WPC 480_ASU_ASSIGNMENT_2024_LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE OPTIMIZATION OF PUBLIC GREEN SPACES IN PURWOKERTO CITY PARK

LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE

OPTIMIZATION OF PUBLIC GREEN SPACES IN PURWOKERTO

CITY PARK

Introduction:

Purwokerto City is the capital city and non-autonomous region which is the center of

government in the Banyumas Regency area as well as many economic activities. According

to BPS data in 2022, Purwokerto has an area of about 38.58 km². In addition, the future

population continues to increase accompanied by infrastructure development, both facilities,

infrastructure, and housing. The infrastructure development is often at the expense of Green

Open Space (RTH) (Humam et al. 2020). RTH is a grouped / striped and / or elongated area,

the use of which is more open in nature, both naturally growing and deliberately planted in a

place to grow. There is an RTH provision of 30%, namely public RTH (20%) and private

RTH (10%) (Permen PU No.5/2008). Based on the Banyumas Regency Environmental

Agency (DLH) (2021), which refers to the 2018-2023 Renstra of the DLH of Banyumas

Regency, in the last 1 year, namely in 2022, the target that must be achieved is 7.99% or

about 10.26% or 349.31 ha of public green space has been achieved.

One type of public green space developed is the city park. The existence of urban

parks is an important place for the community because it can be used for gathering and

recreation. In addition, city parks also function as a means to maintain and improve the

mental and physical health of visitors and the surrounding community (Gómez-Baggethun &

Barton 2013). Based on the RTH development program of DLH Banyumas Regency in 2021-

2025, in 2021-2022, in addition to efforts to build a city park in Taman Mas Apung

Kemambang, there are also improvements in the condition of city parks including Satria

Berkoh Park, Ahmad Yani Literacy Park, and Purwokerto Square. However, the development

of the city park has not been able to guarantee the quality of a good city park. This evaluation

is essential to identify barriers and potential improvements needed to ensure an optimal city

park landscape and the need to evaluate the condition of the city park so that it complies with

applicable rules and policies.

The evaluation of urban park landscape management considers three main aspects,

namely maintenance, softscape elements, and hardscape elements. The maintenance aspect

includes organization, manpower, budget, management schedule, equipment, and materials

used. The evaluation of softscape elements focuses on the extent to which the plants in the

urban park conform to the predetermined assessment criteria. Meanwhile, the hardscape

element involves assessing the availability and condition of physical facilities within the

park. This analysis also takes into account the perceptions and preferences of urban park

visitors who directly experience the quality of the park environment. Similarly, the

perceptions and preferences of stakeholders that include various parties are important to

assess the overall condition of public green spaces in Purwokerto City. In addition,

stakeholder analysis can identify their level of influence and importance in supporting public

green space management. The results of the analysis are used to formulate recommendations

for landscape management of public green spaces in urban parks that are optimal and

sustainable.

Green Open Space:

RTH is a green infrastructure that uses space (space) containing plants, which consists

of settlements, cities and office green spaces (Benedict & McMahon 2006). Part of the space

in urban areas contains plants, plants and vegetation (introduced or endemic) that have a role

to support socio-cultural, ecological, and architectural functions that have an impact on

improving the welfare of the people in the urban area (Dwiyanto 2009). The types of public

and private green spaces can be seen (Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number:

05/PRT/M/2008) in Table 1. Public RTH is RTH managed by the city/regency government

that is utilized for the benefit of the community in general. Meanwhile, private RTH is RTH

owned by certain institutions that are utilized for limited circles such as the yard of a

house/building or a garden owned by the private sector/sub-district that is planted with plants.

RTH functions consist of intrinsic (ecological) and extrinsic (social and cultural,

economic and aesthetic) functions (Permen Pu No.5/2008).

(1) Ecological function, as the lungs of the city/ part of air circulation, microclimate

regulator, as shade, rainwater absorber, oxygen producer, animal habitat provider, and

so on.

(2) Social and cultural functions, become a medium of communication for city residents,

illustrate local cultural expressions, recreation places, containers and objects of

Research, Education, and training to study nature.

