FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT SCREENING AND ANALYSIS STUDY TECHNIQUES FOR AS-
SESSING FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT PATTERNS TO PREVENT INJURIES AND ENHANCE
PERFORMANCE
1. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening analysis, if a person scores a 2 on the Deep Squat
test and a 3 on the Active Straight Leg Raise test, what is their total score in the Lower Body Functional
Movement Patterns category?
Solution: The lower body functional movement patterns category consists of the Deep Squat and Active
Straight Leg Raise tests. Each test is scored on a scale from 0 to 3, with 3 being the highest score indicating
optimal movement quality, and 0 being the lowest score indicating poor movement quality.
Given that the person scored a 2 on the Deep Squat test and a 3 on the Active Straight Leg Raise test,
we add these scores together to get the total Lower Body Functional Movement Patterns score:
Total Lower Body Functional Movement Patterns score = Deep Squat score + Active Straight Leg Raise
score Total Lower Body Functional Movement Patterns score = 2 + 3 Total Lower Body Functional Move-
ment Patterns score = 5
Therefore, the person’s total score in the Lower Body Functional Movement Patterns category is 5.
2. Question: In a functional movement screening using motion capture technology, an individual’s squat
performance is analyzed, and their hip abduction angle is measured to be 45 degrees. If the optimal hip
abduction angle for a squat is determined to be 60 degrees, what percentage difference from the optimal
angle does this individual have in their squat performance?
Solution: To calculate the percentage difference from the optimal hip abduction angle, we can use the
formula: Percentage Difference = (|Optimal Angle - Individual’s Angle| / Optimal Angle) * 100
Given: Optimal Angle = 60 degrees Individual’s Angle = 45 degrees
|Optimal Angle - Individual’s Angle| = |60 - 45| = 15 degrees
Plugging in the values: Percentage Difference = (|60 - 45| / 60) * 100Percentage Difference = (15 / 60)
* 100Percentage Difference = 0.25 * 100Percentage Difference = 25
Therefore, the individual has a 25
3. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis study, a participant scored 2 on the
Shoulder Mobility Test and 3 on the Hip Stability Test. What is the participant’s total score for the two
tests?
Solution: Shoulder Mobility Test score = 2 Hip Stability Test score = 3
Total score = Shoulder Mobility Test score + Hip Stability Test score Total score = 2 + 3 = 5
Therefore, the participant’s total score for the Shoulder Mobility Test and Hip Stability Test is 5.
4. Question: In a study analyzing the role of proprioception in Functional Movement Screening, partici-
pants were asked to stand on one leg with their eyes closed. The time (in seconds) each participant was able
to maintain this position was recorded. The average time for participants to maintain this one-legged stance
was calculated as 20 seconds with a standard deviation of 5 seconds. If a new participant can maintain the
one-legged stance for 30 seconds, what is their z-score?
Solution: To calculate the z-score for the new participant who can maintain the one-legged stance for 30
seconds, we use the formula for z-score:
z=(x−µ)
σ
Where: - x = individual data point (30 seconds in this case) - = mean (20 seconds) - = standard deviation
(5 seconds)
Plugging in the values:
z=(30 −20)
5=10
5= 2
Therefore, the z-score for the new participant who can maintain the one-legged stance for 30 seconds is
2.
5. Question: In a study assessing inter-rater reliability for Functional Movement Screening, three raters
independently scored the same participant’s deep squat movement pattern out of a total possible score of 21.
Rater 1 scored 18, Rater 2 scored 19, and Rater 3 scored 17. Calculate the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
(ICC) for this inter-rater reliability scenario.
Solution: 1. Calculate the mean of the scores: Mean score = (18 + 19 + 17) / 3 Mean score = 54 / 3
Mean score = 18
2. Calculate the sum of squares of differences within raters (SSwithin) : SSwithin = (18 −18)2+
(19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSwithin = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSwithin = 0 + 1 + 1SSwithin = 2
3. Calculate the sum of squares of differences between raters (SSbetween) : SSbetween = (18 −
18)2+ (19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSbetween = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSbetween = 0 + 1 + 1SSbetween = 2
4. Calculate the Total Sum of Squares (SStotal) : SStotal =SSwithin +SSbetweenSStotal =
2+2SStotal = 4
5. Calculate the Mean Square Errors (MSE): MSE = SSwithin/(n∗(k−1))MSE = 2/(3 ∗(3 −
1))MSE = 2/6MSE = 0.3333
6. Calculate the ICC: ICC = (MSbetween−MSE)/(MSbetween+(k−1)∗MSE)Sincethereare3raters, k =
3
MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1)MSbetween = 2/(3 −1)MSbetween = 2/2M Sbetween = 1
ICC = (1 - 0.3333) / (1 + 2*0.3333) ICC = 0.6667 / 1.6666 ICC 0.4
Therefore, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the inter-rater reliability in this scenario is
approximately 0.4.
6. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores in a
group of 50 athletes, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the total FMS score was found to be
0.87. What is the interpretation of this ICC value?
Solution: To interpret the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value in the context of reliability
analysis, we can classify it as follows:
- ICC < 0.5: Poor reliability - 0.5 ICC < 0.75: Moderate reliability - 0.75 ICC < 0.9: Good reliability -
ICC 0.9: Excellent reliability
Given that the ICC value for the total FMS score in this study of 50 athletes is 0.87, this value falls within
the range of 0.75 ICC < 0.9, indicating a good reliability of the FMS scores in assessing functional move-
ment patterns in these athletes. This suggests that the FMS tool is consistent and dependable in evaluating
functional movement patterns in this group of individuals.
7. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, a participant demonstrated compen-
satory movement patterns in the squat assessment, resulting in a modified score of 1.5. If the perfect score
for the squat assessment is 3, what percentage of the ideal movement pattern did the participant exhibit?
Solution: To calculate the percentage of the ideal movement pattern exhibited by the participant during
the squat assessment, you can use the following formula:
Percentage = (Participant’s Score / Perfect Score) * 100
Given that the participant’s modified score is 1.5 and the perfect score is 3, we can substitute the values
into the formula:
Percentage = (1.5 / 3) * 100 Percentage = 0.5 * 100 Percentage = 50
Therefore, the participant exhibited 50
8. Question: In a study comparing qualitative and quantitative assessments in Functional Movement
Screening, 50 participants were evaluated using both methods. The quantitative assessment scored an aver-
age of 18.5 out of 21 points for each participant, while the qualitative assessment classified 30 participants
as having poor movement patterns. What percentage of participants had poor movement patterns according
to the qualitative assessment?
Solution: Total participants evaluated = 50
Number of participants classified as poor movers according to qualitative assessment = 30
Percentage of participants classified as poor movers = (Number of poor movers / Total participants) x
100= (30 / 50) x 100= 0.6 x 100= 60
Therefore, 60
9. Question: In a study utilizing a motion capture system for Functional Movement Screening and
Analysis, a subject performed five different functional movements. The system recorded an average of 15
degrees of hip flexion during a squat assessment. What is the total range of motion (in degrees) if the
subject’s hip extension during the same squat assessment was measured to be 25 degrees?
Solution: The total range of motion for the hip during the squat assessment can be calculated by adding
the degrees of hip flexion and hip extension. Given: Average hip flexion = 15 degrees Hip extension = 25
degrees
Total range of motion = Hip flexion + Hip extension Total range of motion = 15 degrees + 25 degrees
Total range of motion = 40 degrees
Therefore, the total range of motion for the subject’s hip during the squat assessment is 40 degrees.
10. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis session, a participant scores 2 on
the Overhead Squat assessment due to an inability to maintain the torso in alignment with the lower body.
How many points would be deducted from the total score for this specific movement pattern?
Solution: The Overhead Squat assessment in Functional Movement Screening and Analysis deducts a
total of 3 points for deviations such as torso alignment issues. Since the participant scored 2 due to the
inability to maintain torso alignment, 3 points (maximum deduction) would be subtracted from the total
score.
Final numerical answer: 3 points.
11. Question: In a study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 8 upper body movements were recorded for each participant. If there were 15 participants
in the study, how many total upper body movements were recorded in the study?
Solution: To find the total number of upper body movements recorded in the study, we need to multiply
the number of movements recorded per participant by the total number of participants.
Number of upper body movements recorded per participant = 8 Total number of participants = 15
Total number of upper body movements = Number of movements per participant x Total number of
participants Total number of upper body movements = 8 x 15 Total number of upper body movements = 120
Therefore, in the study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 120 upper body movements were recorded.
12. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tool,
20 participants were assessed twice within a one-week interval. The mean score for the first assessment
was 16.5, with a standard deviation of 2.1, and the mean score for the second assessment was 17.3, with a
standard deviation of 2.4. Calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the reliability
of the FMS tool in this study.
Solution: ICC can be calculated using the formula: ICC = (Between Subject Variance) / (Between
Subject Variance + Within Subject Variance)
First, we need to calculate the Between Subject Variance: BSV = ( individuals’ means - grand mean)2/totalnumberofassessmentsBSV =
[((16.5 + 17.3)/2−(16.5 + 17.3)/2)2]/20BSV = (16.9−16.9)2/20BSV = 0
Next, we calculate the Within Subject Variance: WSV = (2−2
B)/kwhere2=Averageoftheindividual′svariances,2
B=
GrandV ariance, andk =Numberofassessments2= [(2.12+2.42)/2] = (4.41+5.76)/2=5.0852
B=
(individuals′overallscores−grandmean)2/totalnumberofassessments2
B= [((16.5−16.9)2+(17.3−
16.9)2)/20] = (0.16 + 0.16)/20 = 0.016W SV = (5.085 −0.016)/2=5.069/2=2.535
Now we calculate the ICC: ICC = 0 / (0 + 2.535) = 0 / 2.535 = 0
Therefore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the reliability of the Functional Movement
Screen (FMS) tool in this study is 0, indicating low reliability.
13. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
tool, two independent raters evaluated a group of 25 participants’ movement patterns. Rater 1 scored an av-
erage of 17.4 points per participant, while Rater 2 scored an average of 16.8 points per participant. Calculate
the inter-rater reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) formula for absolute agreement.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the total scores from both raters. Total mean = (Rater 1 mean +
Rater 2 mean) / 2 Total mean = (17.4 + 16.8) / 2 Total mean = 17.1
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each rater’s scores and the total mean.
SSbetween = 25 ∗[(17.4−17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSbetween = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSbetween =
25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSbetween = 25 ∗0.18SSbetween = 4.5
Step 3: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences within raters. SSwithin = 25 ∗[(17.4−
17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSwithin =
25 ∗0.18SSwithin = 4.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC for absolute agreement. ICC = (MSbetween −MSwithin)/(M Sbetween +
(k−1) ∗MSwithin)MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1) = 4.5/1=4.5MSwithin =SSwithin/(N∗
k)=4.5/(25 ∗2) = 0.09
ICC = (4.5 - 0.09) / (4.5 + 0.09) ICC = 4.41 / 4.59 ICC 0.96
Therefore, the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen tool in this study is approxi-
mately 0.96, indicating high agreement between the two raters in assessing movement patterns.
14. Question: Using a pressure plate technology during Functional Movement Screening, an athlete
performs a single-leg squat and generates a peak force of 350 N. If the athlete’s body weight is 70 kg, what
is the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio in N/kg?
Solution: To calculate the peak force-to-body weight ratio, we need to divide the peak force generated
by the athlete by the athlete’s body weight.
Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = Peak Force / Body Weight
Given: Peak Force = 350 N Body Weight = 70 kg
Convert the athlete’s body weight from kg to N using the acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.81 m/s2) :
BodyW eight = 70kg ∗9.81m/s2BodyW eight = 686.7N
Now, calculate the Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio: Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = 350 N / 686.7
N Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio 0.51 N/kg
Therefore, the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio during the single-leg squat using the pressure
plate technology is approximately 0.51 N/kg.
15. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant receives a score of 1 for a
movement pattern that is performed perfectly, a score of 2 for a movement pattern with slight compensations,
and a score of 3 for a movement pattern that is performed with noticeable dysfunction. If a participant scores
a total of 14 points across seven movement patterns, what would be their average score per movement
pattern?
Solution: To find the average score per movement pattern, we need to divide the total score by the
number of movement patterns assessed.
Total score = 14 Number of movement patterns = 7
Average score per movement pattern = Total score / Number of movement patterns Average score per
movement pattern = 14 / 7 Average score per movement pattern = 2
Therefore, the average score per movement pattern for this participant is 2.
16. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis Study, an athlete scored a total of
14 points on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen. Given that a perfect score is 21 points, what
percentage did the athlete score on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen?
Solution: To find the percentage score of the athlete on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen,
we use the formula:
Percentage = (Points earned / Total possible points) * 100
Plugging in the values: Percentage = (14 / 21) * 100 Percentage = 0.6667 * 100 Percentage 66.67
Therefore, the athlete scored approximately 66.67
17. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual presents with a score
of 1 for poor breathing mechanics. If the maximum score for breathing mechanics is 3, what percentage
represents the individual’s score in this area?
Solution: To find the percentage score for breathing mechanics, we will use the formula: Percentage
score = (Individual’s score / Maximum score) * 100
Given that the individual’s score for breathing mechanics is 1 and the maximum score is 3: Percentage
score = (1 / 3) * 100 Percentage score = 0.333 * 100 Percentage score = 33.33
Therefore, the individual’s score for breathing mechanics during the Functional Movement Screening is
33.33
18. Question: What is the maximum possible score in the Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test?
Solution: The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test comprises seven fundamental movement
patterns that are scored on a scale of 0 to 3 points each. Therefore, the maximum possible score in the FMS
test is 21.
Final numerical answer: 21
19. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening (FMS) study evaluating athletes, an athlete scores 3
on the Deep Squat test, 2 on the Hurdle Step test, 3 on the In-Line Lunge test, 2 on the Shoulder Mobility
test, 2 on the Active Straight Leg Raise test, 1 on the Trunk Stability Push-Up test, and 3 on the Rotary
Stability test. Calculate the total FMS score for this athlete.
Solution: - Deep Squat Test: 3 - Hurdle Step Test: 2 - In-Line Lunge Test: 3 - Shoulder Mobility Test:
2 - Active Straight Leg Raise Test: 2 - Trunk Stability Push-Up Test: 1 - Rotary Stability Test: 3
To calculate the total FMS score for the athlete, we sum up the scores from each test:
Total FMS score = 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 Total FMS score = 16
Therefore, the total FMS score for this athlete is 16.
20. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant performs the Deep Squat
test. The participant’s chest is falling forward, and their heels are elevated off the ground. The assessor
assigns a score of 1 for this movement. How many points are deducted in total for this flawed Deep Squat
movement pattern?
Solution: In Functional Movement Screening, the Deep Squat test assesses the participant’s ability to
perform a deep squat with proper form. If the participant’s heels are elevated off the ground and the chest
is falling forward, it indicates a significant movement dysfunction. In this case, a score of 1 is assigned for
this flawed movement pattern.
According to the Functional Movement Screen scoring system: - If a score of 1 is assigned, a deduction
of 2 points is made for this movement pattern.
Therefore, in total, 2 points are deducted for the flawed Deep Squat movement pattern.
21. Question: In Functional Movement Screening, what is the maximum score an athlete can achieve
on the Deep Squat test?
Solution: The Deep Squat test in Functional Movement Screening evaluates an athlete’s ability to per-
form a fundamental movement pattern - the deep squat. This movement assesses bilateral symmetrical
mobility and stability of the hips, knees, and ankles. In this test, the athlete can score up to 3 points on each
side, totaling 6 points if both sides are perfect. The athlete can score as follows:
- 0 points: Painful movement or unable to perform the deep squat. - 1 point: Major compensations in
movement pattern. - 2 points: Moderate compensations in movement pattern. - 3 points: Perfect execution
of the deep squat.
Therefore, the maximum score an athlete can achieve on the Deep Squat test in Functional Movement
Screening is 6 points.
22. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual is assessed on their trunk
stability push-up test where they perform 10 repetitions. The assessor notes that the individual’s technique
scores are as follows: 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, and 3. What is the total score for the trunk stability push-up
test?
Solution: To find the total score for the trunk stability push-up test, we sum up all the individual tech-
nique scores.
Totalscore=2+2+1+3+2+1+2+3+2+3Totalscore=21
Therefore, the total score for the trunk stability push-up test is 21.
23. Question: In a study assessing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols, an
individual was assessed by two different raters on the same day with a 7-day interval between assessments.
The individual scored 15 on the first assessment and 16 on the second assessment. Calculate the Intraclass
Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the FMS scores.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the two FMS scores. Mean = (15 + 16) / 2 = 31 / 2 = 15.5
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each score and the mean. SS = (15 -
15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SS = (−0.5)2+ (0.5)2SS = 0.25 + 0.25SS = 0.5
Step 3: Calculate the total sum of squares. SStotal = (15 −15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SStotal = 0.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC using the formula: ICC = (SScorrelated)/(SScorrelated+SSerror)ICC =
(SStotal −SSerror)/(SStotal +SSerror)
Step 5: Since we have a 1-way random effects model, the formula becomes: ICC = (MSbetween −
MSwithin)/(MSbetween + (k−1) ∗MSwithin +k∗M Serror)
Step 6: Calculate the degrees of freedom for each component: dofbetween = 1dofwithin =n−1 =
2−1=1doferror =n(k−1) = 2(2 −1) = 2
Step 7: Calculate the mean square values: MSbetween =SSbetween/dofbetween = 0/1=0MSwithin =
SSwithin/dofwithin = 0.5/1=0.5MSerror =SSerror/doferror
Step 8: Substitute the values into the ICC formula: ICC = (0 - 0.5) / (0 + 1 * 0.5 + 2 * MSerror)ICC =
−0.5/(1 + 0.5+2∗MSerror)
Since we don’t have the value of MSerrorgiveninthisquestion, wecan′tcalculatetheICCwithoutthisinformation.
24. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS)
protocols, three assessors independently scored a participant’s movement patterns using the FMS scoring
criteria. The total scores assigned by each assessor to the same participant were as follows: Assessor 1: 17
Assessor 2: 16 Assessor 3: 18
Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient to determine the inter-rater reliability of the FMS protocols in
this study.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the proportion of agreements (Pa) between the assessors. Pa = (Number of
total agreements) / (Number of total possible agreements) Pa = [(number of assessors * number of assessors’
possible scores) - number of assessors] / [((number of assessors) * (number of assessors - 1))]
Pa=[(3*3)-3]/[(3*2)]=6/6=1
Step 2: Calculate the proportion of observed agreements (Po) among assessors. Po = (Pr) / n Pr = 1/(3-1)
* (Pa) Pr = 1/2 * 1 = 0.5
Po = 0.5 / 3 = 0.1667
Step 3: Calculate the proportion of agreement expected by chance (Pe). Pe = (q2
i)whereqiistheproportionofassessorsgivingscorei.Here, q1=
1/3, q2= 1/3, andq3= 1/3.
Pe = (1/3)2+ (1/3)2+ (1/3)2= 1/9+1/9+1/9=1/3
Step 4: Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient. Kappa = (Po - Pe) / (1 - Pe) Kappa = (0.1667 - 0.3333)
/ (1 - 0.3333) Kappa = -0.1666 / 0.6667 = -0.2499
Therefore, the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient for the FMS protocols in this study is approximately -0.2499.
25. Question: In a study analyzing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols
in predicting injury risk, a sample of 50 athletes were assessed using the FMS tool. The inter-rater reliability
coefficient (ICC) for these assessments was calculated to be 0.85. If the total possible score on the FMS tool
is 21 points, how many of these points can be attributed to reliable measurements?
Solution: Inter-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is a measure of reliability ranging from 0 to 1, with
1 indicating perfect reliability. Given ICC = 0.85, this means that 85
To find the reliable portion of the measurements: Reliable Measurement = ICC x Total Possible Score
Reliable Measurement = 0.85 x 21 Reliable Measurement = 17.85
Therefore, 17.85 points on the FMS tool can be attributed to reliable measurements in predicting injury
risk.
Plugging in the values:
z=(30 −20)
5=10
5= 2
Therefore, the z-score for the new participant who can maintain the one-legged stance for 30 seconds is
2.
5. Question: In a study assessing inter-rater reliability for Functional Movement Screening, three raters
independently scored the same participant’s deep squat movement pattern out of a total possible score of 21.
Rater 1 scored 18, Rater 2 scored 19, and Rater 3 scored 17. Calculate the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
(ICC) for this inter-rater reliability scenario.
Solution: 1. Calculate the mean of the scores: Mean score = (18 + 19 + 17) / 3 Mean score = 54 / 3
Mean score = 18
2. Calculate the sum of squares of differences within raters (SSwithin) : SSwithin = (18 −18)2+
(19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSwithin = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSwithin = 0 + 1 + 1SSwithin = 2
3. Calculate the sum of squares of differences between raters (SSbetween) : SSbetween = (18 −
18)2+ (19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSbetween = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSbetween = 0 + 1 + 1SSbetween = 2
4. Calculate the Total Sum of Squares (SStotal) : SStotal =SSwithin +SSbetweenSStotal =
2+2SStotal = 4
5. Calculate the Mean Square Errors (MSE): MSE = SSwithin/(n∗(k−1))M SE = 2/(3 ∗(3 −
1))MSE = 2/6MSE = 0.3333
6. Calculate the ICC: ICC = (MSbetween−MSE)/(MSbetween+(k−1)∗MSE)Sincethereare3raters, k =
3
MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1)MSbetween = 2/(3 −1)MSbetween = 2/2M Sbetween = 1
ICC = (1 - 0.3333) / (1 + 2*0.3333) ICC = 0.6667 / 1.6666 ICC 0.4
Therefore, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the inter-rater reliability in this scenario is
approximately 0.4.
6. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores in a
group of 50 athletes, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the total FMS score was found to be
0.87. What is the interpretation of this ICC value?
Solution: To interpret the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value in the context of reliability
analysis, we can classify it as follows:
- ICC < 0.5: Poor reliability - 0.5 ICC < 0.75: Moderate reliability - 0.75 ICC < 0.9: Good reliability -
ICC 0.9: Excellent reliability
Given that the ICC value for the total FMS score in this study of 50 athletes is 0.87, this value falls within
the range of 0.75 ICC < 0.9, indicating a good reliability of the FMS scores in assessing functional move-
ment patterns in these athletes. This suggests that the FMS tool is consistent and dependable in evaluating
functional movement patterns in this group of individuals.
7. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, a participant demonstrated compen-
satory movement patterns in the squat assessment, resulting in a modified score of 1.5. If the perfect score
for the squat assessment is 3, what percentage of the ideal movement pattern did the participant exhibit?
Solution: To calculate the percentage of the ideal movement pattern exhibited by the participant during
the squat assessment, you can use the following formula:
Percentage = (Participant’s Score / Perfect Score) * 100
Given that the participant’s modified score is 1.5 and the perfect score is 3, we can substitute the values
into the formula:
Percentage = (1.5 / 3) * 100 Percentage = 0.5 * 100 Percentage = 50
Therefore, the participant exhibited 50
8. Question: In a study comparing qualitative and quantitative assessments in Functional Movement
Screening, 50 participants were evaluated using both methods. The quantitative assessment scored an aver-
age of 18.5 out of 21 points for each participant, while the qualitative assessment classified 30 participants
as having poor movement patterns. What percentage of participants had poor movement patterns according
to the qualitative assessment?
Solution: Total participants evaluated = 50
Number of participants classified as poor movers according to qualitative assessment = 30
Percentage of participants classified as poor movers = (Number of poor movers / Total participants) x
100= (30 / 50) x 100= 0.6 x 100= 60
Therefore, 60
9. Question: In a study utilizing a motion capture system for Functional Movement Screening and
Analysis, a subject performed five different functional movements. The system recorded an average of 15
degrees of hip flexion during a squat assessment. What is the total range of motion (in degrees) if the
subject’s hip extension during the same squat assessment was measured to be 25 degrees?
Solution: The total range of motion for the hip during the squat assessment can be calculated by adding
the degrees of hip flexion and hip extension. Given: Average hip flexion = 15 degrees Hip extension = 25
degrees
Total range of motion = Hip flexion + Hip extension Total range of motion = 15 degrees + 25 degrees
Total range of motion = 40 degrees
Therefore, the total range of motion for the subject’s hip during the squat assessment is 40 degrees.
10. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis session, a participant scores 2 on
the Overhead Squat assessment due to an inability to maintain the torso in alignment with the lower body.
How many points would be deducted from the total score for this specific movement pattern?
Solution: The Overhead Squat assessment in Functional Movement Screening and Analysis deducts a
total of 3 points for deviations such as torso alignment issues. Since the participant scored 2 due to the
inability to maintain torso alignment, 3 points (maximum deduction) would be subtracted from the total
score.
Final numerical answer: 3 points.
11. Question: In a study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 8 upper body movements were recorded for each participant. If there were 15 participants
in the study, how many total upper body movements were recorded in the study?
Solution: To find the total number of upper body movements recorded in the study, we need to multiply
the number of movements recorded per participant by the total number of participants.
Number of upper body movements recorded per participant = 8 Total number of participants = 15
Total number of upper body movements = Number of movements per participant x Total number of
participants Total number of upper body movements = 8 x 15 Total number of upper body movements = 120
Therefore, in the study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 120 upper body movements were recorded.
12. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tool,
20 participants were assessed twice within a one-week interval. The mean score for the first assessment
was 16.5, with a standard deviation of 2.1, and the mean score for the second assessment was 17.3, with a
standard deviation of 2.4. Calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the reliability
of the FMS tool in this study.
Solution: ICC can be calculated using the formula: ICC = (Between Subject Variance) / (Between
Subject Variance + Within Subject Variance)
First, we need to calculate the Between Subject Variance: BSV = ( individuals’ means - grand mean)2/totalnumberofassessmentsBSV =
[((16.5 + 17.3)/2−(16.5 + 17.3)/2)2]/20BSV = (16.9−16.9)2/20BSV = 0
Next, we calculate the Within Subject Variance: WSV = (2−2
B)/kwhere2=Averageoftheindividual′svariances,2
B=
GrandV ariance, andk =Numberofassessments2= [(2.12+2.42)/2] = (4.41+5.76)/2=5.0852
B=
(individuals′overallscores−grandmean)2/totalnumberofassessments2
B= [((16.5−16.9)2+(17.3−
16.9)2)/20] = (0.16 + 0.16)/20 = 0.016W SV = (5.085 −0.016)/2=5.069/2=2.535
Now we calculate the ICC: ICC = 0 / (0 + 2.535) = 0 / 2.535 = 0
Therefore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the reliability of the Functional Movement
Screen (FMS) tool in this study is 0, indicating low reliability.
13. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
tool, two independent raters evaluated a group of 25 participants’ movement patterns. Rater 1 scored an av-
erage of 17.4 points per participant, while Rater 2 scored an average of 16.8 points per participant. Calculate
the inter-rater reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) formula for absolute agreement.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the total scores from both raters. Total mean = (Rater 1 mean +
Rater 2 mean) / 2 Total mean = (17.4 + 16.8) / 2 Total mean = 17.1
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each rater’s scores and the total mean.
SSbetween = 25 ∗[(17.4−17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSbetween = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSbetween =
25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSbetween = 25 ∗0.18SSbetween = 4.5
Step 3: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences within raters. SSwithin = 25 ∗[(17.4−
17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSwithin =
25 ∗0.18SSwithin = 4.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC for absolute agreement. ICC = (MSbetween −MSwithin)/(M Sbetween +
(k−1) ∗MSwithin)MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1) = 4.5/1=4.5MSwithin =SSwithin/(N∗
k)=4.5/(25 ∗2) = 0.09
ICC = (4.5 - 0.09) / (4.5 + 0.09) ICC = 4.41 / 4.59 ICC 0.96
Therefore, the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen tool in this study is approxi-
mately 0.96, indicating high agreement between the two raters in assessing movement patterns.
14. Question: Using a pressure plate technology during Functional Movement Screening, an athlete
performs a single-leg squat and generates a peak force of 350 N. If the athlete’s body weight is 70 kg, what
is the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio in N/kg?
Solution: To calculate the peak force-to-body weight ratio, we need to divide the peak force generated
by the athlete by the athlete’s body weight.
Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = Peak Force / Body Weight
Given: Peak Force = 350 N Body Weight = 70 kg
Convert the athlete’s body weight from kg to N using the acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.81 m/s2) :
BodyW eight = 70kg ∗9.81m/s2BodyW eight = 686.7N
Now, calculate the Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio: Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = 350 N / 686.7
N Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio 0.51 N/kg
Therefore, the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio during the single-leg squat using the pressure
plate technology is approximately 0.51 N/kg.
15. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant receives a score of 1 for a
movement pattern that is performed perfectly, a score of 2 for a movement pattern with slight compensations,
and a score of 3 for a movement pattern that is performed with noticeable dysfunction. If a participant scores
a total of 14 points across seven movement patterns, what would be their average score per movement
pattern?
Solution: To find the average score per movement pattern, we need to divide the total score by the
number of movement patterns assessed.
Total score = 14 Number of movement patterns = 7
Average score per movement pattern = Total score / Number of movement patterns Average score per
movement pattern = 14 / 7 Average score per movement pattern = 2
Therefore, the average score per movement pattern for this participant is 2.
16. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis Study, an athlete scored a total of
14 points on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen. Given that a perfect score is 21 points, what
percentage did the athlete score on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen?
Solution: To find the percentage score of the athlete on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen,
we use the formula:
Percentage = (Points earned / Total possible points) * 100
Plugging in the values: Percentage = (14 / 21) * 100 Percentage = 0.6667 * 100 Percentage 66.67
Therefore, the athlete scored approximately 66.67
17. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual presents with a score
of 1 for poor breathing mechanics. If the maximum score for breathing mechanics is 3, what percentage
represents the individual’s score in this area?
Solution: To find the percentage score for breathing mechanics, we will use the formula: Percentage
score = (Individual’s score / Maximum score) * 100
Given that the individual’s score for breathing mechanics is 1 and the maximum score is 3: Percentage
score = (1 / 3) * 100 Percentage score = 0.333 * 100 Percentage score = 33.33
Therefore, the individual’s score for breathing mechanics during the Functional Movement Screening is
33.33
18. Question: What is the maximum possible score in the Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test?
Solution: The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test comprises seven fundamental movement
patterns that are scored on a scale of 0 to 3 points each. Therefore, the maximum possible score in the FMS
test is 21.
Final numerical answer: 21
19. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening (FMS) study evaluating athletes, an athlete scores 3
on the Deep Squat test, 2 on the Hurdle Step test, 3 on the In-Line Lunge test, 2 on the Shoulder Mobility
test, 2 on the Active Straight Leg Raise test, 1 on the Trunk Stability Push-Up test, and 3 on the Rotary
Stability test. Calculate the total FMS score for this athlete.
Solution: - Deep Squat Test: 3 - Hurdle Step Test: 2 - In-Line Lunge Test: 3 - Shoulder Mobility Test:
2 - Active Straight Leg Raise Test: 2 - Trunk Stability Push-Up Test: 1 - Rotary Stability Test: 3
To calculate the total FMS score for the athlete, we sum up the scores from each test:
Total FMS score = 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 Total FMS score = 16
Therefore, the total FMS score for this athlete is 16.
20. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant performs the Deep Squat
test. The participant’s chest is falling forward, and their heels are elevated off the ground. The assessor
assigns a score of 1 for this movement. How many points are deducted in total for this flawed Deep Squat
movement pattern?
Solution: In Functional Movement Screening, the Deep Squat test assesses the participant’s ability to
perform a deep squat with proper form. If the participant’s heels are elevated off the ground and the chest
is falling forward, it indicates a significant movement dysfunction. In this case, a score of 1 is assigned for
this flawed movement pattern.
According to the Functional Movement Screen scoring system: - If a score of 1 is assigned, a deduction
of 2 points is made for this movement pattern.
Therefore, in total, 2 points are deducted for the flawed Deep Squat movement pattern.
21. Question: In Functional Movement Screening, what is the maximum score an athlete can achieve
on the Deep Squat test?
Solution: The Deep Squat test in Functional Movement Screening evaluates an athlete’s ability to per-
form a fundamental movement pattern - the deep squat. This movement assesses bilateral symmetrical
mobility and stability of the hips, knees, and ankles. In this test, the athlete can score up to 3 points on each
side, totaling 6 points if both sides are perfect. The athlete can score as follows:
- 0 points: Painful movement or unable to perform the deep squat. - 1 point: Major compensations in
movement pattern. - 2 points: Moderate compensations in movement pattern. - 3 points: Perfect execution
of the deep squat.
Therefore, the maximum score an athlete can achieve on the Deep Squat test in Functional Movement
Screening is 6 points.
22. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual is assessed on their trunk
stability push-up test where they perform 10 repetitions. The assessor notes that the individual’s technique
scores are as follows: 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, and 3. What is the total score for the trunk stability push-up
test?
Solution: To find the total score for the trunk stability push-up test, we sum up all the individual tech-
nique scores.
Totalscore=2+2+1+3+2+1+2+3+2+3Totalscore=21
Therefore, the total score for the trunk stability push-up test is 21.
23. Question: In a study assessing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols, an
individual was assessed by two different raters on the same day with a 7-day interval between assessments.
The individual scored 15 on the first assessment and 16 on the second assessment. Calculate the Intraclass
Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the FMS scores.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the two FMS scores. Mean = (15 + 16) / 2 = 31 / 2 = 15.5
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each score and the mean. SS = (15 -
15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SS = (−0.5)2+ (0.5)2SS = 0.25 + 0.25SS = 0.5
Step 3: Calculate the total sum of squares. SStotal = (15 −15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SStotal = 0.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC using the formula: ICC = (SScorrelated)/(SScorrelated+SSerror)ICC =
(SStotal −SSerror)/(SStotal +SSerror)
Step 5: Since we have a 1-way random effects model, the formula becomes: ICC = (MSbetween −
MSwithin)/(MSbetween + (k−1) ∗MSwithin +k∗M Serror)
Step 6: Calculate the degrees of freedom for each component: dofbetween = 1dofwithin =n−1 =
2−1=1doferror =n(k−1) = 2(2 −1) = 2
Step 7: Calculate the mean square values: MSbetween =SSbetween/dofbetween = 0/1=0MSwithin =
SSwithin/dofwithin = 0.5/1=0.5MSerror =SSerror/doferror
Step 8: Substitute the values into the ICC formula: ICC = (0 - 0.5) / (0 + 1 * 0.5 + 2 * MSerror)ICC =
−0.5/(1 + 0.5+2∗MSerror)
Since we don’t have the value of MSerrorgiveninthisquestion, wecan′tcalculatetheICCwithoutthisinformation.
24. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS)
protocols, three assessors independently scored a participant’s movement patterns using the FMS scoring
criteria. The total scores assigned by each assessor to the same participant were as follows: Assessor 1: 17
Assessor 2: 16 Assessor 3: 18
Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient to determine the inter-rater reliability of the FMS protocols in
this study.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the proportion of agreements (Pa) between the assessors. Pa = (Number of
total agreements) / (Number of total possible agreements) Pa = [(number of assessors * number of assessors’
possible scores) - number of assessors] / [((number of assessors) * (number of assessors - 1))]
Pa=[(3*3)-3]/[(3*2)]=6/6=1
Step 2: Calculate the proportion of observed agreements (Po) among assessors. Po = (Pr) / n Pr = 1/(3-1)
* (Pa) Pr = 1/2 * 1 = 0.5
Po = 0.5 / 3 = 0.1667
Step 3: Calculate the proportion of agreement expected by chance (Pe). Pe = (q2
i)whereqiistheproportionofassessorsgivingscorei.Here, q1=
1/3, q2= 1/3, andq3= 1/3.
Pe = (1/3)2+ (1/3)2+ (1/3)2= 1/9+1/9+1/9=1/3
Step 4: Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient. Kappa = (Po - Pe) / (1 - Pe) Kappa = (0.1667 - 0.3333)
/ (1 - 0.3333) Kappa = -0.1666 / 0.6667 = -0.2499
Therefore, the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient for the FMS protocols in this study is approximately -0.2499.
25. Question: In a study analyzing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols
in predicting injury risk, a sample of 50 athletes were assessed using the FMS tool. The inter-rater reliability
coefficient (ICC) for these assessments was calculated to be 0.85. If the total possible score on the FMS tool
is 21 points, how many of these points can be attributed to reliable measurements?
