
45. If de-icing fluid costs $6 per liter and an aircraft requires 350 L per treatment, what is the cost per
treatment?
a) $1950
b) $2000
c) $2050
d) $2100
Answer: d) $2100
46. An aircraft's surface temperature is -3°C and the dew point is -7°C. What is the dew point
depression?
a) 3°C
b) 4°C
c) 5°C
d) 6°C
Answer: b) 4°C
47. If an electrothermal system consumes 12 kWh of energy for a 3-hour flight, what is the average
power consumption?
a) 3 kW
b) 4 kW
c) 5 kW
d) 6 kW
Answer: b) 4 kW
48. A de-icing fluid has a specific gravity of 1.05. What is the mass of 600 L of this fluid?
a) 600 kg
b) 615 kg
c) 630 kg
d) 645 kg
Answer: c) 630 kg
49. If ice accumulates at 1.5 mm/hour in -8°C conditions and 2.5 mm/hour in -3°C conditions, what is
the difference in accumulation over 5 hours?
a) 4 mm
b) 5 mm
c) 6 mm
d) 7 mm
Answer: b) 5 mm
50. An anti-icing system operates at 85% efficiency. If it requires 7 kW to prevent ice formation, how
much power is actually converted to heat?
a) 5.45 kW
b) 5.65 kW
c) 5.85 kW
d) 5.95 kW
Answer: d) 5.95 kW
51. If a pneumatic boot expands by 0.25