(3) Economic function, can be part of plantation, agriculture, forestry, and other

businesses.

(4) Aesthetic functions, bring out architectural beauty, stimulate the productivity and

creativity of city residents, beautify the city environment both on a micro and macro

scale, create a balanced and harmonious atmosphere between undeveloped and built-up

areas.

While the benefits of green spaces based on their functions consist of direct and

indirect benefits. Direct benefits are, forming comfort (fresh, cool, shady) and beauty and

getting materials to be utilized/sold (fruit, flowers, leaves, wood). While indirect benefits,

preservation of environmental functions in all existing flora and fauna content (biodiversity

or biological conservation), very effective for air purification, maintenance of groundwater

supplies. In addition, according to Hasni (2009), green spaces have edaphic, hydro-

orological, climatological, hygienic, educational, aesthetic, and socio-economic functions.

(1) Edaphic function, is a green space that serves as a place for animals and other

microorganisms to live. In fulfilling this function, the right type of tree must be

considered.

(2) Hydro-orological function, is a green space that serves to preserve the water soil.

(3) Climatological function, is the role of green spaces to improve and maintain the

quality of microclimate as a result of the process of plant respiration and

photosynthesis.

(4) Hygienic function, is the function of green spaces to improve air quality and the

environment and reduce pollutants.

(5) Educational function, is RTH for containers and sources of science and research.

(6) Aesthetic function, is RTH for components that can add to the beauty of the

environment.

(7) Socio-economic function, is RTH for various social activities and interaction

containers.

1.2 Provision of green space based on population:

RTH according to the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works No. 05/2008 which

regulates the Guidelines for the Provision and Utilization of RTH in Urban Areas is an

elongated area or path, as well as a group of RTH that has a more open nature and can be

used for plant growth, both naturally and through deliberately planted planting. RTH

1.3 Landscape Management

According to Ismail (2012), management is a series consisting of planning,

organizing, implementing, supervising, evaluating and controlling all organizational

resources in order to achieve predetermined organizational goals. Landscape management is

an integrated effort in maintaining, preserving, and utilizing the landscape in order to obtain

maximum benefits by striving for continuity of sustainability (Arifin & Arifin 2005). The

objectives of landscape management are to maintain existing landscapes, protect natural

resources, develop sustainable landscapes, achieve efficiency in landscape use, and reduce

the negative impacts of environmental degradation (Benson & Roe 2000). This relates to a

long-term integrated management approach. Integrated landscape management involves

various parties/stakeholders that aim to achieve a sustainable landscape (Denier et al. 2015).

Landscape maintenance consists of two categories, namely ideal maintenance and

physical maintenance (Arifin & Arifin 2005). Ideal maintenance refers to maintenance that

follows the original design and purpose with the aim of maintaining the design conditions. In

ideal maintenance, there is a schedule established for maintaining soft and hard elements, as

well as the use of local plants that facilitate replacement or replanting. On the other hand,

physical maintenance involves maintaining the beauty, beauty, comfort and safety of the

garden. Actions taken in physical maintenance include cleaning the garden, replacing

damaged or malfunctioning elements, watering plants, pulling weeds, pruning plants,

applying fertilizer, controlling pests and diseases, and replanting. In order to achieve

effectiveness in landscape maintenance, there are several principles that need to be

considered (Arifin & Arifin 2005):

1. Maintenance objectives and standards must be clearly defined t o achieve the desired

results.

2. Maintenance must be carried out efficiently, taking into account the factors of time,

labor, equipment, and materials available.

3. Maintenance should be carried out based on a logical plan to ensure regular operations.

4. Schedule work maintenance must be compiled with wisely and pay attention to the

correct priorities.

5. Prevention in maintenance should be the main focus to prevent damage or more serious

problems.

6. Maintenance managers must have a well-structured and coordinated organization.

7. Adequate financial resources must be available to support the established maintenance

program.

8. Sufficient manpower must be available to carry out maintenance functions.

9. The maintenance program should be designed with the protection of the natural

environment in mind.

10. Park maintenance managers should be responsible for the safety of the public and

maintenance operators.

11. Maintenance should be a major consideration in design and construction.

12. Maintenance operators should have responsibility for effective maintenance

management.