Solution: Inter-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is a measure of reliability ranging from 0 to 1, with
1 indicating perfect reliability. Given ICC = 0.85, this means that 85
To find the reliable portion of the measurements: Reliable Measurement = ICC x Total Possible Score
Reliable Measurement = 0.85 x 21 Reliable Measurement = 17.85
Therefore, 17.85 points on the FMS tool can be attributed to reliable measurements in predicting injury
risk.
Plugging in the values:
z=(30 −20)
5=10
5= 2
Therefore, the z-score for the new participant who can maintain the one-legged stance for 30 seconds is
2.
5. Question: In a study assessing inter-rater reliability for Functional Movement Screening, three raters
independently scored the same participant’s deep squat movement pattern out of a total possible score of 21.
Rater 1 scored 18, Rater 2 scored 19, and Rater 3 scored 17. Calculate the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
(ICC) for this inter-rater reliability scenario.
Solution: 1. Calculate the mean of the scores: Mean score = (18 + 19 + 17) / 3 Mean score = 54 / 3
Mean score = 18
2. Calculate the sum of squares of differences within raters (SSwithin) : SSwithin = (18 −18)2+
(19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSwithin = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSwithin = 0 + 1 + 1SSwithin = 2
3. Calculate the sum of squares of differences between raters (SSbetween) : SSbetween = (18 −
18)2+ (19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSbetween = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSbetween = 0 + 1 + 1SSbetween = 2
4. Calculate the Total Sum of Squares (SStotal) : SStotal =SSwithin +SSbetweenSStotal =
2+2SStotal = 4
5. Calculate the Mean Square Errors (MSE): MSE = SSwithin/(n∗(k−1))M SE = 2/(3 ∗(3 −
1))MSE = 2/6MSE = 0.3333
6. Calculate the ICC: ICC = (MSbetween−MSE)/(MSbetween+(k−1)∗MSE)Sincethereare3raters, k =
3
MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1)MSbetween = 2/(3 −1)MSbetween = 2/2M Sbetween = 1
ICC = (1 - 0.3333) / (1 + 2*0.3333) ICC = 0.6667 / 1.6666 ICC 0.4
Therefore, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the inter-rater reliability in this scenario is
approximately 0.4.
6. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores in a
group of 50 athletes, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the total FMS score was found to be
0.87. What is the interpretation of this ICC value?
Solution: To interpret the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value in the context of reliability
analysis, we can classify it as follows:
- ICC < 0.5: Poor reliability - 0.5 ICC < 0.75: Moderate reliability - 0.75 ICC < 0.9: Good reliability -
ICC 0.9: Excellent reliability
Given that the ICC value for the total FMS score in this study of 50 athletes is 0.87, this value falls within
the range of 0.75 ICC < 0.9, indicating a good reliability of the FMS scores in assessing functional move-
ment patterns in these athletes. This suggests that the FMS tool is consistent and dependable in evaluating
functional movement patterns in this group of individuals.
7. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, a participant demonstrated compen-
satory movement patterns in the squat assessment, resulting in a modified score of 1.5. If the perfect score
for the squat assessment is 3, what percentage of the ideal movement pattern did the participant exhibit?
Solution: To calculate the percentage of the ideal movement pattern exhibited by the participant during
the squat assessment, you can use the following formula:
Percentage = (Participant’s Score / Perfect Score) * 100
Given that the participant’s modified score is 1.5 and the perfect score is 3, we can substitute the values
into the formula:
Percentage = (1.5 / 3) * 100 Percentage = 0.5 * 100 Percentage = 50
Therefore, the participant exhibited 50
8. Question: In a study comparing qualitative and quantitative assessments in Functional Movement
Screening, 50 participants were evaluated using both methods. The quantitative assessment scored an aver-
age of 18.5 out of 21 points for each participant, while the qualitative assessment classified 30 participants
as having poor movement patterns. What percentage of participants had poor movement patterns according
to the qualitative assessment?
Solution: Total participants evaluated = 50
Number of participants classified as poor movers according to qualitative assessment = 30
Percentage of participants classified as poor movers = (Number of poor movers / Total participants) x
100= (30 / 50) x 100= 0.6 x 100= 60
Therefore, 60
9. Question: In a study utilizing a motion capture system for Functional Movement Screening and
Analysis, a subject performed five different functional movements. The system recorded an average of 15
degrees of hip flexion during a squat assessment. What is the total range of motion (in degrees) if the
subject’s hip extension during the same squat assessment was measured to be 25 degrees?
Solution: The total range of motion for the hip during the squat assessment can be calculated by adding
the degrees of hip flexion and hip extension. Given: Average hip flexion = 15 degrees Hip extension = 25
degrees
Total range of motion = Hip flexion + Hip extension Total range of motion = 15 degrees + 25 degrees
Total range of motion = 40 degrees
Therefore, the total range of motion for the subject’s hip during the squat assessment is 40 degrees.
10. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis session, a participant scores 2 on
the Overhead Squat assessment due to an inability to maintain the torso in alignment with the lower body.
How many points would be deducted from the total score for this specific movement pattern?
Solution: The Overhead Squat assessment in Functional Movement Screening and Analysis deducts a
total of 3 points for deviations such as torso alignment issues. Since the participant scored 2 due to the
inability to maintain torso alignment, 3 points (maximum deduction) would be subtracted from the total
score.
Final numerical answer: 3 points.
11. Question: In a study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 8 upper body movements were recorded for each participant. If there were 15 participants
in the study, how many total upper body movements were recorded in the study?
Solution: To find the total number of upper body movements recorded in the study, we need to multiply
the number of movements recorded per participant by the total number of participants.
Number of upper body movements recorded per participant = 8 Total number of participants = 15
Total number of upper body movements = Number of movements per participant x Total number of
participants Total number of upper body movements = 8 x 15 Total number of upper body movements = 120
Therefore, in the study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 120 upper body movements were recorded.
12. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tool,
20 participants were assessed twice within a one-week interval. The mean score for the first assessment
was 16.5, with a standard deviation of 2.1, and the mean score for the second assessment was 17.3, with a
standard deviation of 2.4. Calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the reliability
of the FMS tool in this study.
Solution: ICC can be calculated using the formula: ICC = (Between Subject Variance) / (Between
Subject Variance + Within Subject Variance)
First, we need to calculate the Between Subject Variance: BSV = ( individuals’ means - grand mean)2/totalnumberofassessmentsBSV =
[((16.5 + 17.3)/2−(16.5 + 17.3)/2)2]/20BSV = (16.9−16.9)2/20BSV = 0
Next, we calculate the Within Subject Variance: WSV = (2−2
B)/kwhere2=Averageoftheindividual′svariances,2
B=
GrandV ariance, andk =Numberofassessments2= [(2.12+2.42)/2] = (4.41+5.76)/2=5.0852
B=
(individuals′overallscores−grandmean)2/totalnumberofassessments2
B= [((16.5−16.9)2+(17.3−
16.9)2)/20] = (0.16 + 0.16)/20 = 0.016W SV = (5.085 −0.016)/2=5.069/2=2.535
Now we calculate the ICC: ICC = 0 / (0 + 2.535) = 0 / 2.535 = 0
Therefore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the reliability of the Functional Movement
Screen (FMS) tool in this study is 0, indicating low reliability.
13. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
tool, two independent raters evaluated a group of 25 participants’ movement patterns. Rater 1 scored an av-
erage of 17.4 points per participant, while Rater 2 scored an average of 16.8 points per participant. Calculate
the inter-rater reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) formula for absolute agreement.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the total scores from both raters. Total mean = (Rater 1 mean +
Rater 2 mean) / 2 Total mean = (17.4 + 16.8) / 2 Total mean = 17.1
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each rater’s scores and the total mean.
SSbetween = 25 ∗[(17.4−17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSbetween = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSbetween =
25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSbetween = 25 ∗0.18SSbetween = 4.5
Step 3: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences within raters. SSwithin = 25 ∗[(17.4−
17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSwithin =
25 ∗0.18SSwithin = 4.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC for absolute agreement. ICC = (MSbetween −MSwithin)/(M Sbetween +
(k−1) ∗MSwithin)MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1) = 4.5/1=4.5MSwithin =SSwithin/(N∗
k)=4.5/(25 ∗2) = 0.09
ICC = (4.5 - 0.09) / (4.5 + 0.09) ICC = 4.41 / 4.59 ICC 0.96
Therefore, the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen tool in this study is approxi-
mately 0.96, indicating high agreement between the two raters in assessing movement patterns.
14. Question: Using a pressure plate technology during Functional Movement Screening, an athlete
performs a single-leg squat and generates a peak force of 350 N. If the athlete’s body weight is 70 kg, what
is the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio in N/kg?
Solution: To calculate the peak force-to-body weight ratio, we need to divide the peak force generated
by the athlete by the athlete’s body weight.
Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = Peak Force / Body Weight
Given: Peak Force = 350 N Body Weight = 70 kg
Convert the athlete’s body weight from kg to N using the acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.81 m/s2) :
BodyW eight = 70kg ∗9.81m/s2BodyW eight = 686.7N
Now, calculate the Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio: Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = 350 N / 686.7
N Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio 0.51 N/kg
Therefore, the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio during the single-leg squat using the pressure
plate technology is approximately 0.51 N/kg.
15. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant receives a score of 1 for a
movement pattern that is performed perfectly, a score of 2 for a movement pattern with slight compensations,
and a score of 3 for a movement pattern that is performed with noticeable dysfunction. If a participant scores
a total of 14 points across seven movement patterns, what would be their average score per movement
pattern?
Solution: To find the average score per movement pattern, we need to divide the total score by the
number of movement patterns assessed.
Total score = 14 Number of movement patterns = 7
Average score per movement pattern = Total score / Number of movement patterns Average score per
movement pattern = 14 / 7 Average score per movement pattern = 2
Therefore, the average score per movement pattern for this participant is 2.
16. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis Study, an athlete scored a total of
14 points on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen. Given that a perfect score is 21 points, what
percentage did the athlete score on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen?
Solution: To find the percentage score of the athlete on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen,
we use the formula:
Percentage = (Points earned / Total possible points) * 100
Plugging in the values: Percentage = (14 / 21) * 100 Percentage = 0.6667 * 100 Percentage 66.67
Therefore, the athlete scored approximately 66.67
17. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual presents with a score
of 1 for poor breathing mechanics. If the maximum score for breathing mechanics is 3, what percentage
represents the individual’s score in this area?
Solution: To find the percentage score for breathing mechanics, we will use the formula: Percentage
score = (Individual’s score / Maximum score) * 100
Given that the individual’s score for breathing mechanics is 1 and the maximum score is 3: Percentage
score = (1 / 3) * 100 Percentage score = 0.333 * 100 Percentage score = 33.33
Therefore, the individual’s score for breathing mechanics during the Functional Movement Screening is
33.33
18. Question: What is the maximum possible score in the Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test?
Solution: The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test comprises seven fundamental movement
patterns that are scored on a scale of 0 to 3 points each. Therefore, the maximum possible score in the FMS
test is 21.
Final numerical answer: 21
19. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening (FMS) study evaluating athletes, an athlete scores 3
on the Deep Squat test, 2 on the Hurdle Step test, 3 on the In-Line Lunge test, 2 on the Shoulder Mobility
test, 2 on the Active Straight Leg Raise test, 1 on the Trunk Stability Push-Up test, and 3 on the Rotary
Stability test. Calculate the total FMS score for this athlete.
Solution: - Deep Squat Test: 3 - Hurdle Step Test: 2 - In-Line Lunge Test: 3 - Shoulder Mobility Test:
2 - Active Straight Leg Raise Test: 2 - Trunk Stability Push-Up Test: 1 - Rotary Stability Test: 3
To calculate the total FMS score for the athlete, we sum up the scores from each test:
Total FMS score = 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 Total FMS score = 16
Therefore, the total FMS score for this athlete is 16.
20. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant performs the Deep Squat
test. The participant’s chest is falling forward, and their heels are elevated off the ground. The assessor
assigns a score of 1 for this movement. How many points are deducted in total for this flawed Deep Squat
movement pattern?
Solution: In Functional Movement Screening, the Deep Squat test assesses the participant’s ability to
perform a deep squat with proper form. If the participant’s heels are elevated off the ground and the chest
is falling forward, it indicates a significant movement dysfunction. In this case, a score of 1 is assigned for
this flawed movement pattern.
According to the Functional Movement Screen scoring system: - If a score of 1 is assigned, a deduction
of 2 points is made for this movement pattern.
Therefore, in total, 2 points are deducted for the flawed Deep Squat movement pattern.
21. Question: In Functional Movement Screening, what is the maximum score an athlete can achieve
on the Deep Squat test?
Solution: The Deep Squat test in Functional Movement Screening evaluates an athlete’s ability to per-
form a fundamental movement pattern - the deep squat. This movement assesses bilateral symmetrical
mobility and stability of the hips, knees, and ankles. In this test, the athlete can score up to 3 points on each
side, totaling 6 points if both sides are perfect. The athlete can score as follows:
- 0 points: Painful movement or unable to perform the deep squat. - 1 point: Major compensations in
movement pattern. - 2 points: Moderate compensations in movement pattern. - 3 points: Perfect execution
of the deep squat.
Therefore, the maximum score an athlete can achieve on the Deep Squat test in Functional Movement
Screening is 6 points.
22. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual is assessed on their trunk
stability push-up test where they perform 10 repetitions. The assessor notes that the individual’s technique
scores are as follows: 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, and 3. What is the total score for the trunk stability push-up
test?
Solution: To find the total score for the trunk stability push-up test, we sum up all the individual tech-
nique scores.
Totalscore=2+2+1+3+2+1+2+3+2+3Totalscore=21
Therefore, the total score for the trunk stability push-up test is 21.
23. Question: In a study assessing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols, an
individual was assessed by two different raters on the same day with a 7-day interval between assessments.
The individual scored 15 on the first assessment and 16 on the second assessment. Calculate the Intraclass
Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the FMS scores.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the two FMS scores. Mean = (15 + 16) / 2 = 31 / 2 = 15.5
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each score and the mean. SS = (15 -
15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SS = (−0.5)2+ (0.5)2SS = 0.25 + 0.25SS = 0.5
Step 3: Calculate the total sum of squares. SStotal = (15 −15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SStotal = 0.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC using the formula: ICC = (SScorrelated)/(SScorrelated+SSerror)ICC =
(SStotal −SSerror)/(SStotal +SSerror)
Step 5: Since we have a 1-way random effects model, the formula becomes: ICC = (MSbetween −
MSwithin)/(MSbetween + (k−1) ∗MSwithin +k∗M Serror)
Step 6: Calculate the degrees of freedom for each component: dofbetween = 1dofwithin =n−1 =
2−1=1doferror =n(k−1) = 2(2 −1) = 2
Step 7: Calculate the mean square values: MSbetween =SSbetween/dofbetween = 0/1=0MSwithin =
SSwithin/dofwithin = 0.5/1=0.5MSerror =SSerror/doferror
Step 8: Substitute the values into the ICC formula: ICC = (0 - 0.5) / (0 + 1 * 0.5 + 2 * MSerror)ICC =
−0.5/(1 + 0.5+2∗MSerror)
Since we don’t have the value of MSerrorgiveninthisquestion, wecan′tcalculatetheICCwithoutthisinformation.
24. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS)
protocols, three assessors independently scored a participant’s movement patterns using the FMS scoring
criteria. The total scores assigned by each assessor to the same participant were as follows: Assessor 1: 17
Assessor 2: 16 Assessor 3: 18
Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient to determine the inter-rater reliability of the FMS protocols in
this study.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the proportion of agreements (Pa) between the assessors. Pa = (Number of
total agreements) / (Number of total possible agreements) Pa = [(number of assessors * number of assessors’
possible scores) - number of assessors] / [((number of assessors) * (number of assessors - 1))]
Pa=[(3*3)-3]/[(3*2)]=6/6=1
Step 2: Calculate the proportion of observed agreements (Po) among assessors. Po = (Pr) / n Pr = 1/(3-1)
* (Pa) Pr = 1/2 * 1 = 0.5
Po = 0.5 / 3 = 0.1667
Step 3: Calculate the proportion of agreement expected by chance (Pe). Pe = (q2
i)whereqiistheproportionofassessorsgivingscorei.Here, q1=
1/3, q2= 1/3, andq3= 1/3.
Pe = (1/3)2+ (1/3)2+ (1/3)2= 1/9+1/9+1/9=1/3
Step 4: Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient. Kappa = (Po - Pe) / (1 - Pe) Kappa = (0.1667 - 0.3333)
/ (1 - 0.3333) Kappa = -0.1666 / 0.6667 = -0.2499
Therefore, the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient for the FMS protocols in this study is approximately -0.2499.
25. Question: In a study analyzing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols
in predicting injury risk, a sample of 50 athletes were assessed using the FMS tool. The inter-rater reliability
coefficient (ICC) for these assessments was calculated to be 0.85. If the total possible score on the FMS tool
is 21 points, how many of these points can be attributed to reliable measurements?
Solution: Inter-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is a measure of reliability ranging from 0 to 1, with
1 indicating perfect reliability. Given ICC = 0.85, this means that 85
To find the reliable portion of the measurements: Reliable Measurement = ICC x Total Possible Score
Reliable Measurement = 0.85 x 21 Reliable Measurement = 17.85
Therefore, 17.85 points on the FMS tool can be attributed to reliable measurements in predicting injury
risk.
Plugging in the values:
z=(30 −20)
5=10
5= 2
Therefore, the z-score for the new participant who can maintain the one-legged stance for 30 seconds is
2.
5. Question: In a study assessing inter-rater reliability for Functional Movement Screening, three raters
independently scored the same participant’s deep squat movement pattern out of a total possible score of 21.
Rater 1 scored 18, Rater 2 scored 19, and Rater 3 scored 17. Calculate the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
(ICC) for this inter-rater reliability scenario.
Solution: 1. Calculate the mean of the scores: Mean score = (18 + 19 + 17) / 3 Mean score = 54 / 3
Mean score = 18
2. Calculate the sum of squares of differences within raters (SSwithin) : SSwithin = (18 −18)2+
(19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSwithin = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSwithin = 0 + 1 + 1SSwithin = 2
3. Calculate the sum of squares of differences between raters (SSbetween) : SSbetween = (18 −
18)2+ (19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSbetween = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSbetween = 0 + 1 + 1SSbetween = 2
4. Calculate the Total Sum of Squares (SStotal) : SStotal =SSwithin +SSbetweenSStotal =
2+2SStotal = 4
5. Calculate the Mean Square Errors (MSE): MSE = SSwithin/(n∗(k−1))M SE = 2/(3 ∗(3 −
1))MSE = 2/6MSE = 0.3333
6. Calculate the ICC: ICC = (MSbetween−MSE)/(MSbetween+(k−1)∗MSE)Sincethereare3raters, k =
3
MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1)MSbetween = 2/(3 −1)MSbetween = 2/2M Sbetween = 1
ICC = (1 - 0.3333) / (1 + 2*0.3333) ICC = 0.6667 / 1.6666 ICC 0.4
Therefore, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the inter-rater reliability in this scenario is
approximately 0.4.
6. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores in a
group of 50 athletes, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the total FMS score was found to be
0.87. What is the interpretation of this ICC value?
Solution: To interpret the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value in the context of reliability
analysis, we can classify it as follows:
- ICC < 0.5: Poor reliability - 0.5 ICC < 0.75: Moderate reliability - 0.75 ICC < 0.9: Good reliability -
ICC 0.9: Excellent reliability
Given that the ICC value for the total FMS score in this study of 50 athletes is 0.87, this value falls within
the range of 0.75 ICC < 0.9, indicating a good reliability of the FMS scores in assessing functional move-
ment patterns in these athletes. This suggests that the FMS tool is consistent and dependable in evaluating
functional movement patterns in this group of individuals.
7. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, a participant demonstrated compen-
satory movement patterns in the squat assessment, resulting in a modified score of 1.5. If the perfect score
for the squat assessment is 3, what percentage of the ideal movement pattern did the participant exhibit?
Solution: To calculate the percentage of the ideal movement pattern exhibited by the participant during
the squat assessment, you can use the following formula:
Percentage = (Participant’s Score / Perfect Score) * 100
Given that the participant’s modified score is 1.5 and the perfect score is 3, we can substitute the values
into the formula:
Percentage = (1.5 / 3) * 100 Percentage = 0.5 * 100 Percentage = 50
Therefore, the participant exhibited 50
8. Question: In a study comparing qualitative and quantitative assessments in Functional Movement
Screening, 50 participants were evaluated using both methods. The quantitative assessment scored an aver-
age of 18.5 out of 21 points for each participant, while the qualitative assessment classified 30 participants
as having poor movement patterns. What percentage of participants had poor movement patterns according
to the qualitative assessment?
Solution: Total participants evaluated = 50
Number of participants classified as poor movers according to qualitative assessment = 30
Percentage of participants classified as poor movers = (Number of poor movers / Total participants) x
100= (30 / 50) x 100= 0.6 x 100= 60
Therefore, 60
9. Question: In a study utilizing a motion capture system for Functional Movement Screening and
Analysis, a subject performed five different functional movements. The system recorded an average of 15
degrees of hip flexion during a squat assessment. What is the total range of motion (in degrees) if the
subject’s hip extension during the same squat assessment was measured to be 25 degrees?
Solution: The total range of motion for the hip during the squat assessment can be calculated by adding
the degrees of hip flexion and hip extension. Given: Average hip flexion = 15 degrees Hip extension = 25
degrees
Total range of motion = Hip flexion + Hip extension Total range of motion = 15 degrees + 25 degrees
Total range of motion = 40 degrees
Therefore, the total range of motion for the subject’s hip during the squat assessment is 40 degrees.
10. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis session, a participant scores 2 on
the Overhead Squat assessment due to an inability to maintain the torso in alignment with the lower body.
How many points would be deducted from the total score for this specific movement pattern?
Solution: The Overhead Squat assessment in Functional Movement Screening and Analysis deducts a
total of 3 points for deviations such as torso alignment issues. Since the participant scored 2 due to the
inability to maintain torso alignment, 3 points (maximum deduction) would be subtracted from the total
score.
Final numerical answer: 3 points.
11. Question: In a study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 8 upper body movements were recorded for each participant. If there were 15 participants
in the study, how many total upper body movements were recorded in the study?
Solution: To find the total number of upper body movements recorded in the study, we need to multiply
the number of movements recorded per participant by the total number of participants.
Number of upper body movements recorded per participant = 8 Total number of participants = 15
Total number of upper body movements = Number of movements per participant x Total number of
participants Total number of upper body movements = 8 x 15 Total number of upper body movements = 120
Therefore, in the study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 120 upper body movements were recorded.
12. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tool,
20 participants were assessed twice within a one-week interval. The mean score for the first assessment
was 16.5, with a standard deviation of 2.1, and the mean score for the second assessment was 17.3, with a
standard deviation of 2.4. Calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the reliability
of the FMS tool in this study.
Solution: ICC can be calculated using the formula: ICC = (Between Subject Variance) / (Between
Subject Variance + Within Subject Variance)
First, we need to calculate the Between Subject Variance: BSV = ( individuals’ means - grand mean)2/totalnumberofassessmentsBSV =
[((16.5 + 17.3)/2−(16.5 + 17.3)/2)2]/20BSV = (16.9−16.9)2/20BSV = 0
Next, we calculate the Within Subject Variance: WSV = (2−2
B)/kwhere2=Averageoftheindividual′svariances,2
B=
GrandV ariance, andk =Numberofassessments2= [(2.12+2.42)/2] = (4.41+5.76)/2=5.0852
B=
(individuals′overallscores−grandmean)2/totalnumberofassessments2
B= [((16.5−16.9)2+(17.3−
16.9)2)/20] = (0.16 + 0.16)/20 = 0.016W SV = (5.085 −0.016)/2=5.069/2=2.535
Now we calculate the ICC: ICC = 0 / (0 + 2.535) = 0 / 2.535 = 0
Therefore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the reliability of the Functional Movement
Screen (FMS) tool in this study is 0, indicating low reliability.
13. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
tool, two independent raters evaluated a group of 25 participants’ movement patterns. Rater 1 scored an av-
erage of 17.4 points per participant, while Rater 2 scored an average of 16.8 points per participant. Calculate
the inter-rater reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) formula for absolute agreement.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the total scores from both raters. Total mean = (Rater 1 mean +
Rater 2 mean) / 2 Total mean = (17.4 + 16.8) / 2 Total mean = 17.1
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each rater’s scores and the total mean.
SSbetween = 25 ∗[(17.4−17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSbetween = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSbetween =
25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSbetween = 25 ∗0.18SSbetween = 4.5
Step 3: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences within raters. SSwithin = 25 ∗[(17.4−
17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSwithin =
25 ∗0.18SSwithin = 4.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC for absolute agreement. ICC = (MSbetween −MSwithin)/(M Sbetween +
(k−1) ∗MSwithin)MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1) = 4.5/1=4.5MSwithin =SSwithin/(N∗
k)=4.5/(25 ∗2) = 0.09
ICC = (4.5 - 0.09) / (4.5 + 0.09) ICC = 4.41 / 4.59 ICC 0.96
Therefore, the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen tool in this study is approxi-
mately 0.96, indicating high agreement between the two raters in assessing movement patterns.
14. Question: Using a pressure plate technology during Functional Movement Screening, an athlete
performs a single-leg squat and generates a peak force of 350 N. If the athlete’s body weight is 70 kg, what
is the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio in N/kg?
Solution: To calculate the peak force-to-body weight ratio, we need to divide the peak force generated
by the athlete by the athlete’s body weight.
Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = Peak Force / Body Weight
Given: Peak Force = 350 N Body Weight = 70 kg
Convert the athlete’s body weight from kg to N using the acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.81 m/s2) :
BodyW eight = 70kg ∗9.81m/s2BodyW eight = 686.7N
Now, calculate the Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio: Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = 350 N / 686.7
N Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio 0.51 N/kg
Therefore, the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio during the single-leg squat using the pressure
plate technology is approximately 0.51 N/kg.
15. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant receives a score of 1 for a
movement pattern that is performed perfectly, a score of 2 for a movement pattern with slight compensations,
and a score of 3 for a movement pattern that is performed with noticeable dysfunction. If a participant scores
a total of 14 points across seven movement patterns, what would be their average score per movement
pattern?
Solution: To find the average score per movement pattern, we need to divide the total score by the
number of movement patterns assessed.
Total score = 14 Number of movement patterns = 7
Average score per movement pattern = Total score / Number of movement patterns Average score per
movement pattern = 14 / 7 Average score per movement pattern = 2
Therefore, the average score per movement pattern for this participant is 2.
16. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis Study, an athlete scored a total of
14 points on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen. Given that a perfect score is 21 points, what
percentage did the athlete score on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen?
Solution: To find the percentage score of the athlete on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen,
we use the formula:
Percentage = (Points earned / Total possible points) * 100
Plugging in the values: Percentage = (14 / 21) * 100 Percentage = 0.6667 * 100 Percentage 66.67
Therefore, the athlete scored approximately 66.67
17. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual presents with a score
of 1 for poor breathing mechanics. If the maximum score for breathing mechanics is 3, what percentage
represents the individual’s score in this area?
Solution: To find the percentage score for breathing mechanics, we will use the formula: Percentage
score = (Individual’s score / Maximum score) * 100
Given that the individual’s score for breathing mechanics is 1 and the maximum score is 3: Percentage
score = (1 / 3) * 100 Percentage score = 0.333 * 100 Percentage score = 33.33
Therefore, the individual’s score for breathing mechanics during the Functional Movement Screening is
33.33
18. Question: What is the maximum possible score in the Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test?
Solution: The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test comprises seven fundamental movement
patterns that are scored on a scale of 0 to 3 points each. Therefore, the maximum possible score in the FMS
test is 21.
Final numerical answer: 21
19. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening (FMS) study evaluating athletes, an athlete scores 3
on the Deep Squat test, 2 on the Hurdle Step test, 3 on the In-Line Lunge test, 2 on the Shoulder Mobility
test, 2 on the Active Straight Leg Raise test, 1 on the Trunk Stability Push-Up test, and 3 on the Rotary
Stability test. Calculate the total FMS score for this athlete.
Solution: - Deep Squat Test: 3 - Hurdle Step Test: 2 - In-Line Lunge Test: 3 - Shoulder Mobility Test:
2 - Active Straight Leg Raise Test: 2 - Trunk Stability Push-Up Test: 1 - Rotary Stability Test: 3
To calculate the total FMS score for the athlete, we sum up the scores from each test:
Total FMS score = 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 Total FMS score = 16
Therefore, the total FMS score for this athlete is 16.
20. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant performs the Deep Squat
test. The participant’s chest is falling forward, and their heels are elevated off the ground. The assessor
assigns a score of 1 for this movement. How many points are deducted in total for this flawed Deep Squat
movement pattern?
Solution: In Functional Movement Screening, the Deep Squat test assesses the participant’s ability to
perform a deep squat with proper form. If the participant’s heels are elevated off the ground and the chest
is falling forward, it indicates a significant movement dysfunction. In this case, a score of 1 is assigned for
this flawed movement pattern.
According to the Functional Movement Screen scoring system: - If a score of 1 is assigned, a deduction
of 2 points is made for this movement pattern.
Therefore, in total, 2 points are deducted for the flawed Deep Squat movement pattern.
21. Question: In Functional Movement Screening, what is the maximum score an athlete can achieve
on the Deep Squat test?
Solution: The Deep Squat test in Functional Movement Screening evaluates an athlete’s ability to per-
form a fundamental movement pattern - the deep squat. This movement assesses bilateral symmetrical
mobility and stability of the hips, knees, and ankles. In this test, the athlete can score up to 3 points on each
side, totaling 6 points if both sides are perfect. The athlete can score as follows:
- 0 points: Painful movement or unable to perform the deep squat. - 1 point: Major compensations in
movement pattern. - 2 points: Moderate compensations in movement pattern. - 3 points: Perfect execution
of the deep squat.
Therefore, the maximum score an athlete can achieve on the Deep Squat test in Functional Movement
Screening is 6 points.
22. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual is assessed on their trunk
stability push-up test where they perform 10 repetitions. The assessor notes that the individual’s technique
scores are as follows: 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, and 3. What is the total score for the trunk stability push-up
test?
Solution: To find the total score for the trunk stability push-up test, we sum up all the individual tech-
nique scores.
Totalscore=2+2+1+3+2+1+2+3+2+3Totalscore=21
Therefore, the total score for the trunk stability push-up test is 21.
23. Question: In a study assessing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols, an
individual was assessed by two different raters on the same day with a 7-day interval between assessments.
The individual scored 15 on the first assessment and 16 on the second assessment. Calculate the Intraclass
Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the FMS scores.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the two FMS scores. Mean = (15 + 16) / 2 = 31 / 2 = 15.5
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each score and the mean. SS = (15 -
15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SS = (−0.5)2+ (0.5)2SS = 0.25 + 0.25SS = 0.5
Step 3: Calculate the total sum of squares. SStotal = (15 −15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SStotal = 0.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC using the formula: ICC = (SScorrelated)/(SScorrelated+SSerror)ICC =
(SStotal −SSerror)/(SStotal +SSerror)
Step 5: Since we have a 1-way random effects model, the formula becomes: ICC = (MSbetween −
MSwithin)/(MSbetween + (k−1) ∗MSwithin +k∗M Serror)
Step 6: Calculate the degrees of freedom for each component: dofbetween = 1dofwithin =n−1 =
2−1=1doferror =n(k−1) = 2(2 −1) = 2
Step 7: Calculate the mean square values: MSbetween =SSbetween/dofbetween = 0/1=0MSwithin =
SSwithin/dofwithin = 0.5/1=0.5MSerror =SSerror/doferror
Step 8: Substitute the values into the ICC formula: ICC = (0 - 0.5) / (0 + 1 * 0.5 + 2 * MSerror)ICC =
−0.5/(1 + 0.5+2∗MSerror)
Since we don’t have the value of MSerrorgiveninthisquestion, wecan′tcalculatetheICCwithoutthisinformation.
24. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS)
protocols, three assessors independently scored a participant’s movement patterns using the FMS scoring
criteria. The total scores assigned by each assessor to the same participant were as follows: Assessor 1: 17
Assessor 2: 16 Assessor 3: 18
Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient to determine the inter-rater reliability of the FMS protocols in
this study.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the proportion of agreements (Pa) between the assessors. Pa = (Number of
total agreements) / (Number of total possible agreements) Pa = [(number of assessors * number of assessors’
possible scores) - number of assessors] / [((number of assessors) * (number of assessors - 1))]
Pa=[(3*3)-3]/[(3*2)]=6/6=1
Step 2: Calculate the proportion of observed agreements (Po) among assessors. Po = (Pr) / n Pr = 1/(3-1)
* (Pa) Pr = 1/2 * 1 = 0.5
Po = 0.5 / 3 = 0.1667
Step 3: Calculate the proportion of agreement expected by chance (Pe). Pe = (q2
i)whereqiistheproportionofassessorsgivingscorei.Here, q1=
1/3, q2= 1/3, andq3= 1/3.
Pe = (1/3)2+ (1/3)2+ (1/3)2= 1/9+1/9+1/9=1/3
Step 4: Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient. Kappa = (Po - Pe) / (1 - Pe) Kappa = (0.1667 - 0.3333)
/ (1 - 0.3333) Kappa = -0.1666 / 0.6667 = -0.2499
Therefore, the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient for the FMS protocols in this study is approximately -0.2499.
25. Question: In a study analyzing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols
in predicting injury risk, a sample of 50 athletes were assessed using the FMS tool. The inter-rater reliability
coefficient (ICC) for these assessments was calculated to be 0.85. If the total possible score on the FMS tool
is 21 points, how many of these points can be attributed to reliable measurements?
Solution: Inter-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is a measure of reliability ranging from 0 to 1, with
1 indicating perfect reliability. Given ICC = 0.85, this means that 85
To find the reliable portion of the measurements: Reliable Measurement = ICC x Total Possible Score
Reliable Measurement = 0.85 x 21 Reliable Measurement = 17.85
Therefore, 17.85 points on the FMS tool can be attributed to reliable measurements in predicting injury
risk.
Plugging in the values:
z=(30 −20)
5=10
5= 2
Therefore, the z-score for the new participant who can maintain the one-legged stance for 30 seconds is
2.
5. Question: In a study assessing inter-rater reliability for Functional Movement Screening, three raters
independently scored the same participant’s deep squat movement pattern out of a total possible score of 21.
Rater 1 scored 18, Rater 2 scored 19, and Rater 3 scored 17. Calculate the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
(ICC) for this inter-rater reliability scenario.
Solution: 1. Calculate the mean of the scores: Mean score = (18 + 19 + 17) / 3 Mean score = 54 / 3
Mean score = 18
2. Calculate the sum of squares of differences within raters (SSwithin) : SSwithin = (18 −18)2+
(19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSwithin = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSwithin = 0 + 1 + 1SSwithin = 2
3. Calculate the sum of squares of differences between raters (SSbetween) : SSbetween = (18 −
18)2+ (19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSbetween = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSbetween = 0 + 1 + 1SSbetween = 2
4. Calculate the Total Sum of Squares (SStotal) : SStotal =SSwithin +SSbetweenSStotal =
2+2SStotal = 4
5. Calculate the Mean Square Errors (MSE): MSE = SSwithin/(n∗(k−1))M SE = 2/(3 ∗(3 −
1))MSE = 2/6MSE = 0.3333
6. Calculate the ICC: ICC = (MSbetween−MSE)/(MSbetween+(k−1)∗MSE)Sincethereare3raters, k =
3
MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1)MSbetween = 2/(3 −1)MSbetween = 2/2M Sbetween = 1
ICC = (1 - 0.3333) / (1 + 2*0.3333) ICC = 0.6667 / 1.6666 ICC 0.4
Therefore, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the inter-rater reliability in this scenario is
approximately 0.4.
6. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores in a
group of 50 athletes, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the total FMS score was found to be
0.87. What is the interpretation of this ICC value?
Solution: To interpret the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value in the context of reliability
analysis, we can classify it as follows:
- ICC < 0.5: Poor reliability - 0.5 ICC < 0.75: Moderate reliability - 0.75 ICC < 0.9: Good reliability -
ICC 0.9: Excellent reliability
Given that the ICC value for the total FMS score in this study of 50 athletes is 0.87, this value falls within
the range of 0.75 ICC < 0.9, indicating a good reliability of the FMS scores in assessing functional move-
ment patterns in these athletes. This suggests that the FMS tool is consistent and dependable in evaluating
functional movement patterns in this group of individuals.
7. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, a participant demonstrated compen-
satory movement patterns in the squat assessment, resulting in a modified score of 1.5. If the perfect score
for the squat assessment is 3, what percentage of the ideal movement pattern did the participant exhibit?
Solution: To calculate the percentage of the ideal movement pattern exhibited by the participant during
the squat assessment, you can use the following formula:
Percentage = (Participant’s Score / Perfect Score) * 100
Given that the participant’s modified score is 1.5 and the perfect score is 3, we can substitute the values
into the formula:
Percentage = (1.5 / 3) * 100 Percentage = 0.5 * 100 Percentage = 50
Therefore, the participant exhibited 50
8. Question: In a study comparing qualitative and quantitative assessments in Functional Movement
Screening, 50 participants were evaluated using both methods. The quantitative assessment scored an aver-
age of 18.5 out of 21 points for each participant, while the qualitative assessment classified 30 participants
as having poor movement patterns. What percentage of participants had poor movement patterns according
to the qualitative assessment?
Solution: Total participants evaluated = 50
Number of participants classified as poor movers according to qualitative assessment = 30
Percentage of participants classified as poor movers = (Number of poor movers / Total participants) x
100= (30 / 50) x 100= 0.6 x 100= 60
Therefore, 60
9. Question: In a study utilizing a motion capture system for Functional Movement Screening and
Analysis, a subject performed five different functional movements. The system recorded an average of 15
degrees of hip flexion during a squat assessment. What is the total range of motion (in degrees) if the
subject’s hip extension during the same squat assessment was measured to be 25 degrees?
Solution: The total range of motion for the hip during the squat assessment can be calculated by adding
the degrees of hip flexion and hip extension. Given: Average hip flexion = 15 degrees Hip extension = 25
degrees
Total range of motion = Hip flexion + Hip extension Total range of motion = 15 degrees + 25 degrees
Total range of motion = 40 degrees
Therefore, the total range of motion for the subject’s hip during the squat assessment is 40 degrees.
10. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis session, a participant scores 2 on
the Overhead Squat assessment due to an inability to maintain the torso in alignment with the lower body.
How many points would be deducted from the total score for this specific movement pattern?
Solution: The Overhead Squat assessment in Functional Movement Screening and Analysis deducts a
total of 3 points for deviations such as torso alignment issues. Since the participant scored 2 due to the
inability to maintain torso alignment, 3 points (maximum deduction) would be subtracted from the total
score.
Final numerical answer: 3 points.
11. Question: In a study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 8 upper body movements were recorded for each participant. If there were 15 participants
in the study, how many total upper body movements were recorded in the study?
Solution: To find the total number of upper body movements recorded in the study, we need to multiply
the number of movements recorded per participant by the total number of participants.
Number of upper body movements recorded per participant = 8 Total number of participants = 15
Total number of upper body movements = Number of movements per participant x Total number of
participants Total number of upper body movements = 8 x 15 Total number of upper body movements = 120
Therefore, in the study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 120 upper body movements were recorded.
12. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tool,
20 participants were assessed twice within a one-week interval. The mean score for the first assessment
was 16.5, with a standard deviation of 2.1, and the mean score for the second assessment was 17.3, with a
standard deviation of 2.4. Calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the reliability
of the FMS tool in this study.
Solution: ICC can be calculated using the formula: ICC = (Between Subject Variance) / (Between
Subject Variance + Within Subject Variance)
First, we need to calculate the Between Subject Variance: BSV = ( individuals’ means - grand mean)2/totalnumberofassessmentsBSV =
[((16.5 + 17.3)/2−(16.5 + 17.3)/2)2]/20BSV = (16.9−16.9)2/20BSV = 0
Next, we calculate the Within Subject Variance: WSV = (2−2
B)/kwhere2=Averageoftheindividual′svariances,2
B=
GrandV ariance, andk =Numberofassessments2= [(2.12+2.42)/2] = (4.41+5.76)/2=5.0852
B=
(individuals′overallscores−grandmean)2/totalnumberofassessments2
B= [((16.5−16.9)2+(17.3−
16.9)2)/20] = (0.16 + 0.16)/20 = 0.016W SV = (5.085 −0.016)/2=5.069/2=2.535
Now we calculate the ICC: ICC = 0 / (0 + 2.535) = 0 / 2.535 = 0
Therefore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the reliability of the Functional Movement
Screen (FMS) tool in this study is 0, indicating low reliability.
13. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
tool, two independent raters evaluated a group of 25 participants’ movement patterns. Rater 1 scored an av-
erage of 17.4 points per participant, while Rater 2 scored an average of 16.8 points per participant. Calculate
the inter-rater reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) formula for absolute agreement.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the total scores from both raters. Total mean = (Rater 1 mean +
Rater 2 mean) / 2 Total mean = (17.4 + 16.8) / 2 Total mean = 17.1
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each rater’s scores and the total mean.
SSbetween = 25 ∗[(17.4−17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSbetween = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSbetween =
25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSbetween = 25 ∗0.18SSbetween = 4.5
Step 3: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences within raters. SSwithin = 25 ∗[(17.4−
17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSwithin =
25 ∗0.18SSwithin = 4.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC for absolute agreement. ICC = (MSbetween −MSwithin)/(M Sbetween +
(k−1) ∗MSwithin)MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1) = 4.5/1=4.5MSwithin =SSwithin/(N∗
k)=4.5/(25 ∗2) = 0.09
ICC = (4.5 - 0.09) / (4.5 + 0.09) ICC = 4.41 / 4.59 ICC 0.96
Therefore, the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen tool in this study is approxi-
mately 0.96, indicating high agreement between the two raters in assessing movement patterns.
14. Question: Using a pressure plate technology during Functional Movement Screening, an athlete
performs a single-leg squat and generates a peak force of 350 N. If the athlete’s body weight is 70 kg, what
is the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio in N/kg?
Solution: To calculate the peak force-to-body weight ratio, we need to divide the peak force generated
by the athlete by the athlete’s body weight.
Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = Peak Force / Body Weight
Given: Peak Force = 350 N Body Weight = 70 kg
Convert the athlete’s body weight from kg to N using the acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.81 m/s2) :
BodyW eight = 70kg ∗9.81m/s2BodyW eight = 686.7N
Now, calculate the Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio: Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = 350 N / 686.7
N Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio 0.51 N/kg
Therefore, the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio during the single-leg squat using the pressure
plate technology is approximately 0.51 N/kg.
15. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant receives a score of 1 for a
movement pattern that is performed perfectly, a score of 2 for a movement pattern with slight compensations,
and a score of 3 for a movement pattern that is performed with noticeable dysfunction. If a participant scores
a total of 14 points across seven movement patterns, what would be their average score per movement
pattern?
Solution: To find the average score per movement pattern, we need to divide the total score by the
number of movement patterns assessed.
Total score = 14 Number of movement patterns = 7
Average score per movement pattern = Total score / Number of movement patterns Average score per
movement pattern = 14 / 7 Average score per movement pattern = 2
Therefore, the average score per movement pattern for this participant is 2.
16. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis Study, an athlete scored a total of
14 points on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen. Given that a perfect score is 21 points, what
percentage did the athlete score on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen?
Solution: To find the percentage score of the athlete on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen,
we use the formula:
Percentage = (Points earned / Total possible points) * 100
Plugging in the values: Percentage = (14 / 21) * 100 Percentage = 0.6667 * 100 Percentage 66.67
Therefore, the athlete scored approximately 66.67
17. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual presents with a score
of 1 for poor breathing mechanics. If the maximum score for breathing mechanics is 3, what percentage
represents the individual’s score in this area?
Solution: To find the percentage score for breathing mechanics, we will use the formula: Percentage
score = (Individual’s score / Maximum score) * 100
Given that the individual’s score for breathing mechanics is 1 and the maximum score is 3: Percentage
score = (1 / 3) * 100 Percentage score = 0.333 * 100 Percentage score = 33.33
Therefore, the individual’s score for breathing mechanics during the Functional Movement Screening is
33.33
18. Question: What is the maximum possible score in the Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test?
Solution: The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test comprises seven fundamental movement
patterns that are scored on a scale of 0 to 3 points each. Therefore, the maximum possible score in the FMS
test is 21.
Final numerical answer: 21
19. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening (FMS) study evaluating athletes, an athlete scores 3
on the Deep Squat test, 2 on the Hurdle Step test, 3 on the In-Line Lunge test, 2 on the Shoulder Mobility
test, 2 on the Active Straight Leg Raise test, 1 on the Trunk Stability Push-Up test, and 3 on the Rotary
Stability test. Calculate the total FMS score for this athlete.
Solution: - Deep Squat Test: 3 - Hurdle Step Test: 2 - In-Line Lunge Test: 3 - Shoulder Mobility Test:
2 - Active Straight Leg Raise Test: 2 - Trunk Stability Push-Up Test: 1 - Rotary Stability Test: 3
To calculate the total FMS score for the athlete, we sum up the scores from each test:
Total FMS score = 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 Total FMS score = 16
Therefore, the total FMS score for this athlete is 16.
20. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant performs the Deep Squat
test. The participant’s chest is falling forward, and their heels are elevated off the ground. The assessor
assigns a score of 1 for this movement. How many points are deducted in total for this flawed Deep Squat
movement pattern?
Solution: In Functional Movement Screening, the Deep Squat test assesses the participant’s ability to
perform a deep squat with proper form. If the participant’s heels are elevated off the ground and the chest
is falling forward, it indicates a significant movement dysfunction. In this case, a score of 1 is assigned for
this flawed movement pattern.
According to the Functional Movement Screen scoring system: - If a score of 1 is assigned, a deduction
of 2 points is made for this movement pattern.
Therefore, in total, 2 points are deducted for the flawed Deep Squat movement pattern.
21. Question: In Functional Movement Screening, what is the maximum score an athlete can achieve
on the Deep Squat test?
Solution: The Deep Squat test in Functional Movement Screening evaluates an athlete’s ability to per-
form a fundamental movement pattern - the deep squat. This movement assesses bilateral symmetrical
mobility and stability of the hips, knees, and ankles. In this test, the athlete can score up to 3 points on each
side, totaling 6 points if both sides are perfect. The athlete can score as follows:
- 0 points: Painful movement or unable to perform the deep squat. - 1 point: Major compensations in
movement pattern. - 2 points: Moderate compensations in movement pattern. - 3 points: Perfect execution
of the deep squat.
Therefore, the maximum score an athlete can achieve on the Deep Squat test in Functional Movement
Screening is 6 points.
22. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual is assessed on their trunk
stability push-up test where they perform 10 repetitions. The assessor notes that the individual’s technique
scores are as follows: 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, and 3. What is the total score for the trunk stability push-up
test?
Solution: To find the total score for the trunk stability push-up test, we sum up all the individual tech-
nique scores.
Totalscore=2+2+1+3+2+1+2+3+2+3Totalscore=21
Therefore, the total score for the trunk stability push-up test is 21.
23. Question: In a study assessing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols, an
individual was assessed by two different raters on the same day with a 7-day interval between assessments.
The individual scored 15 on the first assessment and 16 on the second assessment. Calculate the Intraclass
Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the FMS scores.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the two FMS scores. Mean = (15 + 16) / 2 = 31 / 2 = 15.5
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each score and the mean. SS = (15 -
15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SS = (−0.5)2+ (0.5)2SS = 0.25 + 0.25SS = 0.5
Step 3: Calculate the total sum of squares. SStotal = (15 −15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SStotal = 0.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC using the formula: ICC = (SScorrelated)/(SScorrelated+SSerror)ICC =
(SStotal −SSerror)/(SStotal +SSerror)
Step 5: Since we have a 1-way random effects model, the formula becomes: ICC = (MSbetween −
MSwithin)/(MSbetween + (k−1) ∗MSwithin +k∗M Serror)
Step 6: Calculate the degrees of freedom for each component: dofbetween = 1dofwithin =n−1 =
2−1=1doferror =n(k−1) = 2(2 −1) = 2
Step 7: Calculate the mean square values: MSbetween =SSbetween/dofbetween = 0/1=0MSwithin =
SSwithin/dofwithin = 0.5/1=0.5MSerror =SSerror/doferror
Step 8: Substitute the values into the ICC formula: ICC = (0 - 0.5) / (0 + 1 * 0.5 + 2 * MSerror)ICC =
−0.5/(1 + 0.5+2∗MSerror)
Since we don’t have the value of MSerrorgiveninthisquestion, wecan′tcalculatetheICCwithoutthisinformation.
24. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS)
protocols, three assessors independently scored a participant’s movement patterns using the FMS scoring
criteria. The total scores assigned by each assessor to the same participant were as follows: Assessor 1: 17
Assessor 2: 16 Assessor 3: 18
Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient to determine the inter-rater reliability of the FMS protocols in
this study.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the proportion of agreements (Pa) between the assessors. Pa = (Number of
total agreements) / (Number of total possible agreements) Pa = [(number of assessors * number of assessors’
possible scores) - number of assessors] / [((number of assessors) * (number of assessors - 1))]
Pa=[(3*3)-3]/[(3*2)]=6/6=1
Step 2: Calculate the proportion of observed agreements (Po) among assessors. Po = (Pr) / n Pr = 1/(3-1)
* (Pa) Pr = 1/2 * 1 = 0.5
Po = 0.5 / 3 = 0.1667
Step 3: Calculate the proportion of agreement expected by chance (Pe). Pe = (q2
i)whereqiistheproportionofassessorsgivingscorei.Here, q1=
1/3, q2= 1/3, andq3= 1/3.
Pe = (1/3)2+ (1/3)2+ (1/3)2= 1/9+1/9+1/9=1/3
Step 4: Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient. Kappa = (Po - Pe) / (1 - Pe) Kappa = (0.1667 - 0.3333)
/ (1 - 0.3333) Kappa = -0.1666 / 0.6667 = -0.2499
Therefore, the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient for the FMS protocols in this study is approximately -0.2499.
25. Question: In a study analyzing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols
in predicting injury risk, a sample of 50 athletes were assessed using the FMS tool. The inter-rater reliability
coefficient (ICC) for these assessments was calculated to be 0.85. If the total possible score on the FMS tool
is 21 points, how many of these points can be attributed to reliable measurements?
Solution: Inter-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is a measure of reliability ranging from 0 to 1, with
1 indicating perfect reliability. Given ICC = 0.85, this means that 85
To find the reliable portion of the measurements: Reliable Measurement = ICC x Total Possible Score
Reliable Measurement = 0.85 x 21 Reliable Measurement = 17.85
Therefore, 17.85 points on the FMS tool can be attributed to reliable measurements in predicting injury
risk.
Plugging in the values:
z=(30 −20)
5=10
5= 2
Therefore, the z-score for the new participant who can maintain the one-legged stance for 30 seconds is
2.
5. Question: In a study assessing inter-rater reliability for Functional Movement Screening, three raters
independently scored the same participant’s deep squat movement pattern out of a total possible score of 21.
Rater 1 scored 18, Rater 2 scored 19, and Rater 3 scored 17. Calculate the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
(ICC) for this inter-rater reliability scenario.
Solution: 1. Calculate the mean of the scores: Mean score = (18 + 19 + 17) / 3 Mean score = 54 / 3
Mean score = 18
2. Calculate the sum of squares of differences within raters (SSwithin) : SSwithin = (18 −18)2+
(19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSwithin = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSwithin = 0 + 1 + 1SSwithin = 2
3. Calculate the sum of squares of differences between raters (SSbetween) : SSbetween = (18 −
18)2+ (19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSbetween = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSbetween = 0 + 1 + 1SSbetween = 2
4. Calculate the Total Sum of Squares (SStotal) : SStotal =SSwithin +SSbetweenSStotal =
2+2SStotal = 4
5. Calculate the Mean Square Errors (MSE): MSE = SSwithin/(n∗(k−1))M SE = 2/(3 ∗(3 −
1))MSE = 2/6MSE = 0.3333
6. Calculate the ICC: ICC = (MSbetween−MSE)/(MSbetween+(k−1)∗MSE)Sincethereare3raters, k =
3
MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1)MSbetween = 2/(3 −1)MSbetween = 2/2M Sbetween = 1
ICC = (1 - 0.3333) / (1 + 2*0.3333) ICC = 0.6667 / 1.6666 ICC 0.4
Therefore, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the inter-rater reliability in this scenario is
approximately 0.4.
6. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores in a
group of 50 athletes, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the total FMS score was found to be
0.87. What is the interpretation of this ICC value?
Solution: To interpret the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value in the context of reliability
analysis, we can classify it as follows:
- ICC < 0.5: Poor reliability - 0.5 ICC < 0.75: Moderate reliability - 0.75 ICC < 0.9: Good reliability -
ICC 0.9: Excellent reliability
Given that the ICC value for the total FMS score in this study of 50 athletes is 0.87, this value falls within
the range of 0.75 ICC < 0.9, indicating a good reliability of the FMS scores in assessing functional move-
ment patterns in these athletes. This suggests that the FMS tool is consistent and dependable in evaluating
functional movement patterns in this group of individuals.
7. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, a participant demonstrated compen-
satory movement patterns in the squat assessment, resulting in a modified score of 1.5. If the perfect score
for the squat assessment is 3, what percentage of the ideal movement pattern did the participant exhibit?
Solution: To calculate the percentage of the ideal movement pattern exhibited by the participant during
the squat assessment, you can use the following formula:
Percentage = (Participant’s Score / Perfect Score) * 100
Given that the participant’s modified score is 1.5 and the perfect score is 3, we can substitute the values
into the formula:
Percentage = (1.5 / 3) * 100 Percentage = 0.5 * 100 Percentage = 50
Therefore, the participant exhibited 50
8. Question: In a study comparing qualitative and quantitative assessments in Functional Movement
Screening, 50 participants were evaluated using both methods. The quantitative assessment scored an aver-
age of 18.5 out of 21 points for each participant, while the qualitative assessment classified 30 participants
as having poor movement patterns. What percentage of participants had poor movement patterns according
to the qualitative assessment?
Solution: Total participants evaluated = 50
Number of participants classified as poor movers according to qualitative assessment = 30
Percentage of participants classified as poor movers = (Number of poor movers / Total participants) x
100= (30 / 50) x 100= 0.6 x 100= 60
Therefore, 60
9. Question: In a study utilizing a motion capture system for Functional Movement Screening and
Analysis, a subject performed five different functional movements. The system recorded an average of 15
degrees of hip flexion during a squat assessment. What is the total range of motion (in degrees) if the
subject’s hip extension during the same squat assessment was measured to be 25 degrees?
Solution: The total range of motion for the hip during the squat assessment can be calculated by adding
the degrees of hip flexion and hip extension. Given: Average hip flexion = 15 degrees Hip extension = 25
degrees
Total range of motion = Hip flexion + Hip extension Total range of motion = 15 degrees + 25 degrees
Total range of motion = 40 degrees
Therefore, the total range of motion for the subject’s hip during the squat assessment is 40 degrees.
10. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis session, a participant scores 2 on
the Overhead Squat assessment due to an inability to maintain the torso in alignment with the lower body.
How many points would be deducted from the total score for this specific movement pattern?
Solution: The Overhead Squat assessment in Functional Movement Screening and Analysis deducts a
total of 3 points for deviations such as torso alignment issues. Since the participant scored 2 due to the
inability to maintain torso alignment, 3 points (maximum deduction) would be subtracted from the total
score.
Final numerical answer: 3 points.
11. Question: In a study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 8 upper body movements were recorded for each participant. If there were 15 participants
in the study, how many total upper body movements were recorded in the study?
Solution: To find the total number of upper body movements recorded in the study, we need to multiply
the number of movements recorded per participant by the total number of participants.
Number of upper body movements recorded per participant = 8 Total number of participants = 15
Total number of upper body movements = Number of movements per participant x Total number of
participants Total number of upper body movements = 8 x 15 Total number of upper body movements = 120
Therefore, in the study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 120 upper body movements were recorded.
12. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tool,
20 participants were assessed twice within a one-week interval. The mean score for the first assessment
was 16.5, with a standard deviation of 2.1, and the mean score for the second assessment was 17.3, with a
standard deviation of 2.4. Calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the reliability
of the FMS tool in this study.
Solution: ICC can be calculated using the formula: ICC = (Between Subject Variance) / (Between
Subject Variance + Within Subject Variance)
First, we need to calculate the Between Subject Variance: BSV = ( individuals’ means - grand mean)2/totalnumberofassessmentsBSV =
[((16.5 + 17.3)/2−(16.5 + 17.3)/2)2]/20BSV = (16.9−16.9)2/20BSV = 0
Next, we calculate the Within Subject Variance: WSV = (2−2
B)/kwhere2=Averageoftheindividual′svariances,2
B=
GrandV ariance, andk =Numberofassessments2= [(2.12+2.42)/2] = (4.41+5.76)/2=5.0852
B=
(individuals′overallscores−grandmean)2/totalnumberofassessments2
B= [((16.5−16.9)2+(17.3−
16.9)2)/20] = (0.16 + 0.16)/20 = 0.016W SV = (5.085 −0.016)/2=5.069/2=2.535
Now we calculate the ICC: ICC = 0 / (0 + 2.535) = 0 / 2.535 = 0
Therefore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the reliability of the Functional Movement
Screen (FMS) tool in this study is 0, indicating low reliability.
13. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
tool, two independent raters evaluated a group of 25 participants’ movement patterns. Rater 1 scored an av-
erage of 17.4 points per participant, while Rater 2 scored an average of 16.8 points per participant. Calculate
the inter-rater reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) formula for absolute agreement.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the total scores from both raters. Total mean = (Rater 1 mean +
Rater 2 mean) / 2 Total mean = (17.4 + 16.8) / 2 Total mean = 17.1
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each rater’s scores and the total mean.
SSbetween = 25 ∗[(17.4−17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSbetween = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSbetween =
25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSbetween = 25 ∗0.18SSbetween = 4.5
Step 3: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences within raters. SSwithin = 25 ∗[(17.4−
17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSwithin =
25 ∗0.18SSwithin = 4.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC for absolute agreement. ICC = (MSbetween −MSwithin)/(M Sbetween +
(k−1) ∗MSwithin)MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1) = 4.5/1=4.5MSwithin =SSwithin/(N∗
k)=4.5/(25 ∗2) = 0.09
ICC = (4.5 - 0.09) / (4.5 + 0.09) ICC = 4.41 / 4.59 ICC 0.96
Therefore, the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen tool in this study is approxi-
mately 0.96, indicating high agreement between the two raters in assessing movement patterns.
14. Question: Using a pressure plate technology during Functional Movement Screening, an athlete
performs a single-leg squat and generates a peak force of 350 N. If the athlete’s body weight is 70 kg, what
is the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio in N/kg?
Solution: To calculate the peak force-to-body weight ratio, we need to divide the peak force generated
by the athlete by the athlete’s body weight.
Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = Peak Force / Body Weight
Given: Peak Force = 350 N Body Weight = 70 kg
Convert the athlete’s body weight from kg to N using the acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.81 m/s2) :
BodyW eight = 70kg ∗9.81m/s2BodyW eight = 686.7N
Now, calculate the Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio: Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = 350 N / 686.7
N Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio 0.51 N/kg
Therefore, the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio during the single-leg squat using the pressure
plate technology is approximately 0.51 N/kg.
15. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant receives a score of 1 for a
movement pattern that is performed perfectly, a score of 2 for a movement pattern with slight compensations,
and a score of 3 for a movement pattern that is performed with noticeable dysfunction. If a participant scores
a total of 14 points across seven movement patterns, what would be their average score per movement
pattern?
Solution: To find the average score per movement pattern, we need to divide the total score by the
number of movement patterns assessed.
Total score = 14 Number of movement patterns = 7
Average score per movement pattern = Total score / Number of movement patterns Average score per
movement pattern = 14 / 7 Average score per movement pattern = 2
Therefore, the average score per movement pattern for this participant is 2.
16. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis Study, an athlete scored a total of
14 points on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen. Given that a perfect score is 21 points, what
percentage did the athlete score on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen?
Solution: To find the percentage score of the athlete on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen,
we use the formula:
Percentage = (Points earned / Total possible points) * 100
Plugging in the values: Percentage = (14 / 21) * 100 Percentage = 0.6667 * 100 Percentage 66.67
Therefore, the athlete scored approximately 66.67
17. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual presents with a score
of 1 for poor breathing mechanics. If the maximum score for breathing mechanics is 3, what percentage
represents the individual’s score in this area?
Solution: To find the percentage score for breathing mechanics, we will use the formula: Percentage
score = (Individual’s score / Maximum score) * 100
Given that the individual’s score for breathing mechanics is 1 and the maximum score is 3: Percentage
score = (1 / 3) * 100 Percentage score = 0.333 * 100 Percentage score = 33.33
Therefore, the individual’s score for breathing mechanics during the Functional Movement Screening is
33.33
18. Question: What is the maximum possible score in the Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test?
Solution: The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test comprises seven fundamental movement
patterns that are scored on a scale of 0 to 3 points each. Therefore, the maximum possible score in the FMS
test is 21.
Final numerical answer: 21
19. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening (FMS) study evaluating athletes, an athlete scores 3
on the Deep Squat test, 2 on the Hurdle Step test, 3 on the In-Line Lunge test, 2 on the Shoulder Mobility
test, 2 on the Active Straight Leg Raise test, 1 on the Trunk Stability Push-Up test, and 3 on the Rotary
Stability test. Calculate the total FMS score for this athlete.
Solution: - Deep Squat Test: 3 - Hurdle Step Test: 2 - In-Line Lunge Test: 3 - Shoulder Mobility Test:
2 - Active Straight Leg Raise Test: 2 - Trunk Stability Push-Up Test: 1 - Rotary Stability Test: 3
To calculate the total FMS score for the athlete, we sum up the scores from each test:
Total FMS score = 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 Total FMS score = 16
Therefore, the total FMS score for this athlete is 16.
20. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant performs the Deep Squat
test. The participant’s chest is falling forward, and their heels are elevated off the ground. The assessor
assigns a score of 1 for this movement. How many points are deducted in total for this flawed Deep Squat
movement pattern?
Solution: In Functional Movement Screening, the Deep Squat test assesses the participant’s ability to
perform a deep squat with proper form. If the participant’s heels are elevated off the ground and the chest
is falling forward, it indicates a significant movement dysfunction. In this case, a score of 1 is assigned for
this flawed movement pattern.
According to the Functional Movement Screen scoring system: - If a score of 1 is assigned, a deduction
of 2 points is made for this movement pattern.
Therefore, in total, 2 points are deducted for the flawed Deep Squat movement pattern.
21. Question: In Functional Movement Screening, what is the maximum score an athlete can achieve
on the Deep Squat test?
Solution: The Deep Squat test in Functional Movement Screening evaluates an athlete’s ability to per-
form a fundamental movement pattern - the deep squat. This movement assesses bilateral symmetrical
mobility and stability of the hips, knees, and ankles. In this test, the athlete can score up to 3 points on each
side, totaling 6 points if both sides are perfect. The athlete can score as follows:
- 0 points: Painful movement or unable to perform the deep squat. - 1 point: Major compensations in
movement pattern. - 2 points: Moderate compensations in movement pattern. - 3 points: Perfect execution
of the deep squat.
Therefore, the maximum score an athlete can achieve on the Deep Squat test in Functional Movement
Screening is 6 points.
22. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual is assessed on their trunk
stability push-up test where they perform 10 repetitions. The assessor notes that the individual’s technique
scores are as follows: 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, and 3. What is the total score for the trunk stability push-up
test?
Solution: To find the total score for the trunk stability push-up test, we sum up all the individual tech-
nique scores.
Totalscore=2+2+1+3+2+1+2+3+2+3Totalscore=21
Therefore, the total score for the trunk stability push-up test is 21.
23. Question: In a study assessing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols, an
individual was assessed by two different raters on the same day with a 7-day interval between assessments.
The individual scored 15 on the first assessment and 16 on the second assessment. Calculate the Intraclass
Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the FMS scores.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the two FMS scores. Mean = (15 + 16) / 2 = 31 / 2 = 15.5
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each score and the mean. SS = (15 -
15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SS = (−0.5)2+ (0.5)2SS = 0.25 + 0.25SS = 0.5
Step 3: Calculate the total sum of squares. SStotal = (15 −15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SStotal = 0.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC using the formula: ICC = (SScorrelated)/(SScorrelated+SSerror)ICC =
(SStotal −SSerror)/(SStotal +SSerror)
Step 5: Since we have a 1-way random effects model, the formula becomes: ICC = (MSbetween −
MSwithin)/(MSbetween + (k−1) ∗MSwithin +k∗M Serror)
Step 6: Calculate the degrees of freedom for each component: dofbetween = 1dofwithin =n−1 =
2−1=1doferror =n(k−1) = 2(2 −1) = 2
Step 7: Calculate the mean square values: MSbetween =SSbetween/dofbetween = 0/1=0MSwithin =
SSwithin/dofwithin = 0.5/1=0.5MSerror =SSerror/doferror
Step 8: Substitute the values into the ICC formula: ICC = (0 - 0.5) / (0 + 1 * 0.5 + 2 * MSerror)ICC =
−0.5/(1 + 0.5+2∗MSerror)
Since we don’t have the value of MSerrorgiveninthisquestion, wecan′tcalculatetheICCwithoutthisinformation.
24. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS)
protocols, three assessors independently scored a participant’s movement patterns using the FMS scoring
criteria. The total scores assigned by each assessor to the same participant were as follows: Assessor 1: 17
Assessor 2: 16 Assessor 3: 18
Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient to determine the inter-rater reliability of the FMS protocols in
this study.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the proportion of agreements (Pa) between the assessors. Pa = (Number of
total agreements) / (Number of total possible agreements) Pa = [(number of assessors * number of assessors’
possible scores) - number of assessors] / [((number of assessors) * (number of assessors - 1))]
Pa=[(3*3)-3]/[(3*2)]=6/6=1
Step 2: Calculate the proportion of observed agreements (Po) among assessors. Po = (Pr) / n Pr = 1/(3-1)
* (Pa) Pr = 1/2 * 1 = 0.5
Po = 0.5 / 3 = 0.1667
Step 3: Calculate the proportion of agreement expected by chance (Pe). Pe = (q2
i)whereqiistheproportionofassessorsgivingscorei.Here, q1=
1/3, q2= 1/3, andq3= 1/3.
Pe = (1/3)2+ (1/3)2+ (1/3)2= 1/9+1/9+1/9=1/3
Step 4: Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient. Kappa = (Po - Pe) / (1 - Pe) Kappa = (0.1667 - 0.3333)
/ (1 - 0.3333) Kappa = -0.1666 / 0.6667 = -0.2499
Therefore, the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient for the FMS protocols in this study is approximately -0.2499.
25. Question: In a study analyzing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols
in predicting injury risk, a sample of 50 athletes were assessed using the FMS tool. The inter-rater reliability
coefficient (ICC) for these assessments was calculated to be 0.85. If the total possible score on the FMS tool
is 21 points, how many of these points can be attributed to reliable measurements?
Solution: Inter-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is a measure of reliability ranging from 0 to 1, with
1 indicating perfect reliability. Given ICC = 0.85, this means that 85
To find the reliable portion of the measurements: Reliable Measurement = ICC x Total Possible Score
Reliable Measurement = 0.85 x 21 Reliable Measurement = 17.85
Therefore, 17.85 points on the FMS tool can be attributed to reliable measurements in predicting injury
risk.
Plugging in the values:
z=(30 −20)
5=10
5= 2
Therefore, the z-score for the new participant who can maintain the one-legged stance for 30 seconds is
2.
5. Question: In a study assessing inter-rater reliability for Functional Movement Screening, three raters
independently scored the same participant’s deep squat movement pattern out of a total possible score of 21.
Rater 1 scored 18, Rater 2 scored 19, and Rater 3 scored 17. Calculate the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
(ICC) for this inter-rater reliability scenario.
Solution: 1. Calculate the mean of the scores: Mean score = (18 + 19 + 17) / 3 Mean score = 54 / 3
Mean score = 18
2. Calculate the sum of squares of differences within raters (SSwithin) : SSwithin = (18 −18)2+
(19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSwithin = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSwithin = 0 + 1 + 1SSwithin = 2
3. Calculate the sum of squares of differences between raters (SSbetween) : SSbetween = (18 −
18)2+ (19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSbetween = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSbetween = 0 + 1 + 1SSbetween = 2
4. Calculate the Total Sum of Squares (SStotal) : SStotal =SSwithin +SSbetweenSStotal =
2+2SStotal = 4
5. Calculate the Mean Square Errors (MSE): MSE = SSwithin/(n∗(k−1))M SE = 2/(3 ∗(3 −
1))MSE = 2/6MSE = 0.3333
6. Calculate the ICC: ICC = (MSbetween−MSE)/(MSbetween+(k−1)∗MSE)Sincethereare3raters, k =
3
MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1)MSbetween = 2/(3 −1)MSbetween = 2/2M Sbetween = 1
ICC = (1 - 0.3333) / (1 + 2*0.3333) ICC = 0.6667 / 1.6666 ICC 0.4
Therefore, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the inter-rater reliability in this scenario is
approximately 0.4.
6. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores in a
group of 50 athletes, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the total FMS score was found to be
0.87. What is the interpretation of this ICC value?
Solution: To interpret the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value in the context of reliability
analysis, we can classify it as follows:
- ICC < 0.5: Poor reliability - 0.5 ICC < 0.75: Moderate reliability - 0.75 ICC < 0.9: Good reliability -
ICC 0.9: Excellent reliability
Given that the ICC value for the total FMS score in this study of 50 athletes is 0.87, this value falls within
the range of 0.75 ICC < 0.9, indicating a good reliability of the FMS scores in assessing functional move-
ment patterns in these athletes. This suggests that the FMS tool is consistent and dependable in evaluating
functional movement patterns in this group of individuals.
7. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, a participant demonstrated compen-
satory movement patterns in the squat assessment, resulting in a modified score of 1.5. If the perfect score
for the squat assessment is 3, what percentage of the ideal movement pattern did the participant exhibit?
Solution: To calculate the percentage of the ideal movement pattern exhibited by the participant during
the squat assessment, you can use the following formula:
Percentage = (Participant’s Score / Perfect Score) * 100
Given that the participant’s modified score is 1.5 and the perfect score is 3, we can substitute the values
into the formula:
Percentage = (1.5 / 3) * 100 Percentage = 0.5 * 100 Percentage = 50
Therefore, the participant exhibited 50
8. Question: In a study comparing qualitative and quantitative assessments in Functional Movement
Screening, 50 participants were evaluated using both methods. The quantitative assessment scored an aver-
age of 18.5 out of 21 points for each participant, while the qualitative assessment classified 30 participants
as having poor movement patterns. What percentage of participants had poor movement patterns according
to the qualitative assessment?
Solution: Total participants evaluated = 50
Number of participants classified as poor movers according to qualitative assessment = 30
Percentage of participants classified as poor movers = (Number of poor movers / Total participants) x
100= (30 / 50) x 100= 0.6 x 100= 60
Therefore, 60
9. Question: In a study utilizing a motion capture system for Functional Movement Screening and
Analysis, a subject performed five different functional movements. The system recorded an average of 15
degrees of hip flexion during a squat assessment. What is the total range of motion (in degrees) if the
subject’s hip extension during the same squat assessment was measured to be 25 degrees?
Solution: The total range of motion for the hip during the squat assessment can be calculated by adding
the degrees of hip flexion and hip extension. Given: Average hip flexion = 15 degrees Hip extension = 25
degrees
Total range of motion = Hip flexion + Hip extension Total range of motion = 15 degrees + 25 degrees
Total range of motion = 40 degrees
Therefore, the total range of motion for the subject’s hip during the squat assessment is 40 degrees.
10. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis session, a participant scores 2 on
the Overhead Squat assessment due to an inability to maintain the torso in alignment with the lower body.
How many points would be deducted from the total score for this specific movement pattern?
Solution: The Overhead Squat assessment in Functional Movement Screening and Analysis deducts a
total of 3 points for deviations such as torso alignment issues. Since the participant scored 2 due to the
inability to maintain torso alignment, 3 points (maximum deduction) would be subtracted from the total
score.