1.4 City Park as part of Public Green Space

Urban parks can be defined as a place with a natural environment surrounded by an

urban atmosphere (Razak et al. 2016). According to Ministerial Regulation No. 5/2008 on

Guidelines for the Provision and Utilization of Green Space in Urban Areas, parks can

function as green space equipped with sports and recreation facilities, as well as sports

complexes with a minimum requirement of 30% of its area as green space. All of these

facilities must be open to the public.

Urban parks have an important role in various aspects, such as education, research,

transitional places, and boundaries between buildings (Sukawi 2008). In addition, urban parks

also serve as a means to maintain and improve the mental and physical health of visitors and

the surrounding community (Gómez-Baggethun & Barton 2013). The existence of sports

facilities such as basketball courts, soccer fields, and areas for running, people can voluntarily

use these facilities for their preferred activities, which in turn has a positive impact on

physical health. In addition, city parks can be used as a place to meditate and relax in the

midst of a busy life. The cool atmosphere of urban parks often creates comfort for visitors

(Ellis & Schwartz 2016).

Urban parks play an important role in improving air quality by absorbing pollutant

gases through leaves and filtering airborne dust particles (Fantozzi et al. 2013). The leaves

also have the ability to reflect 5 to 30% of incoming solar radiation (Geiger et al. in Kim &

Coseo 2018). Turner, as cited by Xing & Brimblecombe (2018), states that vegetation in

urban parks has benefits such as reducing the use of air conditioning in buildings in the

summer, providing shade, maintaining air balance in cities, reducing noise, and creating small

ecosystems for animals. Vegetation also plays an important role in supporting the presence of

bird communities in urban parks, as seen in Purwokerto City Park with the presence of

several plant species such as Ficus benjamina and Tamarindus indica. Therefore, the total

number of trees, plant species, and percentage of tree canopy are important elements in the

assessment of urban parks (Kim & Coseo 2018). In accordance with Ministerial Regulation

No. 5/2008 on Guidelines for the Provision and Utilization of Green Space in Urban Areas,

the following are the vegetation criteria for urban parks:

a. Plants should be non-toxic, have no thorns, strong branches that do not break easily, and

roots that do not interfere with the foundation.

b. The plant canopy should provide sufficient shade and be compact, yet not too dark.

c. The height of the plants should vary, with the green color balanced with other color

variations.

d. The stature and crown shape of the plant should be visually pleasing enough.

e. Plant growth speed should be moderate.

f. The plants used should provide habitat for local plants as well as cultivated plants.

g. The type of plants used can be either annual or seasonal.

h. The plants are planted at half-tight spacing to provide optimal shade.

i. Plants must be resistant to pests and plant diseases.

j. Plants must have the ability to absorb and absorb air contaminants.

k. In an effort to support the presence of birds, the plants selected should be able to attract

birds.

1.5 Perceptions and Preferences

The perception process is within a person to provide an assessment of an object that

can be like or dislike, positive or negative and so on. Perception is a process of managing

information on the environment received by each individual that can produce previous

experiences (Sahbana 2017). In addition, perception in a place is often related to visuals that

are influenced by impressions on the sense of sight (Dhini et al. 2018).

According to Boedojo in Raudah (2018), the perception process begins with

information from the environment (Figure 2). Not all information is realized and accepted by

individuals, but is selected based on their value orientation and individual experience. The

shortcomings inherent in the information as well as the blurred parts, are completed by the

individual, either through thought or imagination and reason to obtain a meaningful whole.

All information that has been rounded into a whole is then given interpretation (meaning,

interpretation), among others, based on one's value orientation and personal experience. The

output of this whole process is appreciation. There is a dependency relationship between

selection, rounding and interpretation, but individual characteristics are derived from value

orientation and individual experience.

The perceptions and preferences of urban park visitors and public green space

stakeholders are something that is examined in this study. The assessment of city park

visitors is an important thing to note, because visitor perceptions are a factor that determines

the good or bad assessment of a landscape (Savitri 2019). Preferences such as attitudes and

preferences differ between individuals and their experiences. Perceptual assessments in parks

can be influenced by various factors such as gender, age, education, occupation, place of

residence (Mariski 2017).