Final numerical answer: 3 points.
11. Question: In a study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 8 upper body movements were recorded for each participant. If there were 15 participants
in the study, how many total upper body movements were recorded in the study?
Solution: To find the total number of upper body movements recorded in the study, we need to multiply
the number of movements recorded per participant by the total number of participants.
Number of upper body movements recorded per participant = 8 Total number of participants = 15
Total number of upper body movements = Number of movements per participant x Total number of
participants Total number of upper body movements = 8 x 15 Total number of upper body movements = 120
Therefore, in the study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 120 upper body movements were recorded.
12. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tool,
20 participants were assessed twice within a one-week interval. The mean score for the first assessment
was 16.5, with a standard deviation of 2.1, and the mean score for the second assessment was 17.3, with a
standard deviation of 2.4. Calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the reliability
of the FMS tool in this study.
Solution: ICC can be calculated using the formula: ICC = (Between Subject Variance) / (Between
Subject Variance + Within Subject Variance)
First, we need to calculate the Between Subject Variance: BSV = ( individuals’ means - grand mean)2/totalnumberofassessmentsBSV =
[((16.5 + 17.3)/2−(16.5 + 17.3)/2)2]/20BSV = (16.9−16.9)2/20BSV = 0
Next, we calculate the Within Subject Variance: WSV = (2−2
B)/kwhere2=Averageoftheindividual′svariances,2
B=
GrandV ariance, andk =Numberofassessments2= [(2.12+2.42)/2] = (4.41+5.76)/2=5.0852
B=
(individuals′overallscores−grandmean)2/totalnumberofassessments2
B= [((16.5−16.9)2+(17.3−
16.9)2)/20] = (0.16 + 0.16)/20 = 0.016W SV = (5.085 −0.016)/2=5.069/2=2.535
Now we calculate the ICC: ICC = 0 / (0 + 2.535) = 0 / 2.535 = 0
Therefore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the reliability of the Functional Movement
Screen (FMS) tool in this study is 0, indicating low reliability.
13. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
tool, two independent raters evaluated a group of 25 participants’ movement patterns. Rater 1 scored an av-
erage of 17.4 points per participant, while Rater 2 scored an average of 16.8 points per participant. Calculate
the inter-rater reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) formula for absolute agreement.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the total scores from both raters. Total mean = (Rater 1 mean +
Rater 2 mean) / 2 Total mean = (17.4 + 16.8) / 2 Total mean = 17.1
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each rater’s scores and the total mean.
SSbetween = 25 ∗[(17.4−17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSbetween = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSbetween =
25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSbetween = 25 ∗0.18SSbetween = 4.5
Step 3: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences within raters. SSwithin = 25 ∗[(17.4−
17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSwithin =
25 ∗0.18SSwithin = 4.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC for absolute agreement. ICC = (MSbetween −MSwithin)/(M Sbetween +
(k−1) ∗MSwithin)MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1) = 4.5/1=4.5MSwithin =SSwithin/(N∗
k)=4.5/(25 ∗2) = 0.09
ICC = (4.5 - 0.09) / (4.5 + 0.09) ICC = 4.41 / 4.59 ICC 0.96
Therefore, the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen tool in this study is approxi-
mately 0.96, indicating high agreement between the two raters in assessing movement patterns.
14. Question: Using a pressure plate technology during Functional Movement Screening, an athlete
performs a single-leg squat and generates a peak force of 350 N. If the athlete’s body weight is 70 kg, what
is the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio in N/kg?
Solution: To calculate the peak force-to-body weight ratio, we need to divide the peak force generated
by the athlete by the athlete’s body weight.
Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = Peak Force / Body Weight
Given: Peak Force = 350 N Body Weight = 70 kg
Convert the athlete’s body weight from kg to N using the acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.81 m/s2) :
BodyW eight = 70kg ∗9.81m/s2BodyW eight = 686.7N
Now, calculate the Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio: Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = 350 N / 686.7
N Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio 0.51 N/kg
Therefore, the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio during the single-leg squat using the pressure
plate technology is approximately 0.51 N/kg.
15. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant receives a score of 1 for a
movement pattern that is performed perfectly, a score of 2 for a movement pattern with slight compensations,
and a score of 3 for a movement pattern that is performed with noticeable dysfunction. If a participant scores
a total of 14 points across seven movement patterns, what would be their average score per movement
pattern?
Solution: To find the average score per movement pattern, we need to divide the total score by the
number of movement patterns assessed.
Total score = 14 Number of movement patterns = 7
Average score per movement pattern = Total score / Number of movement patterns Average score per
movement pattern = 14 / 7 Average score per movement pattern = 2
Therefore, the average score per movement pattern for this participant is 2.
16. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis Study, an athlete scored a total of
14 points on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen. Given that a perfect score is 21 points, what
percentage did the athlete score on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen?
Solution: To find the percentage score of the athlete on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen,
we use the formula:
Percentage = (Points earned / Total possible points) * 100
Plugging in the values: Percentage = (14 / 21) * 100 Percentage = 0.6667 * 100 Percentage 66.67
Therefore, the athlete scored approximately 66.67
17. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual presents with a score
of 1 for poor breathing mechanics. If the maximum score for breathing mechanics is 3, what percentage
represents the individual’s score in this area?
Solution: To find the percentage score for breathing mechanics, we will use the formula: Percentage
score = (Individual’s score / Maximum score) * 100
Given that the individual’s score for breathing mechanics is 1 and the maximum score is 3: Percentage
score = (1 / 3) * 100 Percentage score = 0.333 * 100 Percentage score = 33.33
Therefore, the individual’s score for breathing mechanics during the Functional Movement Screening is
33.33
18. Question: What is the maximum possible score in the Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test?
Solution: The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test comprises seven fundamental movement
patterns that are scored on a scale of 0 to 3 points each. Therefore, the maximum possible score in the FMS
test is 21.
Final numerical answer: 21
19. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening (FMS) study evaluating athletes, an athlete scores 3
on the Deep Squat test, 2 on the Hurdle Step test, 3 on the In-Line Lunge test, 2 on the Shoulder Mobility
test, 2 on the Active Straight Leg Raise test, 1 on the Trunk Stability Push-Up test, and 3 on the Rotary
Stability test. Calculate the total FMS score for this athlete.
Solution: - Deep Squat Test: 3 - Hurdle Step Test: 2 - In-Line Lunge Test: 3 - Shoulder Mobility Test:
2 - Active Straight Leg Raise Test: 2 - Trunk Stability Push-Up Test: 1 - Rotary Stability Test: 3
To calculate the total FMS score for the athlete, we sum up the scores from each test:
Total FMS score = 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 Total FMS score = 16
Therefore, the total FMS score for this athlete is 16.
20. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant performs the Deep Squat
test. The participant’s chest is falling forward, and their heels are elevated off the ground. The assessor
assigns a score of 1 for this movement. How many points are deducted in total for this flawed Deep Squat
movement pattern?
Solution: In Functional Movement Screening, the Deep Squat test assesses the participant’s ability to
perform a deep squat with proper form. If the participant’s heels are elevated off the ground and the chest
is falling forward, it indicates a significant movement dysfunction. In this case, a score of 1 is assigned for
this flawed movement pattern.
According to the Functional Movement Screen scoring system: - If a score of 1 is assigned, a deduction
of 2 points is made for this movement pattern.
Therefore, in total, 2 points are deducted for the flawed Deep Squat movement pattern.
21. Question: In Functional Movement Screening, what is the maximum score an athlete can achieve
on the Deep Squat test?
Solution: The Deep Squat test in Functional Movement Screening evaluates an athlete’s ability to per-
form a fundamental movement pattern - the deep squat. This movement assesses bilateral symmetrical
mobility and stability of the hips, knees, and ankles. In this test, the athlete can score up to 3 points on each
side, totaling 6 points if both sides are perfect. The athlete can score as follows:
- 0 points: Painful movement or unable to perform the deep squat. - 1 point: Major compensations in
movement pattern. - 2 points: Moderate compensations in movement pattern. - 3 points: Perfect execution
of the deep squat.
Therefore, the maximum score an athlete can achieve on the Deep Squat test in Functional Movement
Screening is 6 points.
22. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual is assessed on their trunk
stability push-up test where they perform 10 repetitions. The assessor notes that the individual’s technique
scores are as follows: 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, and 3. What is the total score for the trunk stability push-up
test?
Solution: To find the total score for the trunk stability push-up test, we sum up all the individual tech-
nique scores.
Totalscore=2+2+1+3+2+1+2+3+2+3Totalscore=21
Therefore, the total score for the trunk stability push-up test is 21.
23. Question: In a study assessing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols, an
individual was assessed by two different raters on the same day with a 7-day interval between assessments.
The individual scored 15 on the first assessment and 16 on the second assessment. Calculate the Intraclass
Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the FMS scores.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the two FMS scores. Mean = (15 + 16) / 2 = 31 / 2 = 15.5
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each score and the mean. SS = (15 -
15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SS = (−0.5)2+ (0.5)2SS = 0.25 + 0.25SS = 0.5
Step 3: Calculate the total sum of squares. SStotal = (15 −15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SStotal = 0.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC using the formula: ICC = (SScorrelated)/(SScorrelated+SSerror)ICC =
(SStotal −SSerror)/(SStotal +SSerror)
Step 5: Since we have a 1-way random effects model, the formula becomes: ICC = (MSbetween −
MSwithin)/(MSbetween + (k−1) ∗MSwithin +k∗M Serror)
Step 6: Calculate the degrees of freedom for each component: dofbetween = 1dofwithin =n−1 =
2−1=1doferror =n(k−1) = 2(2 −1) = 2
Step 7: Calculate the mean square values: MSbetween =SSbetween/dofbetween = 0/1=0MSwithin =
SSwithin/dofwithin = 0.5/1=0.5MSerror =SSerror/doferror
Step 8: Substitute the values into the ICC formula: ICC = (0 - 0.5) / (0 + 1 * 0.5 + 2 * MSerror)ICC =
−0.5/(1 + 0.5+2∗MSerror)
Since we don’t have the value of MSerrorgiveninthisquestion, wecan′tcalculatetheICCwithoutthisinformation.
24. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS)
protocols, three assessors independently scored a participant’s movement patterns using the FMS scoring
criteria. The total scores assigned by each assessor to the same participant were as follows: Assessor 1: 17
Assessor 2: 16 Assessor 3: 18
Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient to determine the inter-rater reliability of the FMS protocols in
this study.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the proportion of agreements (Pa) between the assessors. Pa = (Number of
total agreements) / (Number of total possible agreements) Pa = [(number of assessors * number of assessors’
possible scores) - number of assessors] / [((number of assessors) * (number of assessors - 1))]
Pa=[(3*3)-3]/[(3*2)]=6/6=1
Step 2: Calculate the proportion of observed agreements (Po) among assessors. Po = (Pr) / n Pr = 1/(3-1)
* (Pa) Pr = 1/2 * 1 = 0.5
Po = 0.5 / 3 = 0.1667
Step 3: Calculate the proportion of agreement expected by chance (Pe). Pe = (q2
i)whereqiistheproportionofassessorsgivingscorei.Here, q1=
1/3, q2= 1/3, andq3= 1/3.
Pe = (1/3)2+ (1/3)2+ (1/3)2= 1/9+1/9+1/9=1/3
Step 4: Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient. Kappa = (Po - Pe) / (1 - Pe) Kappa = (0.1667 - 0.3333)
/ (1 - 0.3333) Kappa = -0.1666 / 0.6667 = -0.2499
Therefore, the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient for the FMS protocols in this study is approximately -0.2499.
25. Question: In a study analyzing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols
in predicting injury risk, a sample of 50 athletes were assessed using the FMS tool. The inter-rater reliability
coefficient (ICC) for these assessments was calculated to be 0.85. If the total possible score on the FMS tool
is 21 points, how many of these points can be attributed to reliable measurements?
Solution: Inter-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is a measure of reliability ranging from 0 to 1, with
1 indicating perfect reliability. Given ICC = 0.85, this means that 85
To find the reliable portion of the measurements: Reliable Measurement = ICC x Total Possible Score
Reliable Measurement = 0.85 x 21 Reliable Measurement = 17.85
Therefore, 17.85 points on the FMS tool can be attributed to reliable measurements in predicting injury
risk.
Plugging in the values:
z=(30 −20)
5=10
5= 2
Therefore, the z-score for the new participant who can maintain the one-legged stance for 30 seconds is
2.
5. Question: In a study assessing inter-rater reliability for Functional Movement Screening, three raters
independently scored the same participant’s deep squat movement pattern out of a total possible score of 21.
Rater 1 scored 18, Rater 2 scored 19, and Rater 3 scored 17. Calculate the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
(ICC) for this inter-rater reliability scenario.
Solution: 1. Calculate the mean of the scores: Mean score = (18 + 19 + 17) / 3 Mean score = 54 / 3
Mean score = 18
2. Calculate the sum of squares of differences within raters (SSwithin) : SSwithin = (18 −18)2+
(19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSwithin = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSwithin = 0 + 1 + 1SSwithin = 2
3. Calculate the sum of squares of differences between raters (SSbetween) : SSbetween = (18 −
18)2+ (19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSbetween = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSbetween = 0 + 1 + 1SSbetween = 2
4. Calculate the Total Sum of Squares (SStotal) : SStotal =SSwithin +SSbetweenSStotal =
2+2SStotal = 4
5. Calculate the Mean Square Errors (MSE): MSE = SSwithin/(n∗(k−1))M SE = 2/(3 ∗(3 −
1))MSE = 2/6MSE = 0.3333
6. Calculate the ICC: ICC = (MSbetween−MSE)/(MSbetween+(k−1)∗MSE)Sincethereare3raters, k =
3
MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1)MSbetween = 2/(3 −1)MSbetween = 2/2M Sbetween = 1
ICC = (1 - 0.3333) / (1 + 2*0.3333) ICC = 0.6667 / 1.6666 ICC 0.4
Therefore, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the inter-rater reliability in this scenario is
approximately 0.4.
6. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores in a
group of 50 athletes, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the total FMS score was found to be
0.87. What is the interpretation of this ICC value?
Solution: To interpret the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value in the context of reliability
analysis, we can classify it as follows:
- ICC < 0.5: Poor reliability - 0.5 ICC < 0.75: Moderate reliability - 0.75 ICC < 0.9: Good reliability -
ICC 0.9: Excellent reliability
Given that the ICC value for the total FMS score in this study of 50 athletes is 0.87, this value falls within
the range of 0.75 ICC < 0.9, indicating a good reliability of the FMS scores in assessing functional move-
ment patterns in these athletes. This suggests that the FMS tool is consistent and dependable in evaluating
functional movement patterns in this group of individuals.
7. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, a participant demonstrated compen-
satory movement patterns in the squat assessment, resulting in a modified score of 1.5. If the perfect score
for the squat assessment is 3, what percentage of the ideal movement pattern did the participant exhibit?
Solution: To calculate the percentage of the ideal movement pattern exhibited by the participant during
the squat assessment, you can use the following formula:
Percentage = (Participant’s Score / Perfect Score) * 100
Given that the participant’s modified score is 1.5 and the perfect score is 3, we can substitute the values
into the formula:
Percentage = (1.5 / 3) * 100 Percentage = 0.5 * 100 Percentage = 50
Therefore, the participant exhibited 50
8. Question: In a study comparing qualitative and quantitative assessments in Functional Movement
Screening, 50 participants were evaluated using both methods. The quantitative assessment scored an aver-
age of 18.5 out of 21 points for each participant, while the qualitative assessment classified 30 participants
as having poor movement patterns. What percentage of participants had poor movement patterns according
to the qualitative assessment?
Solution: Total participants evaluated = 50
Number of participants classified as poor movers according to qualitative assessment = 30
Percentage of participants classified as poor movers = (Number of poor movers / Total participants) x
100= (30 / 50) x 100= 0.6 x 100= 60
Therefore, 60
9. Question: In a study utilizing a motion capture system for Functional Movement Screening and
Analysis, a subject performed five different functional movements. The system recorded an average of 15
degrees of hip flexion during a squat assessment. What is the total range of motion (in degrees) if the
subject’s hip extension during the same squat assessment was measured to be 25 degrees?
Solution: The total range of motion for the hip during the squat assessment can be calculated by adding
the degrees of hip flexion and hip extension. Given: Average hip flexion = 15 degrees Hip extension = 25
degrees
Total range of motion = Hip flexion + Hip extension Total range of motion = 15 degrees + 25 degrees
Total range of motion = 40 degrees
Therefore, the total range of motion for the subject’s hip during the squat assessment is 40 degrees.
10. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis session, a participant scores 2 on
the Overhead Squat assessment due to an inability to maintain the torso in alignment with the lower body.
How many points would be deducted from the total score for this specific movement pattern?
Solution: The Overhead Squat assessment in Functional Movement Screening and Analysis deducts a
total of 3 points for deviations such as torso alignment issues. Since the participant scored 2 due to the
inability to maintain torso alignment, 3 points (maximum deduction) would be subtracted from the total
score.
Final numerical answer: 3 points.
11. Question: In a study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 8 upper body movements were recorded for each participant. If there were 15 participants
in the study, how many total upper body movements were recorded in the study?
Solution: To find the total number of upper body movements recorded in the study, we need to multiply
the number of movements recorded per participant by the total number of participants.
Number of upper body movements recorded per participant = 8 Total number of participants = 15
Total number of upper body movements = Number of movements per participant x Total number of
participants Total number of upper body movements = 8 x 15 Total number of upper body movements = 120
Therefore, in the study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 120 upper body movements were recorded.
12. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tool,
20 participants were assessed twice within a one-week interval. The mean score for the first assessment
was 16.5, with a standard deviation of 2.1, and the mean score for the second assessment was 17.3, with a
standard deviation of 2.4. Calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the reliability
of the FMS tool in this study.
Solution: ICC can be calculated using the formula: ICC = (Between Subject Variance) / (Between
Subject Variance + Within Subject Variance)
First, we need to calculate the Between Subject Variance: BSV = ( individuals’ means - grand mean)2/totalnumberofassessmentsBSV =
[((16.5 + 17.3)/2−(16.5 + 17.3)/2)2]/20BSV = (16.9−16.9)2/20BSV = 0
Next, we calculate the Within Subject Variance: WSV = (2−2
B)/kwhere2=Averageoftheindividual′svariances,2
B=
GrandV ariance, andk =Numberofassessments2= [(2.12+2.42)/2] = (4.41+5.76)/2=5.0852
B=
(individuals′overallscores−grandmean)2/totalnumberofassessments2
B= [((16.5−16.9)2+(17.3−
16.9)2)/20] = (0.16 + 0.16)/20 = 0.016W SV = (5.085 −0.016)/2=5.069/2=2.535
Now we calculate the ICC: ICC = 0 / (0 + 2.535) = 0 / 2.535 = 0
Therefore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the reliability of the Functional Movement
Screen (FMS) tool in this study is 0, indicating low reliability.
13. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
tool, two independent raters evaluated a group of 25 participants’ movement patterns. Rater 1 scored an av-
erage of 17.4 points per participant, while Rater 2 scored an average of 16.8 points per participant. Calculate
the inter-rater reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) formula for absolute agreement.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the total scores from both raters. Total mean = (Rater 1 mean +
Rater 2 mean) / 2 Total mean = (17.4 + 16.8) / 2 Total mean = 17.1
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each rater’s scores and the total mean.
SSbetween = 25 ∗[(17.4−17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSbetween = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSbetween =
25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSbetween = 25 ∗0.18SSbetween = 4.5
Step 3: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences within raters. SSwithin = 25 ∗[(17.4−
17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSwithin =
25 ∗0.18SSwithin = 4.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC for absolute agreement. ICC = (MSbetween −MSwithin)/(M Sbetween +
(k−1) ∗MSwithin)MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1) = 4.5/1=4.5MSwithin =SSwithin/(N∗
k)=4.5/(25 ∗2) = 0.09
ICC = (4.5 - 0.09) / (4.5 + 0.09) ICC = 4.41 / 4.59 ICC 0.96
Therefore, the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen tool in this study is approxi-
mately 0.96, indicating high agreement between the two raters in assessing movement patterns.
14. Question: Using a pressure plate technology during Functional Movement Screening, an athlete
performs a single-leg squat and generates a peak force of 350 N. If the athlete’s body weight is 70 kg, what
is the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio in N/kg?
Solution: To calculate the peak force-to-body weight ratio, we need to divide the peak force generated
by the athlete by the athlete’s body weight.
Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = Peak Force / Body Weight
Given: Peak Force = 350 N Body Weight = 70 kg
Convert the athlete’s body weight from kg to N using the acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.81 m/s2) :
BodyW eight = 70kg ∗9.81m/s2BodyW eight = 686.7N
Now, calculate the Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio: Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = 350 N / 686.7
N Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio 0.51 N/kg
Therefore, the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio during the single-leg squat using the pressure
plate technology is approximately 0.51 N/kg.
15. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant receives a score of 1 for a
movement pattern that is performed perfectly, a score of 2 for a movement pattern with slight compensations,
and a score of 3 for a movement pattern that is performed with noticeable dysfunction. If a participant scores
a total of 14 points across seven movement patterns, what would be their average score per movement
pattern?
Solution: To find the average score per movement pattern, we need to divide the total score by the
number of movement patterns assessed.
Total score = 14 Number of movement patterns = 7
Average score per movement pattern = Total score / Number of movement patterns Average score per
movement pattern = 14 / 7 Average score per movement pattern = 2
Therefore, the average score per movement pattern for this participant is 2.
16. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis Study, an athlete scored a total of
14 points on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen. Given that a perfect score is 21 points, what
percentage did the athlete score on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen?
Solution: To find the percentage score of the athlete on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen,
we use the formula:
Percentage = (Points earned / Total possible points) * 100
Plugging in the values: Percentage = (14 / 21) * 100 Percentage = 0.6667 * 100 Percentage 66.67
Therefore, the athlete scored approximately 66.67
17. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual presents with a score
of 1 for poor breathing mechanics. If the maximum score for breathing mechanics is 3, what percentage
represents the individual’s score in this area?
Solution: To find the percentage score for breathing mechanics, we will use the formula: Percentage
score = (Individual’s score / Maximum score) * 100
Given that the individual’s score for breathing mechanics is 1 and the maximum score is 3: Percentage
score = (1 / 3) * 100 Percentage score = 0.333 * 100 Percentage score = 33.33
Therefore, the individual’s score for breathing mechanics during the Functional Movement Screening is
33.33
18. Question: What is the maximum possible score in the Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test?
Solution: The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test comprises seven fundamental movement
patterns that are scored on a scale of 0 to 3 points each. Therefore, the maximum possible score in the FMS
test is 21.
Final numerical answer: 21
19. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening (FMS) study evaluating athletes, an athlete scores 3
on the Deep Squat test, 2 on the Hurdle Step test, 3 on the In-Line Lunge test, 2 on the Shoulder Mobility
test, 2 on the Active Straight Leg Raise test, 1 on the Trunk Stability Push-Up test, and 3 on the Rotary
Stability test. Calculate the total FMS score for this athlete.
Solution: - Deep Squat Test: 3 - Hurdle Step Test: 2 - In-Line Lunge Test: 3 - Shoulder Mobility Test:
2 - Active Straight Leg Raise Test: 2 - Trunk Stability Push-Up Test: 1 - Rotary Stability Test: 3
To calculate the total FMS score for the athlete, we sum up the scores from each test:
Total FMS score = 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 Total FMS score = 16
Therefore, the total FMS score for this athlete is 16.
20. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant performs the Deep Squat
test. The participant’s chest is falling forward, and their heels are elevated off the ground. The assessor
assigns a score of 1 for this movement. How many points are deducted in total for this flawed Deep Squat
movement pattern?
Solution: In Functional Movement Screening, the Deep Squat test assesses the participant’s ability to
perform a deep squat with proper form. If the participant’s heels are elevated off the ground and the chest
is falling forward, it indicates a significant movement dysfunction. In this case, a score of 1 is assigned for
this flawed movement pattern.
According to the Functional Movement Screen scoring system: - If a score of 1 is assigned, a deduction
of 2 points is made for this movement pattern.
Therefore, in total, 2 points are deducted for the flawed Deep Squat movement pattern.
21. Question: In Functional Movement Screening, what is the maximum score an athlete can achieve
on the Deep Squat test?
Solution: The Deep Squat test in Functional Movement Screening evaluates an athlete’s ability to per-
form a fundamental movement pattern - the deep squat. This movement assesses bilateral symmetrical
mobility and stability of the hips, knees, and ankles. In this test, the athlete can score up to 3 points on each
side, totaling 6 points if both sides are perfect. The athlete can score as follows:
- 0 points: Painful movement or unable to perform the deep squat. - 1 point: Major compensations in
movement pattern. - 2 points: Moderate compensations in movement pattern. - 3 points: Perfect execution
of the deep squat.
Therefore, the maximum score an athlete can achieve on the Deep Squat test in Functional Movement
Screening is 6 points.
22. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual is assessed on their trunk
stability push-up test where they perform 10 repetitions. The assessor notes that the individual’s technique
scores are as follows: 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, and 3. What is the total score for the trunk stability push-up
test?
Solution: To find the total score for the trunk stability push-up test, we sum up all the individual tech-
nique scores.
Totalscore=2+2+1+3+2+1+2+3+2+3Totalscore=21
Therefore, the total score for the trunk stability push-up test is 21.
23. Question: In a study assessing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols, an
individual was assessed by two different raters on the same day with a 7-day interval between assessments.
The individual scored 15 on the first assessment and 16 on the second assessment. Calculate the Intraclass
Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the FMS scores.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the two FMS scores. Mean = (15 + 16) / 2 = 31 / 2 = 15.5
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each score and the mean. SS = (15 -
15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SS = (−0.5)2+ (0.5)2SS = 0.25 + 0.25SS = 0.5
Step 3: Calculate the total sum of squares. SStotal = (15 −15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SStotal = 0.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC using the formula: ICC = (SScorrelated)/(SScorrelated+SSerror)ICC =
(SStotal −SSerror)/(SStotal +SSerror)
Step 5: Since we have a 1-way random effects model, the formula becomes: ICC = (MSbetween −
MSwithin)/(MSbetween + (k−1) ∗MSwithin +k∗M Serror)
Step 6: Calculate the degrees of freedom for each component: dofbetween = 1dofwithin =n−1 =
2−1=1doferror =n(k−1) = 2(2 −1) = 2
Step 7: Calculate the mean square values: MSbetween =SSbetween/dofbetween = 0/1=0MSwithin =
SSwithin/dofwithin = 0.5/1=0.5MSerror =SSerror/doferror
Step 8: Substitute the values into the ICC formula: ICC = (0 - 0.5) / (0 + 1 * 0.5 + 2 * MSerror)ICC =
−0.5/(1 + 0.5+2∗MSerror)
Since we don’t have the value of MSerrorgiveninthisquestion, wecan′tcalculatetheICCwithoutthisinformation.
24. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS)
protocols, three assessors independently scored a participant’s movement patterns using the FMS scoring
criteria. The total scores assigned by each assessor to the same participant were as follows: Assessor 1: 17
Assessor 2: 16 Assessor 3: 18
Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient to determine the inter-rater reliability of the FMS protocols in
this study.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the proportion of agreements (Pa) between the assessors. Pa = (Number of
total agreements) / (Number of total possible agreements) Pa = [(number of assessors * number of assessors’
possible scores) - number of assessors] / [((number of assessors) * (number of assessors - 1))]
Pa=[(3*3)-3]/[(3*2)]=6/6=1
Step 2: Calculate the proportion of observed agreements (Po) among assessors. Po = (Pr) / n Pr = 1/(3-1)
* (Pa) Pr = 1/2 * 1 = 0.5
Po = 0.5 / 3 = 0.1667
Step 3: Calculate the proportion of agreement expected by chance (Pe). Pe = (q2
i)whereqiistheproportionofassessorsgivingscorei.Here, q1=
1/3, q2= 1/3, andq3= 1/3.
Pe = (1/3)2+ (1/3)2+ (1/3)2= 1/9+1/9+1/9=1/3
Step 4: Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient. Kappa = (Po - Pe) / (1 - Pe) Kappa = (0.1667 - 0.3333)
/ (1 - 0.3333) Kappa = -0.1666 / 0.6667 = -0.2499
Therefore, the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient for the FMS protocols in this study is approximately -0.2499.
25. Question: In a study analyzing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols
in predicting injury risk, a sample of 50 athletes were assessed using the FMS tool. The inter-rater reliability
coefficient (ICC) for these assessments was calculated to be 0.85. If the total possible score on the FMS tool
is 21 points, how many of these points can be attributed to reliable measurements?
Solution: Inter-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is a measure of reliability ranging from 0 to 1, with
1 indicating perfect reliability. Given ICC = 0.85, this means that 85
To find the reliable portion of the measurements: Reliable Measurement = ICC x Total Possible Score
Reliable Measurement = 0.85 x 21 Reliable Measurement = 17.85
Therefore, 17.85 points on the FMS tool can be attributed to reliable measurements in predicting injury
risk.
Plugging in the values:
z=(30 −20)
5=10
5= 2
Therefore, the z-score for the new participant who can maintain the one-legged stance for 30 seconds is
2.
5. Question: In a study assessing inter-rater reliability for Functional Movement Screening, three raters
independently scored the same participant’s deep squat movement pattern out of a total possible score of 21.
Rater 1 scored 18, Rater 2 scored 19, and Rater 3 scored 17. Calculate the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
(ICC) for this inter-rater reliability scenario.
Solution: 1. Calculate the mean of the scores: Mean score = (18 + 19 + 17) / 3 Mean score = 54 / 3
Mean score = 18
2. Calculate the sum of squares of differences within raters (SSwithin) : SSwithin = (18 −18)2+
(19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSwithin = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSwithin = 0 + 1 + 1SSwithin = 2
3. Calculate the sum of squares of differences between raters (SSbetween) : SSbetween = (18 −
18)2+ (19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSbetween = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSbetween = 0 + 1 + 1SSbetween = 2
4. Calculate the Total Sum of Squares (SStotal) : SStotal =SSwithin +SSbetweenSStotal =
2+2SStotal = 4
5. Calculate the Mean Square Errors (MSE): MSE = SSwithin/(n∗(k−1))M SE = 2/(3 ∗(3 −
1))MSE = 2/6MSE = 0.3333
6. Calculate the ICC: ICC = (MSbetween−MSE)/(MSbetween+(k−1)∗MSE)Sincethereare3raters, k =
3
MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1)MSbetween = 2/(3 −1)MSbetween = 2/2M Sbetween = 1
ICC = (1 - 0.3333) / (1 + 2*0.3333) ICC = 0.6667 / 1.6666 ICC 0.4
Therefore, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the inter-rater reliability in this scenario is
approximately 0.4.
6. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores in a
group of 50 athletes, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the total FMS score was found to be
0.87. What is the interpretation of this ICC value?
Solution: To interpret the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value in the context of reliability
analysis, we can classify it as follows:
- ICC < 0.5: Poor reliability - 0.5 ICC < 0.75: Moderate reliability - 0.75 ICC < 0.9: Good reliability -
ICC 0.9: Excellent reliability
Given that the ICC value for the total FMS score in this study of 50 athletes is 0.87, this value falls within
the range of 0.75 ICC < 0.9, indicating a good reliability of the FMS scores in assessing functional move-
ment patterns in these athletes. This suggests that the FMS tool is consistent and dependable in evaluating
functional movement patterns in this group of individuals.
7. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, a participant demonstrated compen-
satory movement patterns in the squat assessment, resulting in a modified score of 1.5. If the perfect score
for the squat assessment is 3, what percentage of the ideal movement pattern did the participant exhibit?
Solution: To calculate the percentage of the ideal movement pattern exhibited by the participant during
the squat assessment, you can use the following formula:
Percentage = (Participant’s Score / Perfect Score) * 100
Given that the participant’s modified score is 1.5 and the perfect score is 3, we can substitute the values
into the formula:
Percentage = (1.5 / 3) * 100 Percentage = 0.5 * 100 Percentage = 50
Therefore, the participant exhibited 50
8. Question: In a study comparing qualitative and quantitative assessments in Functional Movement
Screening, 50 participants were evaluated using both methods. The quantitative assessment scored an aver-
age of 18.5 out of 21 points for each participant, while the qualitative assessment classified 30 participants
as having poor movement patterns. What percentage of participants had poor movement patterns according
to the qualitative assessment?
Solution: Total participants evaluated = 50
Number of participants classified as poor movers according to qualitative assessment = 30
Percentage of participants classified as poor movers = (Number of poor movers / Total participants) x
100= (30 / 50) x 100= 0.6 x 100= 60
Therefore, 60
9. Question: In a study utilizing a motion capture system for Functional Movement Screening and
Analysis, a subject performed five different functional movements. The system recorded an average of 15
degrees of hip flexion during a squat assessment. What is the total range of motion (in degrees) if the
subject’s hip extension during the same squat assessment was measured to be 25 degrees?
Solution: The total range of motion for the hip during the squat assessment can be calculated by adding
the degrees of hip flexion and hip extension. Given: Average hip flexion = 15 degrees Hip extension = 25
degrees
Total range of motion = Hip flexion + Hip extension Total range of motion = 15 degrees + 25 degrees
Total range of motion = 40 degrees
Therefore, the total range of motion for the subject’s hip during the squat assessment is 40 degrees.
10. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis session, a participant scores 2 on
the Overhead Squat assessment due to an inability to maintain the torso in alignment with the lower body.
How many points would be deducted from the total score for this specific movement pattern?
Solution: The Overhead Squat assessment in Functional Movement Screening and Analysis deducts a
total of 3 points for deviations such as torso alignment issues. Since the participant scored 2 due to the
inability to maintain torso alignment, 3 points (maximum deduction) would be subtracted from the total
score.
Final numerical answer: 3 points.
11. Question: In a study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 8 upper body movements were recorded for each participant. If there were 15 participants
in the study, how many total upper body movements were recorded in the study?
Solution: To find the total number of upper body movements recorded in the study, we need to multiply
the number of movements recorded per participant by the total number of participants.
Number of upper body movements recorded per participant = 8 Total number of participants = 15
Total number of upper body movements = Number of movements per participant x Total number of
participants Total number of upper body movements = 8 x 15 Total number of upper body movements = 120
Therefore, in the study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 120 upper body movements were recorded.
12. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tool,
20 participants were assessed twice within a one-week interval. The mean score for the first assessment
was 16.5, with a standard deviation of 2.1, and the mean score for the second assessment was 17.3, with a
standard deviation of 2.4. Calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the reliability
of the FMS tool in this study.
Solution: ICC can be calculated using the formula: ICC = (Between Subject Variance) / (Between
Subject Variance + Within Subject Variance)
First, we need to calculate the Between Subject Variance: BSV = ( individuals’ means - grand mean)2/totalnumberofassessmentsBSV =
[((16.5 + 17.3)/2−(16.5 + 17.3)/2)2]/20BSV = (16.9−16.9)2/20BSV = 0
Next, we calculate the Within Subject Variance: WSV = (2−2
B)/kwhere2=Averageoftheindividual′svariances,2
B=
GrandV ariance, andk =Numberofassessments2= [(2.12+2.42)/2] = (4.41+5.76)/2=5.0852
B=
(individuals′overallscores−grandmean)2/totalnumberofassessments2
B= [((16.5−16.9)2+(17.3−
16.9)2)/20] = (0.16 + 0.16)/20 = 0.016W SV = (5.085 −0.016)/2=5.069/2=2.535
Now we calculate the ICC: ICC = 0 / (0 + 2.535) = 0 / 2.535 = 0
Therefore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the reliability of the Functional Movement
Screen (FMS) tool in this study is 0, indicating low reliability.
13. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
tool, two independent raters evaluated a group of 25 participants’ movement patterns. Rater 1 scored an av-
erage of 17.4 points per participant, while Rater 2 scored an average of 16.8 points per participant. Calculate
the inter-rater reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) formula for absolute agreement.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the total scores from both raters. Total mean = (Rater 1 mean +
Rater 2 mean) / 2 Total mean = (17.4 + 16.8) / 2 Total mean = 17.1
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each rater’s scores and the total mean.
SSbetween = 25 ∗[(17.4−17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSbetween = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSbetween =
25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSbetween = 25 ∗0.18SSbetween = 4.5
Step 3: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences within raters. SSwithin = 25 ∗[(17.4−
17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSwithin =
25 ∗0.18SSwithin = 4.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC for absolute agreement. ICC = (MSbetween −MSwithin)/(M Sbetween +
(k−1) ∗MSwithin)MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1) = 4.5/1=4.5MSwithin =SSwithin/(N∗
k)=4.5/(25 ∗2) = 0.09
ICC = (4.5 - 0.09) / (4.5 + 0.09) ICC = 4.41 / 4.59 ICC 0.96
Therefore, the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen tool in this study is approxi-
mately 0.96, indicating high agreement between the two raters in assessing movement patterns.
14. Question: Using a pressure plate technology during Functional Movement Screening, an athlete
performs a single-leg squat and generates a peak force of 350 N. If the athlete’s body weight is 70 kg, what
is the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio in N/kg?
Solution: To calculate the peak force-to-body weight ratio, we need to divide the peak force generated
by the athlete by the athlete’s body weight.
Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = Peak Force / Body Weight
Given: Peak Force = 350 N Body Weight = 70 kg
Convert the athlete’s body weight from kg to N using the acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.81 m/s2) :
BodyW eight = 70kg ∗9.81m/s2BodyW eight = 686.7N
Now, calculate the Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio: Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = 350 N / 686.7
N Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio 0.51 N/kg
Therefore, the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio during the single-leg squat using the pressure
plate technology is approximately 0.51 N/kg.
15. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant receives a score of 1 for a
movement pattern that is performed perfectly, a score of 2 for a movement pattern with slight compensations,
and a score of 3 for a movement pattern that is performed with noticeable dysfunction. If a participant scores
a total of 14 points across seven movement patterns, what would be their average score per movement
pattern?
Solution: To find the average score per movement pattern, we need to divide the total score by the
number of movement patterns assessed.
Total score = 14 Number of movement patterns = 7
Average score per movement pattern = Total score / Number of movement patterns Average score per
movement pattern = 14 / 7 Average score per movement pattern = 2
Therefore, the average score per movement pattern for this participant is 2.
16. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis Study, an athlete scored a total of
14 points on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen. Given that a perfect score is 21 points, what
percentage did the athlete score on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen?
Solution: To find the percentage score of the athlete on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen,
we use the formula:
Percentage = (Points earned / Total possible points) * 100
Plugging in the values: Percentage = (14 / 21) * 100 Percentage = 0.6667 * 100 Percentage 66.67
Therefore, the athlete scored approximately 66.67
17. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual presents with a score
of 1 for poor breathing mechanics. If the maximum score for breathing mechanics is 3, what percentage
represents the individual’s score in this area?
Solution: To find the percentage score for breathing mechanics, we will use the formula: Percentage
score = (Individual’s score / Maximum score) * 100
Given that the individual’s score for breathing mechanics is 1 and the maximum score is 3: Percentage
score = (1 / 3) * 100 Percentage score = 0.333 * 100 Percentage score = 33.33
Therefore, the individual’s score for breathing mechanics during the Functional Movement Screening is
33.33
18. Question: What is the maximum possible score in the Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test?
Solution: The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test comprises seven fundamental movement
patterns that are scored on a scale of 0 to 3 points each. Therefore, the maximum possible score in the FMS
test is 21.
Final numerical answer: 21
19. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening (FMS) study evaluating athletes, an athlete scores 3
on the Deep Squat test, 2 on the Hurdle Step test, 3 on the In-Line Lunge test, 2 on the Shoulder Mobility
test, 2 on the Active Straight Leg Raise test, 1 on the Trunk Stability Push-Up test, and 3 on the Rotary
Stability test. Calculate the total FMS score for this athlete.
Solution: - Deep Squat Test: 3 - Hurdle Step Test: 2 - In-Line Lunge Test: 3 - Shoulder Mobility Test:
2 - Active Straight Leg Raise Test: 2 - Trunk Stability Push-Up Test: 1 - Rotary Stability Test: 3
To calculate the total FMS score for the athlete, we sum up the scores from each test:
Total FMS score = 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 Total FMS score = 16
Therefore, the total FMS score for this athlete is 16.
20. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant performs the Deep Squat
test. The participant’s chest is falling forward, and their heels are elevated off the ground. The assessor
assigns a score of 1 for this movement. How many points are deducted in total for this flawed Deep Squat
movement pattern?
Solution: In Functional Movement Screening, the Deep Squat test assesses the participant’s ability to
perform a deep squat with proper form. If the participant’s heels are elevated off the ground and the chest
is falling forward, it indicates a significant movement dysfunction. In this case, a score of 1 is assigned for
this flawed movement pattern.
According to the Functional Movement Screen scoring system: - If a score of 1 is assigned, a deduction
of 2 points is made for this movement pattern.
Therefore, in total, 2 points are deducted for the flawed Deep Squat movement pattern.
21. Question: In Functional Movement Screening, what is the maximum score an athlete can achieve
on the Deep Squat test?
Solution: The Deep Squat test in Functional Movement Screening evaluates an athlete’s ability to per-
form a fundamental movement pattern - the deep squat. This movement assesses bilateral symmetrical
mobility and stability of the hips, knees, and ankles. In this test, the athlete can score up to 3 points on each
side, totaling 6 points if both sides are perfect. The athlete can score as follows:
- 0 points: Painful movement or unable to perform the deep squat. - 1 point: Major compensations in
movement pattern. - 2 points: Moderate compensations in movement pattern. - 3 points: Perfect execution
of the deep squat.
Therefore, the maximum score an athlete can achieve on the Deep Squat test in Functional Movement
Screening is 6 points.
22. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual is assessed on their trunk
stability push-up test where they perform 10 repetitions. The assessor notes that the individual’s technique
scores are as follows: 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, and 3. What is the total score for the trunk stability push-up
test?
Solution: To find the total score for the trunk stability push-up test, we sum up all the individual tech-
nique scores.
Totalscore=2+2+1+3+2+1+2+3+2+3Totalscore=21
Therefore, the total score for the trunk stability push-up test is 21.
23. Question: In a study assessing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols, an
individual was assessed by two different raters on the same day with a 7-day interval between assessments.
The individual scored 15 on the first assessment and 16 on the second assessment. Calculate the Intraclass
Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the FMS scores.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the two FMS scores. Mean = (15 + 16) / 2 = 31 / 2 = 15.5
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each score and the mean. SS = (15 -
15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SS = (−0.5)2+ (0.5)2SS = 0.25 + 0.25SS = 0.5
Step 3: Calculate the total sum of squares. SStotal = (15 −15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SStotal = 0.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC using the formula: ICC = (SScorrelated)/(SScorrelated+SSerror)ICC =
(SStotal −SSerror)/(SStotal +SSerror)
Step 5: Since we have a 1-way random effects model, the formula becomes: ICC = (MSbetween −
MSwithin)/(MSbetween + (k−1) ∗MSwithin +k∗M Serror)
Step 6: Calculate the degrees of freedom for each component: dofbetween = 1dofwithin =n−1 =
2−1=1doferror =n(k−1) = 2(2 −1) = 2
Step 7: Calculate the mean square values: MSbetween =SSbetween/dofbetween = 0/1=0MSwithin =
SSwithin/dofwithin = 0.5/1=0.5MSerror =SSerror/doferror
Step 8: Substitute the values into the ICC formula: ICC = (0 - 0.5) / (0 + 1 * 0.5 + 2 * MSerror)ICC =
−0.5/(1 + 0.5+2∗MSerror)
Since we don’t have the value of MSerrorgiveninthisquestion, wecan′tcalculatetheICCwithoutthisinformation.
24. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS)
protocols, three assessors independently scored a participant’s movement patterns using the FMS scoring
criteria. The total scores assigned by each assessor to the same participant were as follows: Assessor 1: 17
Assessor 2: 16 Assessor 3: 18
Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient to determine the inter-rater reliability of the FMS protocols in
this study.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the proportion of agreements (Pa) between the assessors. Pa = (Number of
total agreements) / (Number of total possible agreements) Pa = [(number of assessors * number of assessors’
possible scores) - number of assessors] / [((number of assessors) * (number of assessors - 1))]
Pa=[(3*3)-3]/[(3*2)]=6/6=1
Step 2: Calculate the proportion of observed agreements (Po) among assessors. Po = (Pr) / n Pr = 1/(3-1)
* (Pa) Pr = 1/2 * 1 = 0.5
Po = 0.5 / 3 = 0.1667
Step 3: Calculate the proportion of agreement expected by chance (Pe). Pe = (q2
i)whereqiistheproportionofassessorsgivingscorei.Here, q1=
1/3, q2= 1/3, andq3= 1/3.
Pe = (1/3)2+ (1/3)2+ (1/3)2= 1/9+1/9+1/9=1/3
Step 4: Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient. Kappa = (Po - Pe) / (1 - Pe) Kappa = (0.1667 - 0.3333)
/ (1 - 0.3333) Kappa = -0.1666 / 0.6667 = -0.2499
Therefore, the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient for the FMS protocols in this study is approximately -0.2499.
25. Question: In a study analyzing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols
in predicting injury risk, a sample of 50 athletes were assessed using the FMS tool. The inter-rater reliability
coefficient (ICC) for these assessments was calculated to be 0.85. If the total possible score on the FMS tool
is 21 points, how many of these points can be attributed to reliable measurements?
Solution: Inter-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is a measure of reliability ranging from 0 to 1, with
1 indicating perfect reliability. Given ICC = 0.85, this means that 85
To find the reliable portion of the measurements: Reliable Measurement = ICC x Total Possible Score
Reliable Measurement = 0.85 x 21 Reliable Measurement = 17.85
Therefore, 17.85 points on the FMS tool can be attributed to reliable measurements in predicting injury
risk.
Plugging in the values:
z=(30 −20)
5=10
5= 2
Therefore, the z-score for the new participant who can maintain the one-legged stance for 30 seconds is
2.
5. Question: In a study assessing inter-rater reliability for Functional Movement Screening, three raters
independently scored the same participant’s deep squat movement pattern out of a total possible score of 21.
Rater 1 scored 18, Rater 2 scored 19, and Rater 3 scored 17. Calculate the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
(ICC) for this inter-rater reliability scenario.
Solution: 1. Calculate the mean of the scores: Mean score = (18 + 19 + 17) / 3 Mean score = 54 / 3
Mean score = 18
2. Calculate the sum of squares of differences within raters (SSwithin) : SSwithin = (18 −18)2+
(19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSwithin = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSwithin = 0 + 1 + 1SSwithin = 2
3. Calculate the sum of squares of differences between raters (SSbetween) : SSbetween = (18 −
18)2+ (19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSbetween = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSbetween = 0 + 1 + 1SSbetween = 2
4. Calculate the Total Sum of Squares (SStotal) : SStotal =SSwithin +SSbetweenSStotal =
2+2SStotal = 4
5. Calculate the Mean Square Errors (MSE): MSE = SSwithin/(n∗(k−1))M SE = 2/(3 ∗(3 −
1))MSE = 2/6MSE = 0.3333
6. Calculate the ICC: ICC = (MSbetween−MSE)/(MSbetween+(k−1)∗MSE)Sincethereare3raters, k =
3
MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1)MSbetween = 2/(3 −1)MSbetween = 2/2M Sbetween = 1
ICC = (1 - 0.3333) / (1 + 2*0.3333) ICC = 0.6667 / 1.6666 ICC 0.4
Therefore, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the inter-rater reliability in this scenario is
approximately 0.4.
6. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores in a
group of 50 athletes, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the total FMS score was found to be
0.87. What is the interpretation of this ICC value?
Solution: To interpret the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value in the context of reliability
analysis, we can classify it as follows:
- ICC < 0.5: Poor reliability - 0.5 ICC < 0.75: Moderate reliability - 0.75 ICC < 0.9: Good reliability -
ICC 0.9: Excellent reliability
Given that the ICC value for the total FMS score in this study of 50 athletes is 0.87, this value falls within
the range of 0.75 ICC < 0.9, indicating a good reliability of the FMS scores in assessing functional move-
ment patterns in these athletes. This suggests that the FMS tool is consistent and dependable in evaluating
functional movement patterns in this group of individuals.
7. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, a participant demonstrated compen-
satory movement patterns in the squat assessment, resulting in a modified score of 1.5. If the perfect score
for the squat assessment is 3, what percentage of the ideal movement pattern did the participant exhibit?
Solution: To calculate the percentage of the ideal movement pattern exhibited by the participant during
the squat assessment, you can use the following formula:
Percentage = (Participant’s Score / Perfect Score) * 100
Given that the participant’s modified score is 1.5 and the perfect score is 3, we can substitute the values
into the formula:
Percentage = (1.5 / 3) * 100 Percentage = 0.5 * 100 Percentage = 50
Therefore, the participant exhibited 50
8. Question: In a study comparing qualitative and quantitative assessments in Functional Movement
Screening, 50 participants were evaluated using both methods. The quantitative assessment scored an aver-
age of 18.5 out of 21 points for each participant, while the qualitative assessment classified 30 participants
as having poor movement patterns. What percentage of participants had poor movement patterns according
to the qualitative assessment?
Solution: Total participants evaluated = 50
Number of participants classified as poor movers according to qualitative assessment = 30
Percentage of participants classified as poor movers = (Number of poor movers / Total participants) x
100= (30 / 50) x 100= 0.6 x 100= 60
Therefore, 60
9. Question: In a study utilizing a motion capture system for Functional Movement Screening and
Analysis, a subject performed five different functional movements. The system recorded an average of 15
degrees of hip flexion during a squat assessment. What is the total range of motion (in degrees) if the
subject’s hip extension during the same squat assessment was measured to be 25 degrees?
Solution: The total range of motion for the hip during the squat assessment can be calculated by adding
the degrees of hip flexion and hip extension. Given: Average hip flexion = 15 degrees Hip extension = 25
degrees
Total range of motion = Hip flexion + Hip extension Total range of motion = 15 degrees + 25 degrees
Total range of motion = 40 degrees
Therefore, the total range of motion for the subject’s hip during the squat assessment is 40 degrees.
10. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis session, a participant scores 2 on
the Overhead Squat assessment due to an inability to maintain the torso in alignment with the lower body.
How many points would be deducted from the total score for this specific movement pattern?
Solution: The Overhead Squat assessment in Functional Movement Screening and Analysis deducts a
total of 3 points for deviations such as torso alignment issues. Since the participant scored 2 due to the
inability to maintain torso alignment, 3 points (maximum deduction) would be subtracted from the total
score.
Final numerical answer: 3 points.
11. Question: In a study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 8 upper body movements were recorded for each participant. If there were 15 participants
in the study, how many total upper body movements were recorded in the study?
Solution: To find the total number of upper body movements recorded in the study, we need to multiply
the number of movements recorded per participant by the total number of participants.
Number of upper body movements recorded per participant = 8 Total number of participants = 15
Total number of upper body movements = Number of movements per participant x Total number of
participants Total number of upper body movements = 8 x 15 Total number of upper body movements = 120
Therefore, in the study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 120 upper body movements were recorded.
12. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tool,
20 participants were assessed twice within a one-week interval. The mean score for the first assessment
was 16.5, with a standard deviation of 2.1, and the mean score for the second assessment was 17.3, with a
standard deviation of 2.4. Calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the reliability
of the FMS tool in this study.
Solution: ICC can be calculated using the formula: ICC = (Between Subject Variance) / (Between
Subject Variance + Within Subject Variance)
First, we need to calculate the Between Subject Variance: BSV = ( individuals’ means - grand mean)2/totalnumberofassessmentsBSV =
[((16.5 + 17.3)/2−(16.5 + 17.3)/2)2]/20BSV = (16.9−16.9)2/20BSV = 0
Next, we calculate the Within Subject Variance: WSV = (2−2
B)/kwhere2=Averageoftheindividual′svariances,2
B=
GrandV ariance, andk =Numberofassessments2= [(2.12+2.42)/2] = (4.41+5.76)/2=5.0852
B=
(individuals′overallscores−grandmean)2/totalnumberofassessments2
B= [((16.5−16.9)2+(17.3−
16.9)2)/20] = (0.16 + 0.16)/20 = 0.016W SV = (5.085 −0.016)/2=5.069/2=2.535
Now we calculate the ICC: ICC = 0 / (0 + 2.535) = 0 / 2.535 = 0
Therefore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the reliability of the Functional Movement
Screen (FMS) tool in this study is 0, indicating low reliability.
13. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
tool, two independent raters evaluated a group of 25 participants’ movement patterns. Rater 1 scored an av-
erage of 17.4 points per participant, while Rater 2 scored an average of 16.8 points per participant. Calculate
the inter-rater reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) formula for absolute agreement.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the total scores from both raters. Total mean = (Rater 1 mean +
Rater 2 mean) / 2 Total mean = (17.4 + 16.8) / 2 Total mean = 17.1
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each rater’s scores and the total mean.
SSbetween = 25 ∗[(17.4−17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSbetween = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSbetween =
25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSbetween = 25 ∗0.18SSbetween = 4.5
Step 3: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences within raters. SSwithin = 25 ∗[(17.4−
17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSwithin =
25 ∗0.18SSwithin = 4.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC for absolute agreement. ICC = (MSbetween −MSwithin)/(M Sbetween +
(k−1) ∗MSwithin)MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1) = 4.5/1=4.5MSwithin =SSwithin/(N∗
k)=4.5/(25 ∗2) = 0.09
ICC = (4.5 - 0.09) / (4.5 + 0.09) ICC = 4.41 / 4.59 ICC 0.96
Therefore, the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen tool in this study is approxi-
mately 0.96, indicating high agreement between the two raters in assessing movement patterns.
14. Question: Using a pressure plate technology during Functional Movement Screening, an athlete
performs a single-leg squat and generates a peak force of 350 N. If the athlete’s body weight is 70 kg, what
is the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio in N/kg?
Solution: To calculate the peak force-to-body weight ratio, we need to divide the peak force generated
by the athlete by the athlete’s body weight.
Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = Peak Force / Body Weight
Given: Peak Force = 350 N Body Weight = 70 kg
Convert the athlete’s body weight from kg to N using the acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.81 m/s2) :
BodyW eight = 70kg ∗9.81m/s2BodyW eight = 686.7N
Now, calculate the Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio: Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = 350 N / 686.7
N Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio 0.51 N/kg
Therefore, the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio during the single-leg squat using the pressure
plate technology is approximately 0.51 N/kg.
15. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant receives a score of 1 for a
movement pattern that is performed perfectly, a score of 2 for a movement pattern with slight compensations,
and a score of 3 for a movement pattern that is performed with noticeable dysfunction. If a participant scores
a total of 14 points across seven movement patterns, what would be their average score per movement
pattern?
Solution: To find the average score per movement pattern, we need to divide the total score by the
number of movement patterns assessed.
Total score = 14 Number of movement patterns = 7
Average score per movement pattern = Total score / Number of movement patterns Average score per
movement pattern = 14 / 7 Average score per movement pattern = 2
Therefore, the average score per movement pattern for this participant is 2.
16. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis Study, an athlete scored a total of
14 points on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen. Given that a perfect score is 21 points, what
percentage did the athlete score on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen?
Solution: To find the percentage score of the athlete on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen,
we use the formula:
Percentage = (Points earned / Total possible points) * 100
Plugging in the values: Percentage = (14 / 21) * 100 Percentage = 0.6667 * 100 Percentage 66.67
Therefore, the athlete scored approximately 66.67
17. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual presents with a score
of 1 for poor breathing mechanics. If the maximum score for breathing mechanics is 3, what percentage
represents the individual’s score in this area?
Solution: To find the percentage score for breathing mechanics, we will use the formula: Percentage
score = (Individual’s score / Maximum score) * 100
Given that the individual’s score for breathing mechanics is 1 and the maximum score is 3: Percentage
score = (1 / 3) * 100 Percentage score = 0.333 * 100 Percentage score = 33.33
Therefore, the individual’s score for breathing mechanics during the Functional Movement Screening is
33.33
18. Question: What is the maximum possible score in the Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test?
Solution: The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test comprises seven fundamental movement
patterns that are scored on a scale of 0 to 3 points each. Therefore, the maximum possible score in the FMS
test is 21.
Final numerical answer: 21
19. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening (FMS) study evaluating athletes, an athlete scores 3
on the Deep Squat test, 2 on the Hurdle Step test, 3 on the In-Line Lunge test, 2 on the Shoulder Mobility
test, 2 on the Active Straight Leg Raise test, 1 on the Trunk Stability Push-Up test, and 3 on the Rotary
Stability test. Calculate the total FMS score for this athlete.
Solution: - Deep Squat Test: 3 - Hurdle Step Test: 2 - In-Line Lunge Test: 3 - Shoulder Mobility Test:
2 - Active Straight Leg Raise Test: 2 - Trunk Stability Push-Up Test: 1 - Rotary Stability Test: 3
To calculate the total FMS score for the athlete, we sum up the scores from each test:
Total FMS score = 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 Total FMS score = 16
Therefore, the total FMS score for this athlete is 16.
20. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant performs the Deep Squat
test. The participant’s chest is falling forward, and their heels are elevated off the ground. The assessor
assigns a score of 1 for this movement. How many points are deducted in total for this flawed Deep Squat
movement pattern?
Solution: In Functional Movement Screening, the Deep Squat test assesses the participant’s ability to
perform a deep squat with proper form. If the participant’s heels are elevated off the ground and the chest
is falling forward, it indicates a significant movement dysfunction. In this case, a score of 1 is assigned for
this flawed movement pattern.
According to the Functional Movement Screen scoring system: - If a score of 1 is assigned, a deduction
of 2 points is made for this movement pattern.
Therefore, in total, 2 points are deducted for the flawed Deep Squat movement pattern.
21. Question: In Functional Movement Screening, what is the maximum score an athlete can achieve
on the Deep Squat test?
Solution: The Deep Squat test in Functional Movement Screening evaluates an athlete’s ability to per-
form a fundamental movement pattern - the deep squat. This movement assesses bilateral symmetrical
mobility and stability of the hips, knees, and ankles. In this test, the athlete can score up to 3 points on each
side, totaling 6 points if both sides are perfect. The athlete can score as follows:
- 0 points: Painful movement or unable to perform the deep squat. - 1 point: Major compensations in
movement pattern. - 2 points: Moderate compensations in movement pattern. - 3 points: Perfect execution
of the deep squat.
Therefore, the maximum score an athlete can achieve on the Deep Squat test in Functional Movement
Screening is 6 points.
22. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual is assessed on their trunk
stability push-up test where they perform 10 repetitions. The assessor notes that the individual’s technique
scores are as follows: 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, and 3. What is the total score for the trunk stability push-up
test?
Solution: To find the total score for the trunk stability push-up test, we sum up all the individual tech-
nique scores.
Totalscore=2+2+1+3+2+1+2+3+2+3Totalscore=21
Therefore, the total score for the trunk stability push-up test is 21.
23. Question: In a study assessing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols, an
individual was assessed by two different raters on the same day with a 7-day interval between assessments.
The individual scored 15 on the first assessment and 16 on the second assessment. Calculate the Intraclass
Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the FMS scores.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the two FMS scores. Mean = (15 + 16) / 2 = 31 / 2 = 15.5
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each score and the mean. SS = (15 -
15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SS = (−0.5)2+ (0.5)2SS = 0.25 + 0.25SS = 0.5
Step 3: Calculate the total sum of squares. SStotal = (15 −15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SStotal = 0.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC using the formula: ICC = (SScorrelated)/(SScorrelated+SSerror)ICC =
(SStotal −SSerror)/(SStotal +SSerror)
Step 5: Since we have a 1-way random effects model, the formula becomes: ICC = (MSbetween −
MSwithin)/(MSbetween + (k−1) ∗MSwithin +k∗M Serror)
Step 6: Calculate the degrees of freedom for each component: dofbetween = 1dofwithin =n−1 =
2−1=1doferror =n(k−1) = 2(2 −1) = 2
Step 7: Calculate the mean square values: MSbetween =SSbetween/dofbetween = 0/1=0MSwithin =
SSwithin/dofwithin = 0.5/1=0.5MSerror =SSerror/doferror
Step 8: Substitute the values into the ICC formula: ICC = (0 - 0.5) / (0 + 1 * 0.5 + 2 * MSerror)ICC =
−0.5/(1 + 0.5+2∗MSerror)
Since we don’t have the value of MSerrorgiveninthisquestion, wecan′tcalculatetheICCwithoutthisinformation.
24. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS)
protocols, three assessors independently scored a participant’s movement patterns using the FMS scoring
criteria. The total scores assigned by each assessor to the same participant were as follows: Assessor 1: 17
Assessor 2: 16 Assessor 3: 18
Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient to determine the inter-rater reliability of the FMS protocols in
this study.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the proportion of agreements (Pa) between the assessors. Pa = (Number of
total agreements) / (Number of total possible agreements) Pa = [(number of assessors * number of assessors’
possible scores) - number of assessors] / [((number of assessors) * (number of assessors - 1))]
Pa=[(3*3)-3]/[(3*2)]=6/6=1
Step 2: Calculate the proportion of observed agreements (Po) among assessors. Po = (Pr) / n Pr = 1/(3-1)
* (Pa) Pr = 1/2 * 1 = 0.5
Po = 0.5 / 3 = 0.1667
Step 3: Calculate the proportion of agreement expected by chance (Pe). Pe = (q2
i)whereqiistheproportionofassessorsgivingscorei.Here, q1=
1/3, q2= 1/3, andq3= 1/3.
Pe = (1/3)2+ (1/3)2+ (1/3)2= 1/9+1/9+1/9=1/3
Step 4: Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient. Kappa = (Po - Pe) / (1 - Pe) Kappa = (0.1667 - 0.3333)
/ (1 - 0.3333) Kappa = -0.1666 / 0.6667 = -0.2499
Therefore, the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient for the FMS protocols in this study is approximately -0.2499.
25. Question: In a study analyzing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols
in predicting injury risk, a sample of 50 athletes were assessed using the FMS tool. The inter-rater reliability
coefficient (ICC) for these assessments was calculated to be 0.85. If the total possible score on the FMS tool
is 21 points, how many of these points can be attributed to reliable measurements?
Solution: Inter-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is a measure of reliability ranging from 0 to 1, with
1 indicating perfect reliability. Given ICC = 0.85, this means that 85
To find the reliable portion of the measurements: Reliable Measurement = ICC x Total Possible Score
Reliable Measurement = 0.85 x 21 Reliable Measurement = 17.85
Therefore, 17.85 points on the FMS tool can be attributed to reliable measurements in predicting injury
risk.
Plugging in the values:
z=(30 −20)
5=10
5= 2
Therefore, the z-score for the new participant who can maintain the one-legged stance for 30 seconds is
2.
5. Question: In a study assessing inter-rater reliability for Functional Movement Screening, three raters
independently scored the same participant’s deep squat movement pattern out of a total possible score of 21.
Rater 1 scored 18, Rater 2 scored 19, and Rater 3 scored 17. Calculate the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
(ICC) for this inter-rater reliability scenario.
Solution: 1. Calculate the mean of the scores: Mean score = (18 + 19 + 17) / 3 Mean score = 54 / 3
Mean score = 18
2. Calculate the sum of squares of differences within raters (SSwithin) : SSwithin = (18 −18)2+
(19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSwithin = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSwithin = 0 + 1 + 1SSwithin = 2
3. Calculate the sum of squares of differences between raters (SSbetween) : SSbetween = (18 −
18)2+ (19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSbetween = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSbetween = 0 + 1 + 1SSbetween = 2
4. Calculate the Total Sum of Squares (SStotal) : SStotal =SSwithin +SSbetweenSStotal =
2+2SStotal = 4
5. Calculate the Mean Square Errors (MSE): MSE = SSwithin/(n∗(k−1))M SE = 2/(3 ∗(3 −
1))MSE = 2/6MSE = 0.3333
6. Calculate the ICC: ICC = (MSbetween−MSE)/(MSbetween+(k−1)∗MSE)Sincethereare3raters, k =
3
MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1)MSbetween = 2/(3 −1)MSbetween = 2/2M Sbetween = 1
ICC = (1 - 0.3333) / (1 + 2*0.3333) ICC = 0.6667 / 1.6666 ICC 0.4
Therefore, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the inter-rater reliability in this scenario is
approximately 0.4.
6. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores in a
group of 50 athletes, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the total FMS score was found to be
0.87. What is the interpretation of this ICC value?
Solution: To interpret the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value in the context of reliability
analysis, we can classify it as follows:
- ICC < 0.5: Poor reliability - 0.5 ICC < 0.75: Moderate reliability - 0.75 ICC < 0.9: Good reliability -
ICC 0.9: Excellent reliability
Given that the ICC value for the total FMS score in this study of 50 athletes is 0.87, this value falls within
the range of 0.75 ICC < 0.9, indicating a good reliability of the FMS scores in assessing functional move-
ment patterns in these athletes. This suggests that the FMS tool is consistent and dependable in evaluating
functional movement patterns in this group of individuals.
7. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, a participant demonstrated compen-
satory movement patterns in the squat assessment, resulting in a modified score of 1.5. If the perfect score
for the squat assessment is 3, what percentage of the ideal movement pattern did the participant exhibit?
Solution: To calculate the percentage of the ideal movement pattern exhibited by the participant during
the squat assessment, you can use the following formula:
Percentage = (Participant’s Score / Perfect Score) * 100
Given that the participant’s modified score is 1.5 and the perfect score is 3, we can substitute the values
into the formula:
Percentage = (1.5 / 3) * 100 Percentage = 0.5 * 100 Percentage = 50
Therefore, the participant exhibited 50
8. Question: In a study comparing qualitative and quantitative assessments in Functional Movement
Screening, 50 participants were evaluated using both methods. The quantitative assessment scored an aver-
age of 18.5 out of 21 points for each participant, while the qualitative assessment classified 30 participants
as having poor movement patterns. What percentage of participants had poor movement patterns according
to the qualitative assessment?
Solution: Total participants evaluated = 50
Number of participants classified as poor movers according to qualitative assessment = 30
Percentage of participants classified as poor movers = (Number of poor movers / Total participants) x
100= (30 / 50) x 100= 0.6 x 100= 60
Therefore, 60
9. Question: In a study utilizing a motion capture system for Functional Movement Screening and
Analysis, a subject performed five different functional movements. The system recorded an average of 15
degrees of hip flexion during a squat assessment. What is the total range of motion (in degrees) if the
subject’s hip extension during the same squat assessment was measured to be 25 degrees?
Solution: The total range of motion for the hip during the squat assessment can be calculated by adding
the degrees of hip flexion and hip extension. Given: Average hip flexion = 15 degrees Hip extension = 25
degrees
Total range of motion = Hip flexion + Hip extension Total range of motion = 15 degrees + 25 degrees
Total range of motion = 40 degrees
Therefore, the total range of motion for the subject’s hip during the squat assessment is 40 degrees.
10. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis session, a participant scores 2 on
the Overhead Squat assessment due to an inability to maintain the torso in alignment with the lower body.
How many points would be deducted from the total score for this specific movement pattern?
Solution: The Overhead Squat assessment in Functional Movement Screening and Analysis deducts a
total of 3 points for deviations such as torso alignment issues. Since the participant scored 2 due to the
inability to maintain torso alignment, 3 points (maximum deduction) would be subtracted from the total
score.
Final numerical answer: 3 points.
11. Question: In a study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 8 upper body movements were recorded for each participant. If there were 15 participants
in the study, how many total upper body movements were recorded in the study?
Solution: To find the total number of upper body movements recorded in the study, we need to multiply
the number of movements recorded per participant by the total number of participants.
Number of upper body movements recorded per participant = 8 Total number of participants = 15
Total number of upper body movements = Number of movements per participant x Total number of
participants Total number of upper body movements = 8 x 15 Total number of upper body movements = 120
Therefore, in the study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 120 upper body movements were recorded.
12. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tool,
20 participants were assessed twice within a one-week interval. The mean score for the first assessment
was 16.5, with a standard deviation of 2.1, and the mean score for the second assessment was 17.3, with a
standard deviation of 2.4. Calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the reliability
of the FMS tool in this study.
Solution: ICC can be calculated using the formula: ICC = (Between Subject Variance) / (Between
Subject Variance + Within Subject Variance)
First, we need to calculate the Between Subject Variance: BSV = ( individuals’ means - grand mean)2/totalnumberofassessmentsBSV =
[((16.5 + 17.3)/2−(16.5 + 17.3)/2)2]/20BSV = (16.9−16.9)2/20BSV = 0
Next, we calculate the Within Subject Variance: WSV = (2−2
B)/kwhere2=Averageoftheindividual′svariances,2
B=
GrandV ariance, andk =Numberofassessments2= [(2.12+2.42)/2] = (4.41+5.76)/2=5.0852
B=
(individuals′overallscores−grandmean)2/totalnumberofassessments2
B= [((16.5−16.9)2+(17.3−
16.9)2)/20] = (0.16 + 0.16)/20 = 0.016W SV = (5.085 −0.016)/2=5.069/2=2.535
Now we calculate the ICC: ICC = 0 / (0 + 2.535) = 0 / 2.535 = 0
Therefore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the reliability of the Functional Movement
Screen (FMS) tool in this study is 0, indicating low reliability.
13. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
tool, two independent raters evaluated a group of 25 participants’ movement patterns. Rater 1 scored an av-
erage of 17.4 points per participant, while Rater 2 scored an average of 16.8 points per participant. Calculate
the inter-rater reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) formula for absolute agreement.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the total scores from both raters. Total mean = (Rater 1 mean +
Rater 2 mean) / 2 Total mean = (17.4 + 16.8) / 2 Total mean = 17.1
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each rater’s scores and the total mean.
SSbetween = 25 ∗[(17.4−17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSbetween = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSbetween =
25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSbetween = 25 ∗0.18SSbetween = 4.5
Step 3: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences within raters. SSwithin = 25 ∗[(17.4−
17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSwithin =
25 ∗0.18SSwithin = 4.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC for absolute agreement. ICC = (MSbetween −MSwithin)/(M Sbetween +
(k−1) ∗MSwithin)MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1) = 4.5/1=4.5MSwithin =SSwithin/(N∗
k)=4.5/(25 ∗2) = 0.09
ICC = (4.5 - 0.09) / (4.5 + 0.09) ICC = 4.41 / 4.59 ICC 0.96
Therefore, the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen tool in this study is approxi-
mately 0.96, indicating high agreement between the two raters in assessing movement patterns.
14. Question: Using a pressure plate technology during Functional Movement Screening, an athlete
performs a single-leg squat and generates a peak force of 350 N. If the athlete’s body weight is 70 kg, what
is the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio in N/kg?
Solution: To calculate the peak force-to-body weight ratio, we need to divide the peak force generated
by the athlete by the athlete’s body weight.
Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = Peak Force / Body Weight
Given: Peak Force = 350 N Body Weight = 70 kg
Convert the athlete’s body weight from kg to N using the acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.81 m/s2) :
BodyW eight = 70kg ∗9.81m/s2BodyW eight = 686.7N
Now, calculate the Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio: Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = 350 N / 686.7
N Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio 0.51 N/kg
Therefore, the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio during the single-leg squat using the pressure
plate technology is approximately 0.51 N/kg.
15. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant receives a score of 1 for a
movement pattern that is performed perfectly, a score of 2 for a movement pattern with slight compensations,
and a score of 3 for a movement pattern that is performed with noticeable dysfunction. If a participant scores
a total of 14 points across seven movement patterns, what would be their average score per movement
pattern?
Solution: To find the average score per movement pattern, we need to divide the total score by the
number of movement patterns assessed.
Total score = 14 Number of movement patterns = 7
Average score per movement pattern = Total score / Number of movement patterns Average score per
movement pattern = 14 / 7 Average score per movement pattern = 2
Therefore, the average score per movement pattern for this participant is 2.
16. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis Study, an athlete scored a total of
14 points on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen. Given that a perfect score is 21 points, what
percentage did the athlete score on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen?
Solution: To find the percentage score of the athlete on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen,
we use the formula:
Percentage = (Points earned / Total possible points) * 100
Plugging in the values: Percentage = (14 / 21) * 100 Percentage = 0.6667 * 100 Percentage 66.67
Therefore, the athlete scored approximately 66.67
17. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual presents with a score
of 1 for poor breathing mechanics. If the maximum score for breathing mechanics is 3, what percentage
represents the individual’s score in this area?