Each type of stakeholder feels the same resource management problem, realizes that

they are interrelated to solve a problem, and jointly agrees on an action strategy to solve the

problem (Steins & Edwards in Raudah 2018), so it is necessary to know about the perceptions

of stakeholders in the RTH management activities carried out. Stakeholder perceptions are

one of the social aspects with important value to assessed in planning, development and

management in an area (Raudah 2018). The results of studies on perceptions and preferences

in a place can be used as a basis for planning and management processes in the long term

(Chapin & Knapp 2015; Syahadat et al. 2014; Williams 2014). According to Abello &

Bernaldez (1986), factors that influence people's preferences include age, gender, social level,

education level, and culture. Preferences are also influenced by the sense that an individual

has of connection to a place for a long time living in it. In other words, a person's preference

is also influenced by a sense of familiarity.

1.6 Level of Stakeholder Support

According to Hidayani & Warsono (2017), Stakeholders are people or groups whose

support is needed in the success of an organization. They can provide support in different

ways, depending on their authority and position in the group. Groups or individuals can be

said to be stakeholders if they have characteristics such as: having power, legitimacy and

interest in the company. There are three components of stakeholders involved in RTH

development, namely the government, the private sector and the community. According to

Suryani (2021), the level of stakeholder support is a form of assistance, both non-material

and material, which comes from groups and individuals outside the green alley manager who

can provide benefits in plant cultivation. The government has a role related to the availability

of green spaces through the making of a policy. According to the results of Hamrun &

Prianto's research (2017), the private sector can donate plant seeds and beautiful pots in the

RTH area.

Some of the roles that can be performed by the community in the provision of RTH,

among others: (1) the community, either individuals or groups that have knowledge and/or

expertise in spatial planning and RTH can form a RTH community; (2) strengthen and

develop cooperation in the mediation process between the government, the private sector, and

the community to develop RTH; (3) improve the ability to respond to a planning,

development and utilization of RTH through training, socialization and discussion in

community groups; (4) cooperate with the government to develop a complaint mechanism,

settlement of responses and conflicts from the government through mutually agreed channels,

and others (Permen PU No. 5/2008). In addition, the mass media can also act as a supervisor

of RTH development. The results of research by Hamrun & Prianto (2017) explain that the

role of mass media is important to socialize the benefits of RTH, because there are still

people who do not care about the existence of RTH. The contribution of the private sector,

communities, and legal entities in the provision of public green spaces can be in the form of

land provision, development and maintenance of green spaces.

According to the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works No. 05 of 2008, the

parties that can be involved for the provision of RTH, including groups, private, community

and non-governmental institutions or Legal Entities and other organizations that have an

important role and position to influence, compile, implement, supervise the utilization policy

of an urban space, among others: professional associations, DPR / DPRD, universities, donor

agencies and political parties.

3.1 Work Procedure

This research was conducted through several stages of research, (1) preparation, (2)

data collection, (3) data analysis. The preparation stage consisted of determining the research

location, title, preparing a research proposal, studying literature related to the research topic,

and consulting a supervisor. The data needed in this study were categorized based on

objectives, data types, data sources, and methods (Table 3). The data collection stage uses

primary and secondary data. Secondary data was obtained or collected by researchers from

BPS (Central Bureau of Statistics) of Banyumas Regency and publications of several

previous studies, books, websites and journals. Primary data was obtained directly from the

source such as field surveys, interviews with resource persons. The data analysis stage is the

process of processing data obtained from the aim of evaluating city park landscape

management, analyzing the perceptions and preferences of city park visitors, perceptions and

preferences of public RTH stakeholders, analyzing the influence and interests of

stakeholders, and analyzing city park landscape management strategies in Purwokerto City.

Analysis Stage

3.1.1 Landscape Management Evaluation

Evaluation of city park landscape management involves three main aspects:

management aspects, plant suitability, and availability and condition of city park facilities in

Purwokerto City. The analysis was conducted with qualitative descriptive analysis.