Solution: To find the percentage score for breathing mechanics, we will use the formula: Percentage
score = (Individual’s score / Maximum score) * 100
Given that the individual’s score for breathing mechanics is 1 and the maximum score is 3: Percentage
score = (1 / 3) * 100 Percentage score = 0.333 * 100 Percentage score = 33.33
Therefore, the individual’s score for breathing mechanics during the Functional Movement Screening is
33.33
18. Question: What is the maximum possible score in the Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test?
Solution: The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test comprises seven fundamental movement
patterns that are scored on a scale of 0 to 3 points each. Therefore, the maximum possible score in the FMS
test is 21.
Final numerical answer: 21
19. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening (FMS) study evaluating athletes, an athlete scores 3
on the Deep Squat test, 2 on the Hurdle Step test, 3 on the In-Line Lunge test, 2 on the Shoulder Mobility
test, 2 on the Active Straight Leg Raise test, 1 on the Trunk Stability Push-Up test, and 3 on the Rotary
Stability test. Calculate the total FMS score for this athlete.
Solution: - Deep Squat Test: 3 - Hurdle Step Test: 2 - In-Line Lunge Test: 3 - Shoulder Mobility Test:
2 - Active Straight Leg Raise Test: 2 - Trunk Stability Push-Up Test: 1 - Rotary Stability Test: 3
To calculate the total FMS score for the athlete, we sum up the scores from each test:
Total FMS score = 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 Total FMS score = 16
Therefore, the total FMS score for this athlete is 16.
20. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant performs the Deep Squat
test. The participant’s chest is falling forward, and their heels are elevated off the ground. The assessor
assigns a score of 1 for this movement. How many points are deducted in total for this flawed Deep Squat
movement pattern?
Solution: In Functional Movement Screening, the Deep Squat test assesses the participant’s ability to
perform a deep squat with proper form. If the participant’s heels are elevated off the ground and the chest
is falling forward, it indicates a significant movement dysfunction. In this case, a score of 1 is assigned for
this flawed movement pattern.
According to the Functional Movement Screen scoring system: - If a score of 1 is assigned, a deduction
of 2 points is made for this movement pattern.
Therefore, in total, 2 points are deducted for the flawed Deep Squat movement pattern.
21. Question: In Functional Movement Screening, what is the maximum score an athlete can achieve
on the Deep Squat test?
Solution: The Deep Squat test in Functional Movement Screening evaluates an athlete’s ability to per-
form a fundamental movement pattern - the deep squat. This movement assesses bilateral symmetrical
mobility and stability of the hips, knees, and ankles. In this test, the athlete can score up to 3 points on each
side, totaling 6 points if both sides are perfect. The athlete can score as follows:
- 0 points: Painful movement or unable to perform the deep squat. - 1 point: Major compensations in
movement pattern. - 2 points: Moderate compensations in movement pattern. - 3 points: Perfect execution
of the deep squat.
Therefore, the maximum score an athlete can achieve on the Deep Squat test in Functional Movement
Screening is 6 points.
22. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual is assessed on their trunk
stability push-up test where they perform 10 repetitions. The assessor notes that the individual’s technique
scores are as follows: 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, and 3. What is the total score for the trunk stability push-up
test?
Solution: To find the total score for the trunk stability push-up test, we sum up all the individual tech-
nique scores.
Totalscore=2+2+1+3+2+1+2+3+2+3Totalscore=21
Therefore, the total score for the trunk stability push-up test is 21.
23. Question: In a study assessing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols, an
individual was assessed by two different raters on the same day with a 7-day interval between assessments.
The individual scored 15 on the first assessment and 16 on the second assessment. Calculate the Intraclass
Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the FMS scores.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the two FMS scores. Mean = (15 + 16) / 2 = 31 / 2 = 15.5
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each score and the mean. SS = (15 -
15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SS = (−0.5)2+ (0.5)2SS = 0.25 + 0.25SS = 0.5
Step 3: Calculate the total sum of squares. SStotal = (15 −15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SStotal = 0.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC using the formula: ICC = (SScorrelated)/(SScorrelated+SSerror)ICC =
(SStotal −SSerror)/(SStotal +SSerror)
Step 5: Since we have a 1-way random effects model, the formula becomes: ICC = (MSbetween −
MSwithin)/(MSbetween + (k−1) ∗MSwithin +k∗M Serror)
Step 6: Calculate the degrees of freedom for each component: dofbetween = 1dofwithin =n−1 =
2−1=1doferror =n(k−1) = 2(2 −1) = 2
Step 7: Calculate the mean square values: MSbetween =SSbetween/dofbetween = 0/1=0MSwithin =
SSwithin/dofwithin = 0.5/1=0.5MSerror =SSerror/doferror
Step 8: Substitute the values into the ICC formula: ICC = (0 - 0.5) / (0 + 1 * 0.5 + 2 * MSerror)ICC =
−0.5/(1 + 0.5+2∗MSerror)
Since we don’t have the value of MSerrorgiveninthisquestion, wecan′tcalculatetheICCwithoutthisinformation.
24. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS)
protocols, three assessors independently scored a participant’s movement patterns using the FMS scoring
criteria. The total scores assigned by each assessor to the same participant were as follows: Assessor 1: 17
Assessor 2: 16 Assessor 3: 18
Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient to determine the inter-rater reliability of the FMS protocols in
this study.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the proportion of agreements (Pa) between the assessors. Pa = (Number of
total agreements) / (Number of total possible agreements) Pa = [(number of assessors * number of assessors’
possible scores) - number of assessors] / [((number of assessors) * (number of assessors - 1))]
Pa=[(3*3)-3]/[(3*2)]=6/6=1
Step 2: Calculate the proportion of observed agreements (Po) among assessors. Po = (Pr) / n Pr = 1/(3-1)
* (Pa) Pr = 1/2 * 1 = 0.5
Po = 0.5 / 3 = 0.1667
Step 3: Calculate the proportion of agreement expected by chance (Pe). Pe = (q2
i)whereqiistheproportionofassessorsgivingscorei.Here, q1=
1/3, q2= 1/3, andq3= 1/3.
Pe = (1/3)2+ (1/3)2+ (1/3)2= 1/9+1/9+1/9=1/3
Step 4: Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient. Kappa = (Po - Pe) / (1 - Pe) Kappa = (0.1667 - 0.3333)
/ (1 - 0.3333) Kappa = -0.1666 / 0.6667 = -0.2499
Therefore, the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient for the FMS protocols in this study is approximately -0.2499.
25. Question: In a study analyzing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols
in predicting injury risk, a sample of 50 athletes were assessed using the FMS tool. The inter-rater reliability
coefficient (ICC) for these assessments was calculated to be 0.85. If the total possible score on the FMS tool
is 21 points, how many of these points can be attributed to reliable measurements?
Solution: Inter-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is a measure of reliability ranging from 0 to 1, with
1 indicating perfect reliability. Given ICC = 0.85, this means that 85
To find the reliable portion of the measurements: Reliable Measurement = ICC x Total Possible Score
Reliable Measurement = 0.85 x 21 Reliable Measurement = 17.85
Therefore, 17.85 points on the FMS tool can be attributed to reliable measurements in predicting injury
risk.
Plugging in the values:
z=(30 −20)
5=10
5= 2
Therefore, the z-score for the new participant who can maintain the one-legged stance for 30 seconds is
2.
5. Question: In a study assessing inter-rater reliability for Functional Movement Screening, three raters
independently scored the same participant’s deep squat movement pattern out of a total possible score of 21.
Rater 1 scored 18, Rater 2 scored 19, and Rater 3 scored 17. Calculate the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
(ICC) for this inter-rater reliability scenario.
Solution: 1. Calculate the mean of the scores: Mean score = (18 + 19 + 17) / 3 Mean score = 54 / 3
Mean score = 18
2. Calculate the sum of squares of differences within raters (SSwithin) : SSwithin = (18 −18)2+
(19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSwithin = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSwithin = 0 + 1 + 1SSwithin = 2
3. Calculate the sum of squares of differences between raters (SSbetween) : SSbetween = (18 −
18)2+ (19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSbetween = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSbetween = 0 + 1 + 1SSbetween = 2
4. Calculate the Total Sum of Squares (SStotal) : SStotal =SSwithin +SSbetweenSStotal =
2+2SStotal = 4
5. Calculate the Mean Square Errors (MSE): MSE = SSwithin/(n∗(k−1))M SE = 2/(3 ∗(3 −
1))MSE = 2/6MSE = 0.3333
6. Calculate the ICC: ICC = (MSbetween−MSE)/(MSbetween+(k−1)∗MSE)Sincethereare3raters, k =
3
MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1)MSbetween = 2/(3 −1)MSbetween = 2/2M Sbetween = 1
ICC = (1 - 0.3333) / (1 + 2*0.3333) ICC = 0.6667 / 1.6666 ICC 0.4
Therefore, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the inter-rater reliability in this scenario is
approximately 0.4.
6. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores in a
group of 50 athletes, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the total FMS score was found to be
0.87. What is the interpretation of this ICC value?
Solution: To interpret the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value in the context of reliability
analysis, we can classify it as follows:
- ICC < 0.5: Poor reliability - 0.5 ICC < 0.75: Moderate reliability - 0.75 ICC < 0.9: Good reliability -
ICC 0.9: Excellent reliability
Given that the ICC value for the total FMS score in this study of 50 athletes is 0.87, this value falls within
the range of 0.75 ICC < 0.9, indicating a good reliability of the FMS scores in assessing functional move-
ment patterns in these athletes. This suggests that the FMS tool is consistent and dependable in evaluating
functional movement patterns in this group of individuals.
7. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, a participant demonstrated compen-
satory movement patterns in the squat assessment, resulting in a modified score of 1.5. If the perfect score
for the squat assessment is 3, what percentage of the ideal movement pattern did the participant exhibit?
Solution: To calculate the percentage of the ideal movement pattern exhibited by the participant during
the squat assessment, you can use the following formula:
Percentage = (Participant’s Score / Perfect Score) * 100
Given that the participant’s modified score is 1.5 and the perfect score is 3, we can substitute the values
into the formula:
Percentage = (1.5 / 3) * 100 Percentage = 0.5 * 100 Percentage = 50
Therefore, the participant exhibited 50
8. Question: In a study comparing qualitative and quantitative assessments in Functional Movement
Screening, 50 participants were evaluated using both methods. The quantitative assessment scored an aver-
age of 18.5 out of 21 points for each participant, while the qualitative assessment classified 30 participants
as having poor movement patterns. What percentage of participants had poor movement patterns according
to the qualitative assessment?
Solution: Total participants evaluated = 50
Number of participants classified as poor movers according to qualitative assessment = 30
Percentage of participants classified as poor movers = (Number of poor movers / Total participants) x
100= (30 / 50) x 100= 0.6 x 100= 60
Therefore, 60
9. Question: In a study utilizing a motion capture system for Functional Movement Screening and
Analysis, a subject performed five different functional movements. The system recorded an average of 15
degrees of hip flexion during a squat assessment. What is the total range of motion (in degrees) if the
subject’s hip extension during the same squat assessment was measured to be 25 degrees?
Solution: The total range of motion for the hip during the squat assessment can be calculated by adding
the degrees of hip flexion and hip extension. Given: Average hip flexion = 15 degrees Hip extension = 25
degrees
Total range of motion = Hip flexion + Hip extension Total range of motion = 15 degrees + 25 degrees
Total range of motion = 40 degrees
Therefore, the total range of motion for the subject’s hip during the squat assessment is 40 degrees.
10. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis session, a participant scores 2 on
the Overhead Squat assessment due to an inability to maintain the torso in alignment with the lower body.
How many points would be deducted from the total score for this specific movement pattern?
Solution: The Overhead Squat assessment in Functional Movement Screening and Analysis deducts a
total of 3 points for deviations such as torso alignment issues. Since the participant scored 2 due to the
inability to maintain torso alignment, 3 points (maximum deduction) would be subtracted from the total
score.
Final numerical answer: 3 points.
11. Question: In a study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 8 upper body movements were recorded for each participant. If there were 15 participants
in the study, how many total upper body movements were recorded in the study?
Solution: To find the total number of upper body movements recorded in the study, we need to multiply
the number of movements recorded per participant by the total number of participants.
Number of upper body movements recorded per participant = 8 Total number of participants = 15
Total number of upper body movements = Number of movements per participant x Total number of
participants Total number of upper body movements = 8 x 15 Total number of upper body movements = 120
Therefore, in the study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 120 upper body movements were recorded.
12. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tool,
20 participants were assessed twice within a one-week interval. The mean score for the first assessment
was 16.5, with a standard deviation of 2.1, and the mean score for the second assessment was 17.3, with a
standard deviation of 2.4. Calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the reliability
of the FMS tool in this study.
Solution: ICC can be calculated using the formula: ICC = (Between Subject Variance) / (Between
Subject Variance + Within Subject Variance)
First, we need to calculate the Between Subject Variance: BSV = ( individuals’ means - grand mean)2/totalnumberofassessmentsBSV =
[((16.5 + 17.3)/2−(16.5 + 17.3)/2)2]/20BSV = (16.9−16.9)2/20BSV = 0
Next, we calculate the Within Subject Variance: WSV = (2−2
B)/kwhere2=Averageoftheindividual′svariances,2
B=
GrandV ariance, andk =Numberofassessments2= [(2.12+2.42)/2] = (4.41+5.76)/2=5.0852
B=
(individuals′overallscores−grandmean)2/totalnumberofassessments2
B= [((16.5−16.9)2+(17.3−
16.9)2)/20] = (0.16 + 0.16)/20 = 0.016W SV = (5.085 −0.016)/2=5.069/2=2.535
Now we calculate the ICC: ICC = 0 / (0 + 2.535) = 0 / 2.535 = 0
Therefore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the reliability of the Functional Movement
Screen (FMS) tool in this study is 0, indicating low reliability.
13. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
tool, two independent raters evaluated a group of 25 participants’ movement patterns. Rater 1 scored an av-
erage of 17.4 points per participant, while Rater 2 scored an average of 16.8 points per participant. Calculate
the inter-rater reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) formula for absolute agreement.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the total scores from both raters. Total mean = (Rater 1 mean +
Rater 2 mean) / 2 Total mean = (17.4 + 16.8) / 2 Total mean = 17.1
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each rater’s scores and the total mean.
SSbetween = 25 ∗[(17.4−17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSbetween = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSbetween =
25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSbetween = 25 ∗0.18SSbetween = 4.5
Step 3: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences within raters. SSwithin = 25 ∗[(17.4−
17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSwithin =
25 ∗0.18SSwithin = 4.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC for absolute agreement. ICC = (MSbetween −MSwithin)/(M Sbetween +
(k−1) ∗MSwithin)MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1) = 4.5/1=4.5MSwithin =SSwithin/(N∗
k)=4.5/(25 ∗2) = 0.09
ICC = (4.5 - 0.09) / (4.5 + 0.09) ICC = 4.41 / 4.59 ICC 0.96
Therefore, the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen tool in this study is approxi-
mately 0.96, indicating high agreement between the two raters in assessing movement patterns.
14. Question: Using a pressure plate technology during Functional Movement Screening, an athlete
performs a single-leg squat and generates a peak force of 350 N. If the athlete’s body weight is 70 kg, what
is the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio in N/kg?
Solution: To calculate the peak force-to-body weight ratio, we need to divide the peak force generated
by the athlete by the athlete’s body weight.
Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = Peak Force / Body Weight
Given: Peak Force = 350 N Body Weight = 70 kg
Convert the athlete’s body weight from kg to N using the acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.81 m/s2) :
BodyW eight = 70kg ∗9.81m/s2BodyW eight = 686.7N
Now, calculate the Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio: Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = 350 N / 686.7
N Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio 0.51 N/kg
Therefore, the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio during the single-leg squat using the pressure
plate technology is approximately 0.51 N/kg.
15. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant receives a score of 1 for a
movement pattern that is performed perfectly, a score of 2 for a movement pattern with slight compensations,
and a score of 3 for a movement pattern that is performed with noticeable dysfunction. If a participant scores
a total of 14 points across seven movement patterns, what would be their average score per movement
pattern?
Solution: To find the average score per movement pattern, we need to divide the total score by the
number of movement patterns assessed.
Total score = 14 Number of movement patterns = 7
Average score per movement pattern = Total score / Number of movement patterns Average score per
movement pattern = 14 / 7 Average score per movement pattern = 2
Therefore, the average score per movement pattern for this participant is 2.
16. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis Study, an athlete scored a total of
14 points on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen. Given that a perfect score is 21 points, what
percentage did the athlete score on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen?
Solution: To find the percentage score of the athlete on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen,
we use the formula:
Percentage = (Points earned / Total possible points) * 100
Plugging in the values: Percentage = (14 / 21) * 100 Percentage = 0.6667 * 100 Percentage 66.67
Therefore, the athlete scored approximately 66.67
17. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual presents with a score
of 1 for poor breathing mechanics. If the maximum score for breathing mechanics is 3, what percentage
represents the individual’s score in this area?
Solution: To find the percentage score for breathing mechanics, we will use the formula: Percentage
score = (Individual’s score / Maximum score) * 100
Given that the individual’s score for breathing mechanics is 1 and the maximum score is 3: Percentage
score = (1 / 3) * 100 Percentage score = 0.333 * 100 Percentage score = 33.33
Therefore, the individual’s score for breathing mechanics during the Functional Movement Screening is
33.33
18. Question: What is the maximum possible score in the Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test?
Solution: The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test comprises seven fundamental movement
patterns that are scored on a scale of 0 to 3 points each. Therefore, the maximum possible score in the FMS
test is 21.
Final numerical answer: 21
19. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening (FMS) study evaluating athletes, an athlete scores 3
on the Deep Squat test, 2 on the Hurdle Step test, 3 on the In-Line Lunge test, 2 on the Shoulder Mobility
test, 2 on the Active Straight Leg Raise test, 1 on the Trunk Stability Push-Up test, and 3 on the Rotary
Stability test. Calculate the total FMS score for this athlete.
Solution: - Deep Squat Test: 3 - Hurdle Step Test: 2 - In-Line Lunge Test: 3 - Shoulder Mobility Test:
2 - Active Straight Leg Raise Test: 2 - Trunk Stability Push-Up Test: 1 - Rotary Stability Test: 3
To calculate the total FMS score for the athlete, we sum up the scores from each test:
Total FMS score = 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 Total FMS score = 16
Therefore, the total FMS score for this athlete is 16.
20. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant performs the Deep Squat
test. The participant’s chest is falling forward, and their heels are elevated off the ground. The assessor
assigns a score of 1 for this movement. How many points are deducted in total for this flawed Deep Squat
movement pattern?
Solution: In Functional Movement Screening, the Deep Squat test assesses the participant’s ability to
perform a deep squat with proper form. If the participant’s heels are elevated off the ground and the chest
is falling forward, it indicates a significant movement dysfunction. In this case, a score of 1 is assigned for
this flawed movement pattern.
According to the Functional Movement Screen scoring system: - If a score of 1 is assigned, a deduction
of 2 points is made for this movement pattern.
Therefore, in total, 2 points are deducted for the flawed Deep Squat movement pattern.
21. Question: In Functional Movement Screening, what is the maximum score an athlete can achieve
on the Deep Squat test?
Solution: The Deep Squat test in Functional Movement Screening evaluates an athlete’s ability to per-
form a fundamental movement pattern - the deep squat. This movement assesses bilateral symmetrical
mobility and stability of the hips, knees, and ankles. In this test, the athlete can score up to 3 points on each
side, totaling 6 points if both sides are perfect. The athlete can score as follows:
- 0 points: Painful movement or unable to perform the deep squat. - 1 point: Major compensations in
movement pattern. - 2 points: Moderate compensations in movement pattern. - 3 points: Perfect execution
of the deep squat.
Therefore, the maximum score an athlete can achieve on the Deep Squat test in Functional Movement
Screening is 6 points.
22. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual is assessed on their trunk
stability push-up test where they perform 10 repetitions. The assessor notes that the individual’s technique
scores are as follows: 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, and 3. What is the total score for the trunk stability push-up
test?
Solution: To find the total score for the trunk stability push-up test, we sum up all the individual tech-
nique scores.
Totalscore=2+2+1+3+2+1+2+3+2+3Totalscore=21
Therefore, the total score for the trunk stability push-up test is 21.
23. Question: In a study assessing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols, an
individual was assessed by two different raters on the same day with a 7-day interval between assessments.
The individual scored 15 on the first assessment and 16 on the second assessment. Calculate the Intraclass
Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the FMS scores.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the two FMS scores. Mean = (15 + 16) / 2 = 31 / 2 = 15.5
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each score and the mean. SS = (15 -
15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SS = (−0.5)2+ (0.5)2SS = 0.25 + 0.25SS = 0.5
Step 3: Calculate the total sum of squares. SStotal = (15 −15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SStotal = 0.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC using the formula: ICC = (SScorrelated)/(SScorrelated+SSerror)ICC =
(SStotal −SSerror)/(SStotal +SSerror)
Step 5: Since we have a 1-way random effects model, the formula becomes: ICC = (MSbetween −
MSwithin)/(MSbetween + (k−1) ∗MSwithin +k∗M Serror)
Step 6: Calculate the degrees of freedom for each component: dofbetween = 1dofwithin =n−1 =
2−1=1doferror =n(k−1) = 2(2 −1) = 2
Step 7: Calculate the mean square values: MSbetween =SSbetween/dofbetween = 0/1=0MSwithin =
SSwithin/dofwithin = 0.5/1=0.5MSerror =SSerror/doferror
Step 8: Substitute the values into the ICC formula: ICC = (0 - 0.5) / (0 + 1 * 0.5 + 2 * MSerror)ICC =
−0.5/(1 + 0.5+2∗MSerror)
Since we don’t have the value of MSerrorgiveninthisquestion, wecan′tcalculatetheICCwithoutthisinformation.
24. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS)
protocols, three assessors independently scored a participant’s movement patterns using the FMS scoring
criteria. The total scores assigned by each assessor to the same participant were as follows: Assessor 1: 17
Assessor 2: 16 Assessor 3: 18
Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient to determine the inter-rater reliability of the FMS protocols in
this study.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the proportion of agreements (Pa) between the assessors. Pa = (Number of
total agreements) / (Number of total possible agreements) Pa = [(number of assessors * number of assessors’
possible scores) - number of assessors] / [((number of assessors) * (number of assessors - 1))]
Pa=[(3*3)-3]/[(3*2)]=6/6=1
Step 2: Calculate the proportion of observed agreements (Po) among assessors. Po = (Pr) / n Pr = 1/(3-1)
* (Pa) Pr = 1/2 * 1 = 0.5
Po = 0.5 / 3 = 0.1667
Step 3: Calculate the proportion of agreement expected by chance (Pe). Pe = (q2
i)whereqiistheproportionofassessorsgivingscorei.Here, q1=
1/3, q2= 1/3, andq3= 1/3.
Pe = (1/3)2+ (1/3)2+ (1/3)2= 1/9+1/9+1/9=1/3
Step 4: Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient. Kappa = (Po - Pe) / (1 - Pe) Kappa = (0.1667 - 0.3333)
/ (1 - 0.3333) Kappa = -0.1666 / 0.6667 = -0.2499
Therefore, the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient for the FMS protocols in this study is approximately -0.2499.
25. Question: In a study analyzing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols
in predicting injury risk, a sample of 50 athletes were assessed using the FMS tool. The inter-rater reliability
coefficient (ICC) for these assessments was calculated to be 0.85. If the total possible score on the FMS tool
is 21 points, how many of these points can be attributed to reliable measurements?
Solution: Inter-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is a measure of reliability ranging from 0 to 1, with
1 indicating perfect reliability. Given ICC = 0.85, this means that 85
To find the reliable portion of the measurements: Reliable Measurement = ICC x Total Possible Score
Reliable Measurement = 0.85 x 21 Reliable Measurement = 17.85
Therefore, 17.85 points on the FMS tool can be attributed to reliable measurements in predicting injury
risk.
Plugging in the values:
z=(30 −20)
5=10
5= 2
Therefore, the z-score for the new participant who can maintain the one-legged stance for 30 seconds is
2.
5. Question: In a study assessing inter-rater reliability for Functional Movement Screening, three raters
independently scored the same participant’s deep squat movement pattern out of a total possible score of 21.
Rater 1 scored 18, Rater 2 scored 19, and Rater 3 scored 17. Calculate the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
(ICC) for this inter-rater reliability scenario.
Solution: 1. Calculate the mean of the scores: Mean score = (18 + 19 + 17) / 3 Mean score = 54 / 3
Mean score = 18
2. Calculate the sum of squares of differences within raters (SSwithin) : SSwithin = (18 −18)2+
(19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSwithin = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSwithin = 0 + 1 + 1SSwithin = 2
3. Calculate the sum of squares of differences between raters (SSbetween) : SSbetween = (18 −
18)2+ (19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSbetween = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSbetween = 0 + 1 + 1SSbetween = 2
4. Calculate the Total Sum of Squares (SStotal) : SStotal =SSwithin +SSbetweenSStotal =
2+2SStotal = 4
5. Calculate the Mean Square Errors (MSE): MSE = SSwithin/(n∗(k−1))M SE = 2/(3 ∗(3 −
1))MSE = 2/6MSE = 0.3333
6. Calculate the ICC: ICC = (MSbetween−MSE)/(MSbetween+(k−1)∗MSE)Sincethereare3raters, k =
3
MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1)MSbetween = 2/(3 −1)MSbetween = 2/2M Sbetween = 1
ICC = (1 - 0.3333) / (1 + 2*0.3333) ICC = 0.6667 / 1.6666 ICC 0.4
Therefore, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the inter-rater reliability in this scenario is
approximately 0.4.
6. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores in a
group of 50 athletes, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the total FMS score was found to be
0.87. What is the interpretation of this ICC value?
Solution: To interpret the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value in the context of reliability
analysis, we can classify it as follows:
- ICC < 0.5: Poor reliability - 0.5 ICC < 0.75: Moderate reliability - 0.75 ICC < 0.9: Good reliability -
ICC 0.9: Excellent reliability
Given that the ICC value for the total FMS score in this study of 50 athletes is 0.87, this value falls within
the range of 0.75 ICC < 0.9, indicating a good reliability of the FMS scores in assessing functional move-
ment patterns in these athletes. This suggests that the FMS tool is consistent and dependable in evaluating
functional movement patterns in this group of individuals.
7. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, a participant demonstrated compen-
satory movement patterns in the squat assessment, resulting in a modified score of 1.5. If the perfect score
for the squat assessment is 3, what percentage of the ideal movement pattern did the participant exhibit?
Solution: To calculate the percentage of the ideal movement pattern exhibited by the participant during
the squat assessment, you can use the following formula:
Percentage = (Participant’s Score / Perfect Score) * 100
Given that the participant’s modified score is 1.5 and the perfect score is 3, we can substitute the values
into the formula:
Percentage = (1.5 / 3) * 100 Percentage = 0.5 * 100 Percentage = 50
Therefore, the participant exhibited 50
8. Question: In a study comparing qualitative and quantitative assessments in Functional Movement
Screening, 50 participants were evaluated using both methods. The quantitative assessment scored an aver-
age of 18.5 out of 21 points for each participant, while the qualitative assessment classified 30 participants
as having poor movement patterns. What percentage of participants had poor movement patterns according
to the qualitative assessment?
Solution: Total participants evaluated = 50
Number of participants classified as poor movers according to qualitative assessment = 30
Percentage of participants classified as poor movers = (Number of poor movers / Total participants) x
100= (30 / 50) x 100= 0.6 x 100= 60
Therefore, 60
9. Question: In a study utilizing a motion capture system for Functional Movement Screening and
Analysis, a subject performed five different functional movements. The system recorded an average of 15
degrees of hip flexion during a squat assessment. What is the total range of motion (in degrees) if the
subject’s hip extension during the same squat assessment was measured to be 25 degrees?
Solution: The total range of motion for the hip during the squat assessment can be calculated by adding
the degrees of hip flexion and hip extension. Given: Average hip flexion = 15 degrees Hip extension = 25
degrees
Total range of motion = Hip flexion + Hip extension Total range of motion = 15 degrees + 25 degrees
Total range of motion = 40 degrees
Therefore, the total range of motion for the subject’s hip during the squat assessment is 40 degrees.
10. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis session, a participant scores 2 on
the Overhead Squat assessment due to an inability to maintain the torso in alignment with the lower body.
How many points would be deducted from the total score for this specific movement pattern?
Solution: The Overhead Squat assessment in Functional Movement Screening and Analysis deducts a
total of 3 points for deviations such as torso alignment issues. Since the participant scored 2 due to the
inability to maintain torso alignment, 3 points (maximum deduction) would be subtracted from the total
score.
Final numerical answer: 3 points.
11. Question: In a study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 8 upper body movements were recorded for each participant. If there were 15 participants
in the study, how many total upper body movements were recorded in the study?
Solution: To find the total number of upper body movements recorded in the study, we need to multiply
the number of movements recorded per participant by the total number of participants.
Number of upper body movements recorded per participant = 8 Total number of participants = 15
Total number of upper body movements = Number of movements per participant x Total number of
participants Total number of upper body movements = 8 x 15 Total number of upper body movements = 120
Therefore, in the study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 120 upper body movements were recorded.
12. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tool,
20 participants were assessed twice within a one-week interval. The mean score for the first assessment
was 16.5, with a standard deviation of 2.1, and the mean score for the second assessment was 17.3, with a
standard deviation of 2.4. Calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the reliability
of the FMS tool in this study.
Solution: ICC can be calculated using the formula: ICC = (Between Subject Variance) / (Between
Subject Variance + Within Subject Variance)
First, we need to calculate the Between Subject Variance: BSV = ( individuals’ means - grand mean)2/totalnumberofassessmentsBSV =
[((16.5 + 17.3)/2−(16.5 + 17.3)/2)2]/20BSV = (16.9−16.9)2/20BSV = 0
Next, we calculate the Within Subject Variance: WSV = (2−2
B)/kwhere2=Averageoftheindividual′svariances,2
B=
GrandV ariance, andk =Numberofassessments2= [(2.12+2.42)/2] = (4.41+5.76)/2=5.0852
B=
(individuals′overallscores−grandmean)2/totalnumberofassessments2
B= [((16.5−16.9)2+(17.3−
16.9)2)/20] = (0.16 + 0.16)/20 = 0.016W SV = (5.085 −0.016)/2=5.069/2=2.535
Now we calculate the ICC: ICC = 0 / (0 + 2.535) = 0 / 2.535 = 0
Therefore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the reliability of the Functional Movement
Screen (FMS) tool in this study is 0, indicating low reliability.
13. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
tool, two independent raters evaluated a group of 25 participants’ movement patterns. Rater 1 scored an av-
erage of 17.4 points per participant, while Rater 2 scored an average of 16.8 points per participant. Calculate
the inter-rater reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) formula for absolute agreement.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the total scores from both raters. Total mean = (Rater 1 mean +
Rater 2 mean) / 2 Total mean = (17.4 + 16.8) / 2 Total mean = 17.1
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each rater’s scores and the total mean.
SSbetween = 25 ∗[(17.4−17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSbetween = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSbetween =
25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSbetween = 25 ∗0.18SSbetween = 4.5
Step 3: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences within raters. SSwithin = 25 ∗[(17.4−
17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSwithin =
25 ∗0.18SSwithin = 4.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC for absolute agreement. ICC = (MSbetween −MSwithin)/(M Sbetween +
(k−1) ∗MSwithin)MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1) = 4.5/1=4.5MSwithin =SSwithin/(N∗
k)=4.5/(25 ∗2) = 0.09
ICC = (4.5 - 0.09) / (4.5 + 0.09) ICC = 4.41 / 4.59 ICC 0.96
Therefore, the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen tool in this study is approxi-
mately 0.96, indicating high agreement between the two raters in assessing movement patterns.
14. Question: Using a pressure plate technology during Functional Movement Screening, an athlete
performs a single-leg squat and generates a peak force of 350 N. If the athlete’s body weight is 70 kg, what
is the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio in N/kg?
Solution: To calculate the peak force-to-body weight ratio, we need to divide the peak force generated
by the athlete by the athlete’s body weight.
Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = Peak Force / Body Weight
Given: Peak Force = 350 N Body Weight = 70 kg
Convert the athlete’s body weight from kg to N using the acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.81 m/s2) :
BodyW eight = 70kg ∗9.81m/s2BodyW eight = 686.7N
Now, calculate the Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio: Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = 350 N / 686.7
N Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio 0.51 N/kg
Therefore, the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio during the single-leg squat using the pressure
plate technology is approximately 0.51 N/kg.
15. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant receives a score of 1 for a
movement pattern that is performed perfectly, a score of 2 for a movement pattern with slight compensations,
and a score of 3 for a movement pattern that is performed with noticeable dysfunction. If a participant scores
a total of 14 points across seven movement patterns, what would be their average score per movement
pattern?
Solution: To find the average score per movement pattern, we need to divide the total score by the
number of movement patterns assessed.
Total score = 14 Number of movement patterns = 7
Average score per movement pattern = Total score / Number of movement patterns Average score per
movement pattern = 14 / 7 Average score per movement pattern = 2
Therefore, the average score per movement pattern for this participant is 2.
16. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis Study, an athlete scored a total of
14 points on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen. Given that a perfect score is 21 points, what
percentage did the athlete score on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen?
Solution: To find the percentage score of the athlete on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen,
we use the formula:
Percentage = (Points earned / Total possible points) * 100
Plugging in the values: Percentage = (14 / 21) * 100 Percentage = 0.6667 * 100 Percentage 66.67
Therefore, the athlete scored approximately 66.67
17. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual presents with a score
of 1 for poor breathing mechanics. If the maximum score for breathing mechanics is 3, what percentage
represents the individual’s score in this area?
Solution: To find the percentage score for breathing mechanics, we will use the formula: Percentage
score = (Individual’s score / Maximum score) * 100
Given that the individual’s score for breathing mechanics is 1 and the maximum score is 3: Percentage
score = (1 / 3) * 100 Percentage score = 0.333 * 100 Percentage score = 33.33
Therefore, the individual’s score for breathing mechanics during the Functional Movement Screening is
33.33
18. Question: What is the maximum possible score in the Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test?
Solution: The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test comprises seven fundamental movement
patterns that are scored on a scale of 0 to 3 points each. Therefore, the maximum possible score in the FMS
test is 21.
Final numerical answer: 21
19. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening (FMS) study evaluating athletes, an athlete scores 3
on the Deep Squat test, 2 on the Hurdle Step test, 3 on the In-Line Lunge test, 2 on the Shoulder Mobility
test, 2 on the Active Straight Leg Raise test, 1 on the Trunk Stability Push-Up test, and 3 on the Rotary
Stability test. Calculate the total FMS score for this athlete.
Solution: - Deep Squat Test: 3 - Hurdle Step Test: 2 - In-Line Lunge Test: 3 - Shoulder Mobility Test:
2 - Active Straight Leg Raise Test: 2 - Trunk Stability Push-Up Test: 1 - Rotary Stability Test: 3
To calculate the total FMS score for the athlete, we sum up the scores from each test:
Total FMS score = 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 Total FMS score = 16
Therefore, the total FMS score for this athlete is 16.
20. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant performs the Deep Squat
test. The participant’s chest is falling forward, and their heels are elevated off the ground. The assessor
assigns a score of 1 for this movement. How many points are deducted in total for this flawed Deep Squat
movement pattern?
Solution: In Functional Movement Screening, the Deep Squat test assesses the participant’s ability to
perform a deep squat with proper form. If the participant’s heels are elevated off the ground and the chest
is falling forward, it indicates a significant movement dysfunction. In this case, a score of 1 is assigned for
this flawed movement pattern.
According to the Functional Movement Screen scoring system: - If a score of 1 is assigned, a deduction
of 2 points is made for this movement pattern.
Therefore, in total, 2 points are deducted for the flawed Deep Squat movement pattern.
21. Question: In Functional Movement Screening, what is the maximum score an athlete can achieve
on the Deep Squat test?
Solution: The Deep Squat test in Functional Movement Screening evaluates an athlete’s ability to per-
form a fundamental movement pattern - the deep squat. This movement assesses bilateral symmetrical
mobility and stability of the hips, knees, and ankles. In this test, the athlete can score up to 3 points on each
side, totaling 6 points if both sides are perfect. The athlete can score as follows:
- 0 points: Painful movement or unable to perform the deep squat. - 1 point: Major compensations in
movement pattern. - 2 points: Moderate compensations in movement pattern. - 3 points: Perfect execution
of the deep squat.
Therefore, the maximum score an athlete can achieve on the Deep Squat test in Functional Movement
Screening is 6 points.
22. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual is assessed on their trunk
stability push-up test where they perform 10 repetitions. The assessor notes that the individual’s technique
scores are as follows: 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, and 3. What is the total score for the trunk stability push-up
test?
Solution: To find the total score for the trunk stability push-up test, we sum up all the individual tech-
nique scores.
Totalscore=2+2+1+3+2+1+2+3+2+3Totalscore=21
Therefore, the total score for the trunk stability push-up test is 21.
23. Question: In a study assessing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols, an
individual was assessed by two different raters on the same day with a 7-day interval between assessments.
The individual scored 15 on the first assessment and 16 on the second assessment. Calculate the Intraclass
Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the FMS scores.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the two FMS scores. Mean = (15 + 16) / 2 = 31 / 2 = 15.5
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each score and the mean. SS = (15 -
15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SS = (−0.5)2+ (0.5)2SS = 0.25 + 0.25SS = 0.5
Step 3: Calculate the total sum of squares. SStotal = (15 −15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SStotal = 0.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC using the formula: ICC = (SScorrelated)/(SScorrelated+SSerror)ICC =
(SStotal −SSerror)/(SStotal +SSerror)
Step 5: Since we have a 1-way random effects model, the formula becomes: ICC = (MSbetween −
MSwithin)/(MSbetween + (k−1) ∗MSwithin +k∗M Serror)
Step 6: Calculate the degrees of freedom for each component: dofbetween = 1dofwithin =n−1 =
2−1=1doferror =n(k−1) = 2(2 −1) = 2
Step 7: Calculate the mean square values: MSbetween =SSbetween/dofbetween = 0/1=0MSwithin =
SSwithin/dofwithin = 0.5/1=0.5MSerror =SSerror/doferror
Step 8: Substitute the values into the ICC formula: ICC = (0 - 0.5) / (0 + 1 * 0.5 + 2 * MSerror)ICC =
−0.5/(1 + 0.5+2∗MSerror)
Since we don’t have the value of MSerrorgiveninthisquestion, wecan′tcalculatetheICCwithoutthisinformation.
24. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS)
protocols, three assessors independently scored a participant’s movement patterns using the FMS scoring
criteria. The total scores assigned by each assessor to the same participant were as follows: Assessor 1: 17
Assessor 2: 16 Assessor 3: 18
Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient to determine the inter-rater reliability of the FMS protocols in
this study.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the proportion of agreements (Pa) between the assessors. Pa = (Number of
total agreements) / (Number of total possible agreements) Pa = [(number of assessors * number of assessors’
possible scores) - number of assessors] / [((number of assessors) * (number of assessors - 1))]
Pa=[(3*3)-3]/[(3*2)]=6/6=1
Step 2: Calculate the proportion of observed agreements (Po) among assessors. Po = (Pr) / n Pr = 1/(3-1)
* (Pa) Pr = 1/2 * 1 = 0.5
Po = 0.5 / 3 = 0.1667
Step 3: Calculate the proportion of agreement expected by chance (Pe). Pe = (q2
i)whereqiistheproportionofassessorsgivingscorei.Here, q1=
1/3, q2= 1/3, andq3= 1/3.
Pe = (1/3)2+ (1/3)2+ (1/3)2= 1/9+1/9+1/9=1/3
Step 4: Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient. Kappa = (Po - Pe) / (1 - Pe) Kappa = (0.1667 - 0.3333)
/ (1 - 0.3333) Kappa = -0.1666 / 0.6667 = -0.2499
Therefore, the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient for the FMS protocols in this study is approximately -0.2499.
25. Question: In a study analyzing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols
in predicting injury risk, a sample of 50 athletes were assessed using the FMS tool. The inter-rater reliability
coefficient (ICC) for these assessments was calculated to be 0.85. If the total possible score on the FMS tool
is 21 points, how many of these points can be attributed to reliable measurements?
Solution: Inter-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is a measure of reliability ranging from 0 to 1, with
1 indicating perfect reliability. Given ICC = 0.85, this means that 85
To find the reliable portion of the measurements: Reliable Measurement = ICC x Total Possible Score
Reliable Measurement = 0.85 x 21 Reliable Measurement = 17.85
Therefore, 17.85 points on the FMS tool can be attributed to reliable measurements in predicting injury
risk.
Plugging in the values:
z=(30 −20)
5=10
5= 2
Therefore, the z-score for the new participant who can maintain the one-legged stance for 30 seconds is
2.
5. Question: In a study assessing inter-rater reliability for Functional Movement Screening, three raters
independently scored the same participant’s deep squat movement pattern out of a total possible score of 21.
Rater 1 scored 18, Rater 2 scored 19, and Rater 3 scored 17. Calculate the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
(ICC) for this inter-rater reliability scenario.
Solution: 1. Calculate the mean of the scores: Mean score = (18 + 19 + 17) / 3 Mean score = 54 / 3
Mean score = 18
2. Calculate the sum of squares of differences within raters (SSwithin) : SSwithin = (18 −18)2+
(19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSwithin = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSwithin = 0 + 1 + 1SSwithin = 2
3. Calculate the sum of squares of differences between raters (SSbetween) : SSbetween = (18 −
18)2+ (19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSbetween = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSbetween = 0 + 1 + 1SSbetween = 2
4. Calculate the Total Sum of Squares (SStotal) : SStotal =SSwithin +SSbetweenSStotal =
2+2SStotal = 4
5. Calculate the Mean Square Errors (MSE): MSE = SSwithin/(n∗(k−1))M SE = 2/(3 ∗(3 −
1))MSE = 2/6MSE = 0.3333
6. Calculate the ICC: ICC = (MSbetween−MSE)/(MSbetween+(k−1)∗MSE)Sincethereare3raters, k =
3
MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1)MSbetween = 2/(3 −1)MSbetween = 2/2M Sbetween = 1
ICC = (1 - 0.3333) / (1 + 2*0.3333) ICC = 0.6667 / 1.6666 ICC 0.4
Therefore, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the inter-rater reliability in this scenario is
approximately 0.4.
6. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores in a
group of 50 athletes, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the total FMS score was found to be
0.87. What is the interpretation of this ICC value?
Solution: To interpret the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value in the context of reliability
analysis, we can classify it as follows:
- ICC < 0.5: Poor reliability - 0.5 ICC < 0.75: Moderate reliability - 0.75 ICC < 0.9: Good reliability -
ICC 0.9: Excellent reliability
Given that the ICC value for the total FMS score in this study of 50 athletes is 0.87, this value falls within
the range of 0.75 ICC < 0.9, indicating a good reliability of the FMS scores in assessing functional move-
ment patterns in these athletes. This suggests that the FMS tool is consistent and dependable in evaluating
functional movement patterns in this group of individuals.
7. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, a participant demonstrated compen-
satory movement patterns in the squat assessment, resulting in a modified score of 1.5. If the perfect score
for the squat assessment is 3, what percentage of the ideal movement pattern did the participant exhibit?
Solution: To calculate the percentage of the ideal movement pattern exhibited by the participant during
the squat assessment, you can use the following formula:
Percentage = (Participant’s Score / Perfect Score) * 100
Given that the participant’s modified score is 1.5 and the perfect score is 3, we can substitute the values
into the formula:
Percentage = (1.5 / 3) * 100 Percentage = 0.5 * 100 Percentage = 50
Therefore, the participant exhibited 50
8. Question: In a study comparing qualitative and quantitative assessments in Functional Movement
Screening, 50 participants were evaluated using both methods. The quantitative assessment scored an aver-
age of 18.5 out of 21 points for each participant, while the qualitative assessment classified 30 participants
as having poor movement patterns. What percentage of participants had poor movement patterns according
to the qualitative assessment?
Solution: Total participants evaluated = 50
Number of participants classified as poor movers according to qualitative assessment = 30
Percentage of participants classified as poor movers = (Number of poor movers / Total participants) x
100= (30 / 50) x 100= 0.6 x 100= 60
Therefore, 60
9. Question: In a study utilizing a motion capture system for Functional Movement Screening and
Analysis, a subject performed five different functional movements. The system recorded an average of 15
degrees of hip flexion during a squat assessment. What is the total range of motion (in degrees) if the
subject’s hip extension during the same squat assessment was measured to be 25 degrees?
Solution: The total range of motion for the hip during the squat assessment can be calculated by adding
the degrees of hip flexion and hip extension. Given: Average hip flexion = 15 degrees Hip extension = 25
degrees
Total range of motion = Hip flexion + Hip extension Total range of motion = 15 degrees + 25 degrees
Total range of motion = 40 degrees
Therefore, the total range of motion for the subject’s hip during the squat assessment is 40 degrees.
10. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis session, a participant scores 2 on
the Overhead Squat assessment due to an inability to maintain the torso in alignment with the lower body.
How many points would be deducted from the total score for this specific movement pattern?
Solution: The Overhead Squat assessment in Functional Movement Screening and Analysis deducts a
total of 3 points for deviations such as torso alignment issues. Since the participant scored 2 due to the
inability to maintain torso alignment, 3 points (maximum deduction) would be subtracted from the total
score.
Final numerical answer: 3 points.
11. Question: In a study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 8 upper body movements were recorded for each participant. If there were 15 participants
in the study, how many total upper body movements were recorded in the study?
Solution: To find the total number of upper body movements recorded in the study, we need to multiply
the number of movements recorded per participant by the total number of participants.
Number of upper body movements recorded per participant = 8 Total number of participants = 15
Total number of upper body movements = Number of movements per participant x Total number of
participants Total number of upper body movements = 8 x 15 Total number of upper body movements = 120
Therefore, in the study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 120 upper body movements were recorded.
12. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tool,
20 participants were assessed twice within a one-week interval. The mean score for the first assessment
was 16.5, with a standard deviation of 2.1, and the mean score for the second assessment was 17.3, with a
standard deviation of 2.4. Calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the reliability
of the FMS tool in this study.
Solution: ICC can be calculated using the formula: ICC = (Between Subject Variance) / (Between
Subject Variance + Within Subject Variance)
First, we need to calculate the Between Subject Variance: BSV = ( individuals’ means - grand mean)2/totalnumberofassessmentsBSV =
[((16.5 + 17.3)/2−(16.5 + 17.3)/2)2]/20BSV = (16.9−16.9)2/20BSV = 0
Next, we calculate the Within Subject Variance: WSV = (2−2
B)/kwhere2=Averageoftheindividual′svariances,2
B=
GrandV ariance, andk =Numberofassessments2= [(2.12+2.42)/2] = (4.41+5.76)/2=5.0852
B=
(individuals′overallscores−grandmean)2/totalnumberofassessments2
B= [((16.5−16.9)2+(17.3−
16.9)2)/20] = (0.16 + 0.16)/20 = 0.016W SV = (5.085 −0.016)/2=5.069/2=2.535
Now we calculate the ICC: ICC = 0 / (0 + 2.535) = 0 / 2.535 = 0
Therefore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the reliability of the Functional Movement
Screen (FMS) tool in this study is 0, indicating low reliability.
13. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
tool, two independent raters evaluated a group of 25 participants’ movement patterns. Rater 1 scored an av-
erage of 17.4 points per participant, while Rater 2 scored an average of 16.8 points per participant. Calculate
the inter-rater reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) formula for absolute agreement.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the total scores from both raters. Total mean = (Rater 1 mean +
Rater 2 mean) / 2 Total mean = (17.4 + 16.8) / 2 Total mean = 17.1
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each rater’s scores and the total mean.
SSbetween = 25 ∗[(17.4−17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSbetween = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSbetween =
25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSbetween = 25 ∗0.18SSbetween = 4.5
Step 3: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences within raters. SSwithin = 25 ∗[(17.4−
17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSwithin =
25 ∗0.18SSwithin = 4.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC for absolute agreement. ICC = (MSbetween −MSwithin)/(M Sbetween +
(k−1) ∗MSwithin)MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1) = 4.5/1=4.5MSwithin =SSwithin/(N∗
k)=4.5/(25 ∗2) = 0.09
ICC = (4.5 - 0.09) / (4.5 + 0.09) ICC = 4.41 / 4.59 ICC 0.96
Therefore, the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen tool in this study is approxi-
mately 0.96, indicating high agreement between the two raters in assessing movement patterns.
14. Question: Using a pressure plate technology during Functional Movement Screening, an athlete
performs a single-leg squat and generates a peak force of 350 N. If the athlete’s body weight is 70 kg, what
is the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio in N/kg?
Solution: To calculate the peak force-to-body weight ratio, we need to divide the peak force generated
by the athlete by the athlete’s body weight.
Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = Peak Force / Body Weight
Given: Peak Force = 350 N Body Weight = 70 kg
Convert the athlete’s body weight from kg to N using the acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.81 m/s2) :
BodyW eight = 70kg ∗9.81m/s2BodyW eight = 686.7N
Now, calculate the Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio: Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = 350 N / 686.7
N Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio 0.51 N/kg
Therefore, the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio during the single-leg squat using the pressure
plate technology is approximately 0.51 N/kg.
15. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant receives a score of 1 for a
movement pattern that is performed perfectly, a score of 2 for a movement pattern with slight compensations,
and a score of 3 for a movement pattern that is performed with noticeable dysfunction. If a participant scores
a total of 14 points across seven movement patterns, what would be their average score per movement
pattern?
Solution: To find the average score per movement pattern, we need to divide the total score by the
number of movement patterns assessed.
Total score = 14 Number of movement patterns = 7
Average score per movement pattern = Total score / Number of movement patterns Average score per
movement pattern = 14 / 7 Average score per movement pattern = 2
Therefore, the average score per movement pattern for this participant is 2.
16. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis Study, an athlete scored a total of
14 points on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen. Given that a perfect score is 21 points, what
percentage did the athlete score on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen?
Solution: To find the percentage score of the athlete on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen,
we use the formula:
Percentage = (Points earned / Total possible points) * 100
Plugging in the values: Percentage = (14 / 21) * 100 Percentage = 0.6667 * 100 Percentage 66.67
Therefore, the athlete scored approximately 66.67
17. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual presents with a score
of 1 for poor breathing mechanics. If the maximum score for breathing mechanics is 3, what percentage
represents the individual’s score in this area?
Solution: To find the percentage score for breathing mechanics, we will use the formula: Percentage
score = (Individual’s score / Maximum score) * 100
Given that the individual’s score for breathing mechanics is 1 and the maximum score is 3: Percentage
score = (1 / 3) * 100 Percentage score = 0.333 * 100 Percentage score = 33.33
Therefore, the individual’s score for breathing mechanics during the Functional Movement Screening is
33.33
18. Question: What is the maximum possible score in the Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test?
Solution: The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test comprises seven fundamental movement
patterns that are scored on a scale of 0 to 3 points each. Therefore, the maximum possible score in the FMS
test is 21.
Final numerical answer: 21
19. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening (FMS) study evaluating athletes, an athlete scores 3
on the Deep Squat test, 2 on the Hurdle Step test, 3 on the In-Line Lunge test, 2 on the Shoulder Mobility
test, 2 on the Active Straight Leg Raise test, 1 on the Trunk Stability Push-Up test, and 3 on the Rotary
Stability test. Calculate the total FMS score for this athlete.
Solution: - Deep Squat Test: 3 - Hurdle Step Test: 2 - In-Line Lunge Test: 3 - Shoulder Mobility Test:
2 - Active Straight Leg Raise Test: 2 - Trunk Stability Push-Up Test: 1 - Rotary Stability Test: 3
To calculate the total FMS score for the athlete, we sum up the scores from each test:
Total FMS score = 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 Total FMS score = 16
Therefore, the total FMS score for this athlete is 16.
20. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant performs the Deep Squat
test. The participant’s chest is falling forward, and their heels are elevated off the ground. The assessor
assigns a score of 1 for this movement. How many points are deducted in total for this flawed Deep Squat
movement pattern?
Solution: In Functional Movement Screening, the Deep Squat test assesses the participant’s ability to
perform a deep squat with proper form. If the participant’s heels are elevated off the ground and the chest
is falling forward, it indicates a significant movement dysfunction. In this case, a score of 1 is assigned for
this flawed movement pattern.
According to the Functional Movement Screen scoring system: - If a score of 1 is assigned, a deduction
of 2 points is made for this movement pattern.
Therefore, in total, 2 points are deducted for the flawed Deep Squat movement pattern.
21. Question: In Functional Movement Screening, what is the maximum score an athlete can achieve
on the Deep Squat test?
Solution: The Deep Squat test in Functional Movement Screening evaluates an athlete’s ability to per-
form a fundamental movement pattern - the deep squat. This movement assesses bilateral symmetrical
mobility and stability of the hips, knees, and ankles. In this test, the athlete can score up to 3 points on each
side, totaling 6 points if both sides are perfect. The athlete can score as follows:
- 0 points: Painful movement or unable to perform the deep squat. - 1 point: Major compensations in
movement pattern. - 2 points: Moderate compensations in movement pattern. - 3 points: Perfect execution
of the deep squat.
Therefore, the maximum score an athlete can achieve on the Deep Squat test in Functional Movement
Screening is 6 points.
22. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual is assessed on their trunk
stability push-up test where they perform 10 repetitions. The assessor notes that the individual’s technique
scores are as follows: 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, and 3. What is the total score for the trunk stability push-up
test?
Solution: To find the total score for the trunk stability push-up test, we sum up all the individual tech-
nique scores.
Totalscore=2+2+1+3+2+1+2+3+2+3Totalscore=21
Therefore, the total score for the trunk stability push-up test is 21.
23. Question: In a study assessing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols, an
individual was assessed by two different raters on the same day with a 7-day interval between assessments.
The individual scored 15 on the first assessment and 16 on the second assessment. Calculate the Intraclass
Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the FMS scores.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the two FMS scores. Mean = (15 + 16) / 2 = 31 / 2 = 15.5
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each score and the mean. SS = (15 -
15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SS = (−0.5)2+ (0.5)2SS = 0.25 + 0.25SS = 0.5
Step 3: Calculate the total sum of squares. SStotal = (15 −15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SStotal = 0.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC using the formula: ICC = (SScorrelated)/(SScorrelated+SSerror)ICC =
(SStotal −SSerror)/(SStotal +SSerror)
Step 5: Since we have a 1-way random effects model, the formula becomes: ICC = (MSbetween −
MSwithin)/(MSbetween + (k−1) ∗MSwithin +k∗M Serror)
Step 6: Calculate the degrees of freedom for each component: dofbetween = 1dofwithin =n−1 =
2−1=1doferror =n(k−1) = 2(2 −1) = 2
Step 7: Calculate the mean square values: MSbetween =SSbetween/dofbetween = 0/1=0MSwithin =
SSwithin/dofwithin = 0.5/1=0.5MSerror =SSerror/doferror
Step 8: Substitute the values into the ICC formula: ICC = (0 - 0.5) / (0 + 1 * 0.5 + 2 * MSerror)ICC =
−0.5/(1 + 0.5+2∗MSerror)
Since we don’t have the value of MSerrorgiveninthisquestion, wecan′tcalculatetheICCwithoutthisinformation.
24. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS)
protocols, three assessors independently scored a participant’s movement patterns using the FMS scoring
criteria. The total scores assigned by each assessor to the same participant were as follows: Assessor 1: 17
Assessor 2: 16 Assessor 3: 18
Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient to determine the inter-rater reliability of the FMS protocols in
this study.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the proportion of agreements (Pa) between the assessors. Pa = (Number of
total agreements) / (Number of total possible agreements) Pa = [(number of assessors * number of assessors’
possible scores) - number of assessors] / [((number of assessors) * (number of assessors - 1))]
Pa=[(3*3)-3]/[(3*2)]=6/6=1
Step 2: Calculate the proportion of observed agreements (Po) among assessors. Po = (Pr) / n Pr = 1/(3-1)
* (Pa) Pr = 1/2 * 1 = 0.5
Po = 0.5 / 3 = 0.1667
Step 3: Calculate the proportion of agreement expected by chance (Pe). Pe = (q2
i)whereqiistheproportionofassessorsgivingscorei.Here, q1=
1/3, q2= 1/3, andq3= 1/3.
Pe = (1/3)2+ (1/3)2+ (1/3)2= 1/9+1/9+1/9=1/3
Step 4: Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient. Kappa = (Po - Pe) / (1 - Pe) Kappa = (0.1667 - 0.3333)
/ (1 - 0.3333) Kappa = -0.1666 / 0.6667 = -0.2499
Therefore, the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient for the FMS protocols in this study is approximately -0.2499.
25. Question: In a study analyzing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols
in predicting injury risk, a sample of 50 athletes were assessed using the FMS tool. The inter-rater reliability
coefficient (ICC) for these assessments was calculated to be 0.85. If the total possible score on the FMS tool
is 21 points, how many of these points can be attributed to reliable measurements?
Solution: Inter-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is a measure of reliability ranging from 0 to 1, with
1 indicating perfect reliability. Given ICC = 0.85, this means that 85
To find the reliable portion of the measurements: Reliable Measurement = ICC x Total Possible Score
Reliable Measurement = 0.85 x 21 Reliable Measurement = 17.85
Therefore, 17.85 points on the FMS tool can be attributed to reliable measurements in predicting injury
risk.
Plugging in the values:
z=(30 −20)
5=10
5= 2
Therefore, the z-score for the new participant who can maintain the one-legged stance for 30 seconds is
2.
5. Question: In a study assessing inter-rater reliability for Functional Movement Screening, three raters
independently scored the same participant’s deep squat movement pattern out of a total possible score of 21.
Rater 1 scored 18, Rater 2 scored 19, and Rater 3 scored 17. Calculate the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
(ICC) for this inter-rater reliability scenario.
Solution: 1. Calculate the mean of the scores: Mean score = (18 + 19 + 17) / 3 Mean score = 54 / 3
Mean score = 18
2. Calculate the sum of squares of differences within raters (SSwithin) : SSwithin = (18 −18)2+
(19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSwithin = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSwithin = 0 + 1 + 1SSwithin = 2
3. Calculate the sum of squares of differences between raters (SSbetween) : SSbetween = (18 −
18)2+ (19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSbetween = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSbetween = 0 + 1 + 1SSbetween = 2
4. Calculate the Total Sum of Squares (SStotal) : SStotal =SSwithin +SSbetweenSStotal =
2+2SStotal = 4
5. Calculate the Mean Square Errors (MSE): MSE = SSwithin/(n∗(k−1))M SE = 2/(3 ∗(3 −
1))MSE = 2/6MSE = 0.3333
6. Calculate the ICC: ICC = (MSbetween−MSE)/(MSbetween+(k−1)∗MSE)Sincethereare3raters, k =
3
MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1)MSbetween = 2/(3 −1)MSbetween = 2/2M Sbetween = 1
ICC = (1 - 0.3333) / (1 + 2*0.3333) ICC = 0.6667 / 1.6666 ICC 0.4
Therefore, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the inter-rater reliability in this scenario is
approximately 0.4.
6. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores in a
group of 50 athletes, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the total FMS score was found to be
0.87. What is the interpretation of this ICC value?
Solution: To interpret the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value in the context of reliability
analysis, we can classify it as follows:
- ICC < 0.5: Poor reliability - 0.5 ICC < 0.75: Moderate reliability - 0.75 ICC < 0.9: Good reliability -
ICC 0.9: Excellent reliability
Given that the ICC value for the total FMS score in this study of 50 athletes is 0.87, this value falls within
the range of 0.75 ICC < 0.9, indicating a good reliability of the FMS scores in assessing functional move-
ment patterns in these athletes. This suggests that the FMS tool is consistent and dependable in evaluating
functional movement patterns in this group of individuals.
7. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, a participant demonstrated compen-
satory movement patterns in the squat assessment, resulting in a modified score of 1.5. If the perfect score
for the squat assessment is 3, what percentage of the ideal movement pattern did the participant exhibit?
Solution: To calculate the percentage of the ideal movement pattern exhibited by the participant during
the squat assessment, you can use the following formula:
Percentage = (Participant’s Score / Perfect Score) * 100
Given that the participant’s modified score is 1.5 and the perfect score is 3, we can substitute the values
into the formula:
Percentage = (1.5 / 3) * 100 Percentage = 0.5 * 100 Percentage = 50
Therefore, the participant exhibited 50
8. Question: In a study comparing qualitative and quantitative assessments in Functional Movement
Screening, 50 participants were evaluated using both methods. The quantitative assessment scored an aver-
age of 18.5 out of 21 points for each participant, while the qualitative assessment classified 30 participants
as having poor movement patterns. What percentage of participants had poor movement patterns according
to the qualitative assessment?
Solution: Total participants evaluated = 50
Number of participants classified as poor movers according to qualitative assessment = 30
Percentage of participants classified as poor movers = (Number of poor movers / Total participants) x
100= (30 / 50) x 100= 0.6 x 100= 60
Therefore, 60
9. Question: In a study utilizing a motion capture system for Functional Movement Screening and
Analysis, a subject performed five different functional movements. The system recorded an average of 15
degrees of hip flexion during a squat assessment. What is the total range of motion (in degrees) if the
subject’s hip extension during the same squat assessment was measured to be 25 degrees?
Solution: The total range of motion for the hip during the squat assessment can be calculated by adding
the degrees of hip flexion and hip extension. Given: Average hip flexion = 15 degrees Hip extension = 25
degrees
Total range of motion = Hip flexion + Hip extension Total range of motion = 15 degrees + 25 degrees
Total range of motion = 40 degrees
Therefore, the total range of motion for the subject’s hip during the squat assessment is 40 degrees.
10. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis session, a participant scores 2 on
the Overhead Squat assessment due to an inability to maintain the torso in alignment with the lower body.
How many points would be deducted from the total score for this specific movement pattern?
Solution: The Overhead Squat assessment in Functional Movement Screening and Analysis deducts a
total of 3 points for deviations such as torso alignment issues. Since the participant scored 2 due to the
inability to maintain torso alignment, 3 points (maximum deduction) would be subtracted from the total
score.
Final numerical answer: 3 points.
11. Question: In a study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 8 upper body movements were recorded for each participant. If there were 15 participants
in the study, how many total upper body movements were recorded in the study?
Solution: To find the total number of upper body movements recorded in the study, we need to multiply
the number of movements recorded per participant by the total number of participants.
Number of upper body movements recorded per participant = 8 Total number of participants = 15
Total number of upper body movements = Number of movements per participant x Total number of
participants Total number of upper body movements = 8 x 15 Total number of upper body movements = 120
Therefore, in the study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 120 upper body movements were recorded.
12. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tool,
20 participants were assessed twice within a one-week interval. The mean score for the first assessment
was 16.5, with a standard deviation of 2.1, and the mean score for the second assessment was 17.3, with a
standard deviation of 2.4. Calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the reliability
of the FMS tool in this study.
Solution: ICC can be calculated using the formula: ICC = (Between Subject Variance) / (Between
Subject Variance + Within Subject Variance)
First, we need to calculate the Between Subject Variance: BSV = ( individuals’ means - grand mean)2/totalnumberofassessmentsBSV =
[((16.5 + 17.3)/2−(16.5 + 17.3)/2)2]/20BSV = (16.9−16.9)2/20BSV = 0
Next, we calculate the Within Subject Variance: WSV = (2−2
B)/kwhere2=Averageoftheindividual′svariances,2
B=
GrandV ariance, andk =Numberofassessments2= [(2.12+2.42)/2] = (4.41+5.76)/2=5.0852
B=
(individuals′overallscores−grandmean)2/totalnumberofassessments2
B= [((16.5−16.9)2+(17.3−
16.9)2)/20] = (0.16 + 0.16)/20 = 0.016W SV = (5.085 −0.016)/2=5.069/2=2.535
Now we calculate the ICC: ICC = 0 / (0 + 2.535) = 0 / 2.535 = 0
Therefore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the reliability of the Functional Movement
Screen (FMS) tool in this study is 0, indicating low reliability.
13. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
tool, two independent raters evaluated a group of 25 participants’ movement patterns. Rater 1 scored an av-
erage of 17.4 points per participant, while Rater 2 scored an average of 16.8 points per participant. Calculate
the inter-rater reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) formula for absolute agreement.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the total scores from both raters. Total mean = (Rater 1 mean +
Rater 2 mean) / 2 Total mean = (17.4 + 16.8) / 2 Total mean = 17.1
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each rater’s scores and the total mean.
SSbetween = 25 ∗[(17.4−17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSbetween = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSbetween =
25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSbetween = 25 ∗0.18SSbetween = 4.5
Step 3: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences within raters. SSwithin = 25 ∗[(17.4−
17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSwithin =
25 ∗0.18SSwithin = 4.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC for absolute agreement. ICC = (MSbetween −MSwithin)/(M Sbetween +
(k−1) ∗MSwithin)MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1) = 4.5/1=4.5MSwithin =SSwithin/(N∗
k)=4.5/(25 ∗2) = 0.09
ICC = (4.5 - 0.09) / (4.5 + 0.09) ICC = 4.41 / 4.59 ICC 0.96
Therefore, the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen tool in this study is approxi-
mately 0.96, indicating high agreement between the two raters in assessing movement patterns.
14. Question: Using a pressure plate technology during Functional Movement Screening, an athlete
performs a single-leg squat and generates a peak force of 350 N. If the athlete’s body weight is 70 kg, what
is the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio in N/kg?
Solution: To calculate the peak force-to-body weight ratio, we need to divide the peak force generated
by the athlete by the athlete’s body weight.
Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = Peak Force / Body Weight
Given: Peak Force = 350 N Body Weight = 70 kg
Convert the athlete’s body weight from kg to N using the acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.81 m/s2) :
BodyW eight = 70kg ∗9.81m/s2BodyW eight = 686.7N
Now, calculate the Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio: Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = 350 N / 686.7
N Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio 0.51 N/kg
Therefore, the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio during the single-leg squat using the pressure
plate technology is approximately 0.51 N/kg.
15. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant receives a score of 1 for a
movement pattern that is performed perfectly, a score of 2 for a movement pattern with slight compensations,
and a score of 3 for a movement pattern that is performed with noticeable dysfunction. If a participant scores
a total of 14 points across seven movement patterns, what would be their average score per movement
pattern?
Solution: To find the average score per movement pattern, we need to divide the total score by the
number of movement patterns assessed.
Total score = 14 Number of movement patterns = 7
Average score per movement pattern = Total score / Number of movement patterns Average score per
movement pattern = 14 / 7 Average score per movement pattern = 2
Therefore, the average score per movement pattern for this participant is 2.
16. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis Study, an athlete scored a total of
14 points on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen. Given that a perfect score is 21 points, what
percentage did the athlete score on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen?
Solution: To find the percentage score of the athlete on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen,
we use the formula:
Percentage = (Points earned / Total possible points) * 100
Plugging in the values: Percentage = (14 / 21) * 100 Percentage = 0.6667 * 100 Percentage 66.67
Therefore, the athlete scored approximately 66.67
17. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual presents with a score
of 1 for poor breathing mechanics. If the maximum score for breathing mechanics is 3, what percentage
represents the individual’s score in this area?
Solution: To find the percentage score for breathing mechanics, we will use the formula: Percentage
score = (Individual’s score / Maximum score) * 100
Given that the individual’s score for breathing mechanics is 1 and the maximum score is 3: Percentage
score = (1 / 3) * 100 Percentage score = 0.333 * 100 Percentage score = 33.33
Therefore, the individual’s score for breathing mechanics during the Functional Movement Screening is
33.33
18. Question: What is the maximum possible score in the Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test?
Solution: The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test comprises seven fundamental movement
patterns that are scored on a scale of 0 to 3 points each. Therefore, the maximum possible score in the FMS
test is 21.
Final numerical answer: 21
19. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening (FMS) study evaluating athletes, an athlete scores 3
on the Deep Squat test, 2 on the Hurdle Step test, 3 on the In-Line Lunge test, 2 on the Shoulder Mobility
test, 2 on the Active Straight Leg Raise test, 1 on the Trunk Stability Push-Up test, and 3 on the Rotary
Stability test. Calculate the total FMS score for this athlete.
Solution: - Deep Squat Test: 3 - Hurdle Step Test: 2 - In-Line Lunge Test: 3 - Shoulder Mobility Test:
2 - Active Straight Leg Raise Test: 2 - Trunk Stability Push-Up Test: 1 - Rotary Stability Test: 3
To calculate the total FMS score for the athlete, we sum up the scores from each test:
Total FMS score = 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 Total FMS score = 16
Therefore, the total FMS score for this athlete is 16.
20. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant performs the Deep Squat
test. The participant’s chest is falling forward, and their heels are elevated off the ground. The assessor
assigns a score of 1 for this movement. How many points are deducted in total for this flawed Deep Squat
movement pattern?
Solution: In Functional Movement Screening, the Deep Squat test assesses the participant’s ability to
perform a deep squat with proper form. If the participant’s heels are elevated off the ground and the chest
is falling forward, it indicates a significant movement dysfunction. In this case, a score of 1 is assigned for
this flawed movement pattern.
According to the Functional Movement Screen scoring system: - If a score of 1 is assigned, a deduction
of 2 points is made for this movement pattern.
Therefore, in total, 2 points are deducted for the flawed Deep Squat movement pattern.
21. Question: In Functional Movement Screening, what is the maximum score an athlete can achieve
on the Deep Squat test?
Solution: The Deep Squat test in Functional Movement Screening evaluates an athlete’s ability to per-
form a fundamental movement pattern - the deep squat. This movement assesses bilateral symmetrical
mobility and stability of the hips, knees, and ankles. In this test, the athlete can score up to 3 points on each
side, totaling 6 points if both sides are perfect. The athlete can score as follows:
- 0 points: Painful movement or unable to perform the deep squat. - 1 point: Major compensations in
movement pattern. - 2 points: Moderate compensations in movement pattern. - 3 points: Perfect execution
of the deep squat.
Therefore, the maximum score an athlete can achieve on the Deep Squat test in Functional Movement
Screening is 6 points.
22. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual is assessed on their trunk
stability push-up test where they perform 10 repetitions. The assessor notes that the individual’s technique
scores are as follows: 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, and 3. What is the total score for the trunk stability push-up
test?
Solution: To find the total score for the trunk stability push-up test, we sum up all the individual tech-
nique scores.
Totalscore=2+2+1+3+2+1+2+3+2+3Totalscore=21
Therefore, the total score for the trunk stability push-up test is 21.
23. Question: In a study assessing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols, an
individual was assessed by two different raters on the same day with a 7-day interval between assessments.
The individual scored 15 on the first assessment and 16 on the second assessment. Calculate the Intraclass
Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the FMS scores.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the two FMS scores. Mean = (15 + 16) / 2 = 31 / 2 = 15.5
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each score and the mean. SS = (15 -
15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SS = (−0.5)2+ (0.5)2SS = 0.25 + 0.25SS = 0.5
Step 3: Calculate the total sum of squares. SStotal = (15 −15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SStotal = 0.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC using the formula: ICC = (SScorrelated)/(SScorrelated+SSerror)ICC =
(SStotal −SSerror)/(SStotal +SSerror)
Step 5: Since we have a 1-way random effects model, the formula becomes: ICC = (MSbetween −
MSwithin)/(MSbetween + (k−1) ∗MSwithin +k∗M Serror)
Step 6: Calculate the degrees of freedom for each component: dofbetween = 1dofwithin =n−1 =
2−1=1doferror =n(k−1) = 2(2 −1) = 2
Step 7: Calculate the mean square values: MSbetween =SSbetween/dofbetween = 0/1=0MSwithin =
SSwithin/dofwithin = 0.5/1=0.5MSerror =SSerror/doferror
Step 8: Substitute the values into the ICC formula: ICC = (0 - 0.5) / (0 + 1 * 0.5 + 2 * MSerror)ICC =
−0.5/(1 + 0.5+2∗MSerror)
Since we don’t have the value of MSerrorgiveninthisquestion, wecan′tcalculatetheICCwithoutthisinformation.
24. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS)
protocols, three assessors independently scored a participant’s movement patterns using the FMS scoring
criteria. The total scores assigned by each assessor to the same participant were as follows: Assessor 1: 17
Assessor 2: 16 Assessor 3: 18
Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient to determine the inter-rater reliability of the FMS protocols in
this study.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the proportion of agreements (Pa) between the assessors. Pa = (Number of
total agreements) / (Number of total possible agreements) Pa = [(number of assessors * number of assessors’
possible scores) - number of assessors] / [((number of assessors) * (number of assessors - 1))]
Pa=[(3*3)-3]/[(3*2)]=6/6=1
Step 2: Calculate the proportion of observed agreements (Po) among assessors. Po = (Pr) / n Pr = 1/(3-1)
* (Pa) Pr = 1/2 * 1 = 0.5
Po = 0.5 / 3 = 0.1667
Step 3: Calculate the proportion of agreement expected by chance (Pe). Pe = (q2
i)whereqiistheproportionofassessorsgivingscorei.Here, q1=
1/3, q2= 1/3, andq3= 1/3.
Pe = (1/3)2+ (1/3)2+ (1/3)2= 1/9+1/9+1/9=1/3
Step 4: Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient. Kappa = (Po - Pe) / (1 - Pe) Kappa = (0.1667 - 0.3333)
/ (1 - 0.3333) Kappa = -0.1666 / 0.6667 = -0.2499
Therefore, the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient for the FMS protocols in this study is approximately -0.2499.
25. Question: In a study analyzing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols
in predicting injury risk, a sample of 50 athletes were assessed using the FMS tool. The inter-rater reliability
coefficient (ICC) for these assessments was calculated to be 0.85. If the total possible score on the FMS tool
is 21 points, how many of these points can be attributed to reliable measurements?
Solution: Inter-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is a measure of reliability ranging from 0 to 1, with
1 indicating perfect reliability. Given ICC = 0.85, this means that 85
To find the reliable portion of the measurements: Reliable Measurement = ICC x Total Possible Score
Reliable Measurement = 0.85 x 21 Reliable Measurement = 17.85
Therefore, 17.85 points on the FMS tool can be attributed to reliable measurements in predicting injury
risk.
Plugging in the values:
z=(30 −20)
5=10
5= 2
Therefore, the z-score for the new participant who can maintain the one-legged stance for 30 seconds is
2.
5. Question: In a study assessing inter-rater reliability for Functional Movement Screening, three raters
independently scored the same participant’s deep squat movement pattern out of a total possible score of 21.
Rater 1 scored 18, Rater 2 scored 19, and Rater 3 scored 17. Calculate the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
(ICC) for this inter-rater reliability scenario.
Solution: 1. Calculate the mean of the scores: Mean score = (18 + 19 + 17) / 3 Mean score = 54 / 3
Mean score = 18
2. Calculate the sum of squares of differences within raters (SSwithin) : SSwithin = (18 −18)2+
(19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSwithin = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSwithin = 0 + 1 + 1SSwithin = 2
3. Calculate the sum of squares of differences between raters (SSbetween) : SSbetween = (18 −
18)2+ (19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSbetween = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSbetween = 0 + 1 + 1SSbetween = 2
4. Calculate the Total Sum of Squares (SStotal) : SStotal =SSwithin +SSbetweenSStotal =
2+2SStotal = 4
5. Calculate the Mean Square Errors (MSE): MSE = SSwithin/(n∗(k−1))M SE = 2/(3 ∗(3 −
1))MSE = 2/6MSE = 0.3333
6. Calculate the ICC: ICC = (MSbetween−MSE)/(MSbetween+(k−1)∗MSE)Sincethereare3raters, k =
3
MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1)MSbetween = 2/(3 −1)MSbetween = 2/2M Sbetween = 1
ICC = (1 - 0.3333) / (1 + 2*0.3333) ICC = 0.6667 / 1.6666 ICC 0.4
Therefore, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the inter-rater reliability in this scenario is
approximately 0.4.
6. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores in a
group of 50 athletes, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the total FMS score was found to be
0.87. What is the interpretation of this ICC value?
Solution: To interpret the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value in the context of reliability
analysis, we can classify it as follows:
- ICC < 0.5: Poor reliability - 0.5 ICC < 0.75: Moderate reliability - 0.75 ICC < 0.9: Good reliability -
ICC 0.9: Excellent reliability
Given that the ICC value for the total FMS score in this study of 50 athletes is 0.87, this value falls within
the range of 0.75 ICC < 0.9, indicating a good reliability of the FMS scores in assessing functional move-
ment patterns in these athletes. This suggests that the FMS tool is consistent and dependable in evaluating
functional movement patterns in this group of individuals.
7. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, a participant demonstrated compen-
satory movement patterns in the squat assessment, resulting in a modified score of 1.5. If the perfect score
for the squat assessment is 3, what percentage of the ideal movement pattern did the participant exhibit?
Solution: To calculate the percentage of the ideal movement pattern exhibited by the participant during
the squat assessment, you can use the following formula:
Percentage = (Participant’s Score / Perfect Score) * 100
Given that the participant’s modified score is 1.5 and the perfect score is 3, we can substitute the values
into the formula:
Percentage = (1.5 / 3) * 100 Percentage = 0.5 * 100 Percentage = 50
Therefore, the participant exhibited 50
8. Question: In a study comparing qualitative and quantitative assessments in Functional Movement
Screening, 50 participants were evaluated using both methods. The quantitative assessment scored an aver-
age of 18.5 out of 21 points for each participant, while the qualitative assessment classified 30 participants
as having poor movement patterns. What percentage of participants had poor movement patterns according
to the qualitative assessment?
Solution: Total participants evaluated = 50
Number of participants classified as poor movers according to qualitative assessment = 30
Percentage of participants classified as poor movers = (Number of poor movers / Total participants) x
100= (30 / 50) x 100= 0.6 x 100= 60
Therefore, 60
9. Question: In a study utilizing a motion capture system for Functional Movement Screening and
Analysis, a subject performed five different functional movements. The system recorded an average of 15
degrees of hip flexion during a squat assessment. What is the total range of motion (in degrees) if the
subject’s hip extension during the same squat assessment was measured to be 25 degrees?
Solution: The total range of motion for the hip during the squat assessment can be calculated by adding
the degrees of hip flexion and hip extension. Given: Average hip flexion = 15 degrees Hip extension = 25
degrees
Total range of motion = Hip flexion + Hip extension Total range of motion = 15 degrees + 25 degrees
Total range of motion = 40 degrees
Therefore, the total range of motion for the subject’s hip during the squat assessment is 40 degrees.
10. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis session, a participant scores 2 on
the Overhead Squat assessment due to an inability to maintain the torso in alignment with the lower body.
How many points would be deducted from the total score for this specific movement pattern?
Solution: The Overhead Squat assessment in Functional Movement Screening and Analysis deducts a
total of 3 points for deviations such as torso alignment issues. Since the participant scored 2 due to the
inability to maintain torso alignment, 3 points (maximum deduction) would be subtracted from the total
score.
Final numerical answer: 3 points.
11. Question: In a study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 8 upper body movements were recorded for each participant. If there were 15 participants
in the study, how many total upper body movements were recorded in the study?
Solution: To find the total number of upper body movements recorded in the study, we need to multiply
the number of movements recorded per participant by the total number of participants.
Number of upper body movements recorded per participant = 8 Total number of participants = 15
Total number of upper body movements = Number of movements per participant x Total number of
participants Total number of upper body movements = 8 x 15 Total number of upper body movements = 120
Therefore, in the study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 120 upper body movements were recorded.
12. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tool,
20 participants were assessed twice within a one-week interval. The mean score for the first assessment
was 16.5, with a standard deviation of 2.1, and the mean score for the second assessment was 17.3, with a
standard deviation of 2.4. Calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the reliability
of the FMS tool in this study.
Solution: ICC can be calculated using the formula: ICC = (Between Subject Variance) / (Between
Subject Variance + Within Subject Variance)
First, we need to calculate the Between Subject Variance: BSV = ( individuals’ means - grand mean)2/totalnumberofassessmentsBSV =
[((16.5 + 17.3)/2−(16.5 + 17.3)/2)2]/20BSV = (16.9−16.9)2/20BSV = 0
Next, we calculate the Within Subject Variance: WSV = (2−2
B)/kwhere2=Averageoftheindividual′svariances,2
B=
GrandV ariance, andk =Numberofassessments2= [(2.12+2.42)/2] = (4.41+5.76)/2=5.0852
B=
(individuals′overallscores−grandmean)2/totalnumberofassessments2
B= [((16.5−16.9)2+(17.3−
16.9)2)/20] = (0.16 + 0.16)/20 = 0.016W SV = (5.085 −0.016)/2=5.069/2=2.535
Now we calculate the ICC: ICC = 0 / (0 + 2.535) = 0 / 2.535 = 0
Therefore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the reliability of the Functional Movement
Screen (FMS) tool in this study is 0, indicating low reliability.
13. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
tool, two independent raters evaluated a group of 25 participants’ movement patterns. Rater 1 scored an av-
erage of 17.4 points per participant, while Rater 2 scored an average of 16.8 points per participant. Calculate
the inter-rater reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) formula for absolute agreement.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the total scores from both raters. Total mean = (Rater 1 mean +
Rater 2 mean) / 2 Total mean = (17.4 + 16.8) / 2 Total mean = 17.1
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each rater’s scores and the total mean.
SSbetween = 25 ∗[(17.4−17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSbetween = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSbetween =
25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSbetween = 25 ∗0.18SSbetween = 4.5
Step 3: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences within raters. SSwithin = 25 ∗[(17.4−
17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSwithin =
25 ∗0.18SSwithin = 4.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC for absolute agreement. ICC = (MSbetween −MSwithin)/(M Sbetween +
(k−1) ∗MSwithin)MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1) = 4.5/1=4.5MSwithin =SSwithin/(N∗
k)=4.5/(25 ∗2) = 0.09
ICC = (4.5 - 0.09) / (4.5 + 0.09) ICC = 4.41 / 4.59 ICC 0.96
Therefore, the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen tool in this study is approxi-
mately 0.96, indicating high agreement between the two raters in assessing movement patterns.
14. Question: Using a pressure plate technology during Functional Movement Screening, an athlete
performs a single-leg squat and generates a peak force of 350 N. If the athlete’s body weight is 70 kg, what
is the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio in N/kg?
Solution: To calculate the peak force-to-body weight ratio, we need to divide the peak force generated
by the athlete by the athlete’s body weight.
Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = Peak Force / Body Weight
Given: Peak Force = 350 N Body Weight = 70 kg
Convert the athlete’s body weight from kg to N using the acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.81 m/s2) :
BodyW eight = 70kg ∗9.81m/s2BodyW eight = 686.7N
Now, calculate the Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio: Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = 350 N / 686.7
N Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio 0.51 N/kg
Therefore, the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio during the single-leg squat using the pressure
plate technology is approximately 0.51 N/kg.
15. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant receives a score of 1 for a
movement pattern that is performed perfectly, a score of 2 for a movement pattern with slight compensations,
and a score of 3 for a movement pattern that is performed with noticeable dysfunction. If a participant scores
a total of 14 points across seven movement patterns, what would be their average score per movement
pattern?
Solution: To find the average score per movement pattern, we need to divide the total score by the
number of movement patterns assessed.
Total score = 14 Number of movement patterns = 7
Average score per movement pattern = Total score / Number of movement patterns Average score per
movement pattern = 14 / 7 Average score per movement pattern = 2
Therefore, the average score per movement pattern for this participant is 2.
16. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis Study, an athlete scored a total of
14 points on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen. Given that a perfect score is 21 points, what
percentage did the athlete score on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen?
Solution: To find the percentage score of the athlete on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen,
we use the formula:
Percentage = (Points earned / Total possible points) * 100
Plugging in the values: Percentage = (14 / 21) * 100 Percentage = 0.6667 * 100 Percentage 66.67
Therefore, the athlete scored approximately 66.67
17. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual presents with a score
of 1 for poor breathing mechanics. If the maximum score for breathing mechanics is 3, what percentage
represents the individual’s score in this area?
Solution: To find the percentage score for breathing mechanics, we will use the formula: Percentage
score = (Individual’s score / Maximum score) * 100
Given that the individual’s score for breathing mechanics is 1 and the maximum score is 3: Percentage
score = (1 / 3) * 100 Percentage score = 0.333 * 100 Percentage score = 33.33
Therefore, the individual’s score for breathing mechanics during the Functional Movement Screening is
33.33
18. Question: What is the maximum possible score in the Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test?
Solution: The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test comprises seven fundamental movement
patterns that are scored on a scale of 0 to 3 points each. Therefore, the maximum possible score in the FMS
test is 21.
Final numerical answer: 21
19. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening (FMS) study evaluating athletes, an athlete scores 3
on the Deep Squat test, 2 on the Hurdle Step test, 3 on the In-Line Lunge test, 2 on the Shoulder Mobility
test, 2 on the Active Straight Leg Raise test, 1 on the Trunk Stability Push-Up test, and 3 on the Rotary
Stability test. Calculate the total FMS score for this athlete.
Solution: - Deep Squat Test: 3 - Hurdle Step Test: 2 - In-Line Lunge Test: 3 - Shoulder Mobility Test:
2 - Active Straight Leg Raise Test: 2 - Trunk Stability Push-Up Test: 1 - Rotary Stability Test: 3
To calculate the total FMS score for the athlete, we sum up the scores from each test:
Total FMS score = 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 Total FMS score = 16
Therefore, the total FMS score for this athlete is 16.
20. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant performs the Deep Squat
test. The participant’s chest is falling forward, and their heels are elevated off the ground. The assessor
assigns a score of 1 for this movement. How many points are deducted in total for this flawed Deep Squat
movement pattern?
Solution: In Functional Movement Screening, the Deep Squat test assesses the participant’s ability to
perform a deep squat with proper form. If the participant’s heels are elevated off the ground and the chest
is falling forward, it indicates a significant movement dysfunction. In this case, a score of 1 is assigned for
this flawed movement pattern.
According to the Functional Movement Screen scoring system: - If a score of 1 is assigned, a deduction
of 2 points is made for this movement pattern.
Therefore, in total, 2 points are deducted for the flawed Deep Squat movement pattern.
21. Question: In Functional Movement Screening, what is the maximum score an athlete can achieve
on the Deep Squat test?
Solution: The Deep Squat test in Functional Movement Screening evaluates an athlete’s ability to per-
form a fundamental movement pattern - the deep squat. This movement assesses bilateral symmetrical
mobility and stability of the hips, knees, and ankles. In this test, the athlete can score up to 3 points on each
side, totaling 6 points if both sides are perfect. The athlete can score as follows:
- 0 points: Painful movement or unable to perform the deep squat. - 1 point: Major compensations in
movement pattern. - 2 points: Moderate compensations in movement pattern. - 3 points: Perfect execution
of the deep squat.
Therefore, the maximum score an athlete can achieve on the Deep Squat test in Functional Movement
Screening is 6 points.
22. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual is assessed on their trunk
stability push-up test where they perform 10 repetitions. The assessor notes that the individual’s technique
scores are as follows: 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, and 3. What is the total score for the trunk stability push-up
test?
Solution: To find the total score for the trunk stability push-up test, we sum up all the individual tech-
nique scores.
Totalscore=2+2+1+3+2+1+2+3+2+3Totalscore=21
Therefore, the total score for the trunk stability push-up test is 21.
23. Question: In a study assessing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols, an
individual was assessed by two different raters on the same day with a 7-day interval between assessments.
The individual scored 15 on the first assessment and 16 on the second assessment. Calculate the Intraclass
Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the FMS scores.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the two FMS scores. Mean = (15 + 16) / 2 = 31 / 2 = 15.5
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each score and the mean. SS = (15 -
15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SS = (−0.5)2+ (0.5)2SS = 0.25 + 0.25SS = 0.5
Step 3: Calculate the total sum of squares. SStotal = (15 −15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SStotal = 0.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC using the formula: ICC = (SScorrelated)/(SScorrelated+SSerror)ICC =
(SStotal −SSerror)/(SStotal +SSerror)
Step 5: Since we have a 1-way random effects model, the formula becomes: ICC = (MSbetween −
MSwithin)/(MSbetween + (k−1) ∗MSwithin +k∗M Serror)
Step 6: Calculate the degrees of freedom for each component: dofbetween = 1dofwithin =n−1 =
2−1=1doferror =n(k−1) = 2(2 −1) = 2
Step 7: Calculate the mean square values: MSbetween =SSbetween/dofbetween = 0/1=0MSwithin =
SSwithin/dofwithin = 0.5/1=0.5MSerror =SSerror/doferror
Step 8: Substitute the values into the ICC formula: ICC = (0 - 0.5) / (0 + 1 * 0.5 + 2 * MSerror)ICC =
−0.5/(1 + 0.5+2∗MSerror)
Since we don’t have the value of MSerrorgiveninthisquestion, wecan′tcalculatetheICCwithoutthisinformation.
24. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS)
protocols, three assessors independently scored a participant’s movement patterns using the FMS scoring
criteria. The total scores assigned by each assessor to the same participant were as follows: Assessor 1: 17
Assessor 2: 16 Assessor 3: 18
Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient to determine the inter-rater reliability of the FMS protocols in
this study.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the proportion of agreements (Pa) between the assessors. Pa = (Number of
total agreements) / (Number of total possible agreements) Pa = [(number of assessors * number of assessors’
possible scores) - number of assessors] / [((number of assessors) * (number of assessors - 1))]
Pa=[(3*3)-3]/[(3*2)]=6/6=1
Step 2: Calculate the proportion of observed agreements (Po) among assessors. Po = (Pr) / n Pr = 1/(3-1)
* (Pa) Pr = 1/2 * 1 = 0.5
Po = 0.5 / 3 = 0.1667
Step 3: Calculate the proportion of agreement expected by chance (Pe). Pe = (q2
i)whereqiistheproportionofassessorsgivingscorei.Here, q1=
1/3, q2= 1/3, andq3= 1/3.
Pe = (1/3)2+ (1/3)2+ (1/3)2= 1/9+1/9+1/9=1/3
Step 4: Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient. Kappa = (Po - Pe) / (1 - Pe) Kappa = (0.1667 - 0.3333)
/ (1 - 0.3333) Kappa = -0.1666 / 0.6667 = -0.2499
Therefore, the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient for the FMS protocols in this study is approximately -0.2499.
25. Question: In a study analyzing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols
in predicting injury risk, a sample of 50 athletes were assessed using the FMS tool. The inter-rater reliability
coefficient (ICC) for these assessments was calculated to be 0.85. If the total possible score on the FMS tool
is 21 points, how many of these points can be attributed to reliable measurements?
Solution: Inter-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is a measure of reliability ranging from 0 to 1, with
1 indicating perfect reliability. Given ICC = 0.85, this means that 85
To find the reliable portion of the measurements: Reliable Measurement = ICC x Total Possible Score
Reliable Measurement = 0.85 x 21 Reliable Measurement = 17.85
Therefore, 17.85 points on the FMS tool can be attributed to reliable measurements in predicting injury
risk.
Plugging in the values:
z=(30 −20)
5=10
5= 2
Therefore, the z-score for the new participant who can maintain the one-legged stance for 30 seconds is
2.
5. Question: In a study assessing inter-rater reliability for Functional Movement Screening, three raters
independently scored the same participant’s deep squat movement pattern out of a total possible score of 21.
Rater 1 scored 18, Rater 2 scored 19, and Rater 3 scored 17. Calculate the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
(ICC) for this inter-rater reliability scenario.
Solution: 1. Calculate the mean of the scores: Mean score = (18 + 19 + 17) / 3 Mean score = 54 / 3
Mean score = 18
2. Calculate the sum of squares of differences within raters (SSwithin) : SSwithin = (18 −18)2+
(19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSwithin = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSwithin = 0 + 1 + 1SSwithin = 2
3. Calculate the sum of squares of differences between raters (SSbetween) : SSbetween = (18 −
18)2+ (19 −18)2+ (17 −18)2SSbetween = 02+ 12+ (−1)2SSbetween = 0 + 1 + 1SSbetween = 2
4. Calculate the Total Sum of Squares (SStotal) : SStotal =SSwithin +SSbetweenSStotal =
2+2SStotal = 4
5. Calculate the Mean Square Errors (MSE): MSE = SSwithin/(n∗(k−1))M SE = 2/(3 ∗(3 −
1))MSE = 2/6MSE = 0.3333
6. Calculate the ICC: ICC = (MSbetween−MSE)/(MSbetween+(k−1)∗MSE)Sincethereare3raters, k =
3
MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1)MSbetween = 2/(3 −1)MSbetween = 2/2M Sbetween = 1
ICC = (1 - 0.3333) / (1 + 2*0.3333) ICC = 0.6667 / 1.6666 ICC 0.4
Therefore, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the inter-rater reliability in this scenario is
approximately 0.4.
6. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores in a
group of 50 athletes, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the total FMS score was found to be
0.87. What is the interpretation of this ICC value?
Solution: To interpret the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value in the context of reliability
analysis, we can classify it as follows:
- ICC < 0.5: Poor reliability - 0.5 ICC < 0.75: Moderate reliability - 0.75 ICC < 0.9: Good reliability -
ICC 0.9: Excellent reliability
Given that the ICC value for the total FMS score in this study of 50 athletes is 0.87, this value falls within
the range of 0.75 ICC < 0.9, indicating a good reliability of the FMS scores in assessing functional move-
ment patterns in these athletes. This suggests that the FMS tool is consistent and dependable in evaluating
functional movement patterns in this group of individuals.
7. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, a participant demonstrated compen-
satory movement patterns in the squat assessment, resulting in a modified score of 1.5. If the perfect score
for the squat assessment is 3, what percentage of the ideal movement pattern did the participant exhibit?
Solution: To calculate the percentage of the ideal movement pattern exhibited by the participant during
the squat assessment, you can use the following formula:
Percentage = (Participant’s Score / Perfect Score) * 100
Given that the participant’s modified score is 1.5 and the perfect score is 3, we can substitute the values
into the formula:
Percentage = (1.5 / 3) * 100 Percentage = 0.5 * 100 Percentage = 50
Therefore, the participant exhibited 50
8. Question: In a study comparing qualitative and quantitative assessments in Functional Movement
Screening, 50 participants were evaluated using both methods. The quantitative assessment scored an aver-
age of 18.5 out of 21 points for each participant, while the qualitative assessment classified 30 participants
as having poor movement patterns. What percentage of participants had poor movement patterns according
to the qualitative assessment?
Solution: Total participants evaluated = 50
Number of participants classified as poor movers according to qualitative assessment = 30
Percentage of participants classified as poor movers = (Number of poor movers / Total participants) x
100= (30 / 50) x 100= 0.6 x 100= 60
Therefore, 60
9. Question: In a study utilizing a motion capture system for Functional Movement Screening and
Analysis, a subject performed five different functional movements. The system recorded an average of 15
degrees of hip flexion during a squat assessment. What is the total range of motion (in degrees) if the
subject’s hip extension during the same squat assessment was measured to be 25 degrees?
Solution: The total range of motion for the hip during the squat assessment can be calculated by adding
the degrees of hip flexion and hip extension. Given: Average hip flexion = 15 degrees Hip extension = 25
degrees
Total range of motion = Hip flexion + Hip extension Total range of motion = 15 degrees + 25 degrees
Total range of motion = 40 degrees
Therefore, the total range of motion for the subject’s hip during the squat assessment is 40 degrees.
10. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis session, a participant scores 2 on
the Overhead Squat assessment due to an inability to maintain the torso in alignment with the lower body.
How many points would be deducted from the total score for this specific movement pattern?
Solution: The Overhead Squat assessment in Functional Movement Screening and Analysis deducts a
total of 3 points for deviations such as torso alignment issues. Since the participant scored 2 due to the
inability to maintain torso alignment, 3 points (maximum deduction) would be subtracted from the total
score.
Final numerical answer: 3 points.
11. Question: In a study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 8 upper body movements were recorded for each participant. If there were 15 participants
in the study, how many total upper body movements were recorded in the study?
Solution: To find the total number of upper body movements recorded in the study, we need to multiply
the number of movements recorded per participant by the total number of participants.
Number of upper body movements recorded per participant = 8 Total number of participants = 15
Total number of upper body movements = Number of movements per participant x Total number of
participants Total number of upper body movements = 8 x 15 Total number of upper body movements = 120
Therefore, in the study using motion capture technology to analyze functional movement patterns in
athletes, a total of 120 upper body movements were recorded.
12. Question: In a study evaluating the reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tool,
20 participants were assessed twice within a one-week interval. The mean score for the first assessment
was 16.5, with a standard deviation of 2.1, and the mean score for the second assessment was 17.3, with a
standard deviation of 2.4. Calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the reliability
of the FMS tool in this study.
Solution: ICC can be calculated using the formula: ICC = (Between Subject Variance) / (Between
Subject Variance + Within Subject Variance)
First, we need to calculate the Between Subject Variance: BSV = ( individuals’ means - grand mean)2/totalnumberofassessmentsBSV =
[((16.5 + 17.3)/2−(16.5 + 17.3)/2)2]/20BSV = (16.9−16.9)2/20BSV = 0
Next, we calculate the Within Subject Variance: WSV = (2−2
B)/kwhere2=Averageoftheindividual′svariances,2
B=
GrandV ariance, andk =Numberofassessments2= [(2.12+2.42)/2] = (4.41+5.76)/2=5.0852
B=
(individuals′overallscores−grandmean)2/totalnumberofassessments2
B= [((16.5−16.9)2+(17.3−
16.9)2)/20] = (0.16 + 0.16)/20 = 0.016W SV = (5.085 −0.016)/2=5.069/2=2.535
Now we calculate the ICC: ICC = 0 / (0 + 2.535) = 0 / 2.535 = 0
Therefore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the reliability of the Functional Movement
Screen (FMS) tool in this study is 0, indicating low reliability.
13. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
tool, two independent raters evaluated a group of 25 participants’ movement patterns. Rater 1 scored an av-
erage of 17.4 points per participant, while Rater 2 scored an average of 16.8 points per participant. Calculate
the inter-rater reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) formula for absolute agreement.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the total scores from both raters. Total mean = (Rater 1 mean +
Rater 2 mean) / 2 Total mean = (17.4 + 16.8) / 2 Total mean = 17.1
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each rater’s scores and the total mean.
SSbetween = 25 ∗[(17.4−17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSbetween = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSbetween =
25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSbetween = 25 ∗0.18SSbetween = 4.5
Step 3: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences within raters. SSwithin = 25 ∗[(17.4−
17.1)2+ (16.8−17.1)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.3)2+ (−0.3)2]SSwithin = 25 ∗[(0.09 + 0.09)]SSwithin =
25 ∗0.18SSwithin = 4.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC for absolute agreement. ICC = (MSbetween −MSwithin)/(M Sbetween +
(k−1) ∗MSwithin)MSbetween =SSbetween/(k−1) = 4.5/1=4.5MSwithin =SSwithin/(N∗
k)=4.5/(25 ∗2) = 0.09
ICC = (4.5 - 0.09) / (4.5 + 0.09) ICC = 4.41 / 4.59 ICC 0.96
Therefore, the inter-rater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen tool in this study is approxi-
mately 0.96, indicating high agreement between the two raters in assessing movement patterns.
14. Question: Using a pressure plate technology during Functional Movement Screening, an athlete
performs a single-leg squat and generates a peak force of 350 N. If the athlete’s body weight is 70 kg, what
is the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio in N/kg?
Solution: To calculate the peak force-to-body weight ratio, we need to divide the peak force generated
by the athlete by the athlete’s body weight.
Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = Peak Force / Body Weight
Given: Peak Force = 350 N Body Weight = 70 kg
Convert the athlete’s body weight from kg to N using the acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.81 m/s2) :
BodyW eight = 70kg ∗9.81m/s2BodyW eight = 686.7N
Now, calculate the Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio: Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio = 350 N / 686.7
N Peak Force-to-Body Weight Ratio 0.51 N/kg
Therefore, the athlete’s peak force-to-body weight ratio during the single-leg squat using the pressure
plate technology is approximately 0.51 N/kg.
15. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant receives a score of 1 for a
movement pattern that is performed perfectly, a score of 2 for a movement pattern with slight compensations,
and a score of 3 for a movement pattern that is performed with noticeable dysfunction. If a participant scores
a total of 14 points across seven movement patterns, what would be their average score per movement
pattern?
Solution: To find the average score per movement pattern, we need to divide the total score by the
number of movement patterns assessed.
Total score = 14 Number of movement patterns = 7
Average score per movement pattern = Total score / Number of movement patterns Average score per
movement pattern = 14 / 7 Average score per movement pattern = 2
Therefore, the average score per movement pattern for this participant is 2.
16. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening and Analysis Study, an athlete scored a total of
14 points on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen. Given that a perfect score is 21 points, what
percentage did the athlete score on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen?
Solution: To find the percentage score of the athlete on the Lower Body Functional Movement Screen,
we use the formula:
Percentage = (Points earned / Total possible points) * 100
Plugging in the values: Percentage = (14 / 21) * 100 Percentage = 0.6667 * 100 Percentage 66.67
Therefore, the athlete scored approximately 66.67
17. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual presents with a score
of 1 for poor breathing mechanics. If the maximum score for breathing mechanics is 3, what percentage
represents the individual’s score in this area?
Solution: To find the percentage score for breathing mechanics, we will use the formula: Percentage
score = (Individual’s score / Maximum score) * 100
Given that the individual’s score for breathing mechanics is 1 and the maximum score is 3: Percentage
score = (1 / 3) * 100 Percentage score = 0.333 * 100 Percentage score = 33.33
Therefore, the individual’s score for breathing mechanics during the Functional Movement Screening is
33.33
18. Question: What is the maximum possible score in the Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test?
Solution: The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test comprises seven fundamental movement
patterns that are scored on a scale of 0 to 3 points each. Therefore, the maximum possible score in the FMS
test is 21.
Final numerical answer: 21
19. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening (FMS) study evaluating athletes, an athlete scores 3
on the Deep Squat test, 2 on the Hurdle Step test, 3 on the In-Line Lunge test, 2 on the Shoulder Mobility
test, 2 on the Active Straight Leg Raise test, 1 on the Trunk Stability Push-Up test, and 3 on the Rotary
Stability test. Calculate the total FMS score for this athlete.
Solution: - Deep Squat Test: 3 - Hurdle Step Test: 2 - In-Line Lunge Test: 3 - Shoulder Mobility Test:
2 - Active Straight Leg Raise Test: 2 - Trunk Stability Push-Up Test: 1 - Rotary Stability Test: 3
To calculate the total FMS score for the athlete, we sum up the scores from each test:
Total FMS score = 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 Total FMS score = 16
Therefore, the total FMS score for this athlete is 16.
20. Question: In a Functional Movement Screening assessment, a participant performs the Deep Squat
test. The participant’s chest is falling forward, and their heels are elevated off the ground. The assessor
assigns a score of 1 for this movement. How many points are deducted in total for this flawed Deep Squat
movement pattern?
Solution: In Functional Movement Screening, the Deep Squat test assesses the participant’s ability to
perform a deep squat with proper form. If the participant’s heels are elevated off the ground and the chest
is falling forward, it indicates a significant movement dysfunction. In this case, a score of 1 is assigned for
this flawed movement pattern.
According to the Functional Movement Screen scoring system: - If a score of 1 is assigned, a deduction
of 2 points is made for this movement pattern.
Therefore, in total, 2 points are deducted for the flawed Deep Squat movement pattern.
21. Question: In Functional Movement Screening, what is the maximum score an athlete can achieve
on the Deep Squat test?
Solution: The Deep Squat test in Functional Movement Screening evaluates an athlete’s ability to per-
form a fundamental movement pattern - the deep squat. This movement assesses bilateral symmetrical
mobility and stability of the hips, knees, and ankles. In this test, the athlete can score up to 3 points on each
side, totaling 6 points if both sides are perfect. The athlete can score as follows:
- 0 points: Painful movement or unable to perform the deep squat. - 1 point: Major compensations in
movement pattern. - 2 points: Moderate compensations in movement pattern. - 3 points: Perfect execution
of the deep squat.
Therefore, the maximum score an athlete can achieve on the Deep Squat test in Functional Movement
Screening is 6 points.
22. Question: During a Functional Movement Screening session, an individual is assessed on their trunk
stability push-up test where they perform 10 repetitions. The assessor notes that the individual’s technique
scores are as follows: 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, and 3. What is the total score for the trunk stability push-up
test?
Solution: To find the total score for the trunk stability push-up test, we sum up all the individual tech-
nique scores.
Totalscore=2+2+1+3+2+1+2+3+2+3Totalscore=21
Therefore, the total score for the trunk stability push-up test is 21.
23. Question: In a study assessing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols, an
individual was assessed by two different raters on the same day with a 7-day interval between assessments.
The individual scored 15 on the first assessment and 16 on the second assessment. Calculate the Intraclass
Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the FMS scores.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the mean of the two FMS scores. Mean = (15 + 16) / 2 = 31 / 2 = 15.5
Step 2: Calculate the sum of squares of the differences between each score and the mean. SS = (15 -
15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SS = (−0.5)2+ (0.5)2SS = 0.25 + 0.25SS = 0.5
Step 3: Calculate the total sum of squares. SStotal = (15 −15.5)2+ (16 −15.5)2SStotal = 0.5
Step 4: Calculate the ICC using the formula: ICC = (SScorrelated)/(SScorrelated+SSerror)ICC =
(SStotal −SSerror)/(SStotal +SSerror)
Step 5: Since we have a 1-way random effects model, the formula becomes: ICC = (MSbetween −
MSwithin)/(MSbetween + (k−1) ∗MSwithin +k∗M Serror)
Step 6: Calculate the degrees of freedom for each component: dofbetween = 1dofwithin =n−1 =
2−1=1doferror =n(k−1) = 2(2 −1) = 2
Step 7: Calculate the mean square values: MSbetween =SSbetween/dofbetween = 0/1=0MSwithin =
SSwithin/dofwithin = 0.5/1=0.5MSerror =SSerror/doferror
Step 8: Substitute the values into the ICC formula: ICC = (0 - 0.5) / (0 + 1 * 0.5 + 2 * MSerror)ICC =
−0.5/(1 + 0.5+2∗MSerror)
Since we don’t have the value of MSerrorgiveninthisquestion, wecan′tcalculatetheICCwithoutthisinformation.
24. Question: In a study assessing the inter-rater reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS)
protocols, three assessors independently scored a participant’s movement patterns using the FMS scoring
criteria. The total scores assigned by each assessor to the same participant were as follows: Assessor 1: 17
Assessor 2: 16 Assessor 3: 18
Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient to determine the inter-rater reliability of the FMS protocols in
this study.
Solution: Step 1: Calculate the proportion of agreements (Pa) between the assessors. Pa = (Number of
total agreements) / (Number of total possible agreements) Pa = [(number of assessors * number of assessors’
possible scores) - number of assessors] / [((number of assessors) * (number of assessors - 1))]
Pa=[(3*3)-3]/[(3*2)]=6/6=1
Step 2: Calculate the proportion of observed agreements (Po) among assessors. Po = (Pr) / n Pr = 1/(3-1)
* (Pa) Pr = 1/2 * 1 = 0.5
Po = 0.5 / 3 = 0.1667
Step 3: Calculate the proportion of agreement expected by chance (Pe). Pe = (q2
i)whereqiistheproportionofassessorsgivingscorei.Here, q1=
1/3, q2= 1/3, andq3= 1/3.
Pe = (1/3)2+ (1/3)2+ (1/3)2= 1/9+1/9+1/9=1/3
Step 4: Calculate the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient. Kappa = (Po - Pe) / (1 - Pe) Kappa = (0.1667 - 0.3333)
/ (1 - 0.3333) Kappa = -0.1666 / 0.6667 = -0.2499
Therefore, the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient for the FMS protocols in this study is approximately -0.2499.
25. Question: In a study analyzing the reliability of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) protocols
in predicting injury risk, a sample of 50 athletes were assessed using the FMS tool. The inter-rater reliability
coefficient (ICC) for these assessments was calculated to be 0.85. If the total possible score on the FMS tool
is 21 points, how many of these points can be attributed to reliable measurements?
Solution: Inter-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is a measure of reliability ranging from 0 to 1, with
1 indicating perfect reliability. Given ICC = 0.85, this means that 85
To find the reliable portion of the measurements: Reliable Measurement = ICC x Total Possible Score
Reliable Measurement = 0.85 x 21 Reliable Measurement = 17.85
Therefore, 17.85 points on the FMS tool can be attributed to reliable measurements in predicting injury
risk.