1) The landscape management aspect was evaluated through interviews with managers and

field workers. The type of data obtained consists of organization, manpower

requirements, tools and materials, management schedules, and cost budget requirements.

In accordance with the mid-term plan of the Banyumas Regency Environmental Agency

2018-2023, the goal to be achieved is to improve environmental quality by reducing the

impact of environmental damage.

2) The suitability of plants on trees was measured by 7 criteria using the Key Performance

Index (KPI) based on Minister of Public Works Regulation No. 5 of 2008 concerning

Guidelines for the Provision and Utilization of Green Space in Urban Areas (Table 4). At

this stage, KPI assessment was also conducted to give value to each criterion (Hidayat

2008).

3). The availability and condition of facilities began with the collection of all data obtained

from on-site research. It is then evaluated by comparing the data obtained with the

literature.

The final assessment category includes four categories, namely Category 1, not suitable, if

≤40% of the criteria are met Category 2, less suitable, if 41-60% of the criteria are met

Category 3, moderately suitable, if 61-80% of the criteria are met Category 4, suitable, if

≥81% of the criteria are met (Hidayat, 2008).

The KPI score is calculated by dividing the total score obtained from the sum of the

actual scores by the sum of the high scores, with each assessment value ranging from 1 to 4.

A rating of 1 indicates non-conformance to the standard, a rating of 2 signifies less

conformance, a rating of 3 indicates sufficient conformance to the standard, while a rating of

4 reflects full conformance to the standard.

Based on Table 4. Non-toxic criteria can be assessed in a way that is if it is not toxic

to humans. Then it does not make the surrounding plants die, is not dangerous if eaten by

animals, and does not irritate the skin. If all are met, it is given a value of 4, for values 3,2,1

adjusting the suitability assessment (Martuti et al. 2021). The thornless criterion adjusts the

physical condition of the plant and is given a value of 4 if it has thorns on the plant, otherwise

it is given a value of 1 if it does not have thorns on the plant (Felle 2018). The criteria for a

fairly shady but not too dark canopy can be assessed by looking at if sunlight can enter or

penetrate up to about 25% or less than 25% of the soil surface, then a score of 4 is given. If

sunlight can enter or penetrate about 25-50% of the soil surface, then score 3. If sunlight can

enter or penetrate about 50-75% of the soil surface, then score 2. Meanwhile, if sunlight can

enter or penetrate more than 75% of the soil surface, then score 1 (Mahendra 2009).

The criterion of being as inviting as possible to birds can be assessed by having

nectar, flowers, fruiting tree species, and an attractive trunk shape (Utami 2013). If all are

met, it is given a score of 4, for scores of 3,2,1 it adjusts the suitability assessment. The

criterion of being able to absorb and absorb air contaminants is assessed by having a dense

canopy, thin leaves, a large number of leaves, and a tight planting distance (Al-Hakim 2014).

If all are met, it is given a value of 4, for values 3,2,1, it adjusts the suitability assessment.

The criteria are annual or seasonal crops so most are rated as suitable (4) (Martuti et al.

2021). The rooting criteria do not interfere with the foundation, the assessment adjusts the

condition of the trees in the park by looking at the physical conditions that should not damage

the foundations of roads and buildings. So it is given a value of 4 if the conditions are good

and safe for the foundation, and a value of 3,2,1 adjusts the suitability assessment.

3.1.2 Analysis of Visitor Perceptions and Preferences for City Parks in Purwokerto City

Visitors to the city park were given a questionnaire related to the assessment of

perceptions and preferences for the quality of city park management with Likert scale answer

options 1-5. Determination of respondents using accidental sampling technique. Accidental

sampling is a sampling technique that happens to be in a place to be used as a sample, if the

person is suitable or suitable for the purpose in accordance with the research context as a data

source (Sugiyono 2013). The visitor sample amounted to 120 people taken from 4 city parks,

each city park was taken 30 respondents. This analysis uses the Chi-Square test. According to

Santoso (2002), this statistical method is used to determine whether there is a significant

relationship between the two variables.

3.1.3 Analysis of Stakeholder Perceptions and Preferences for Public Green Space in

Purwokerto City

In this analysis, stakeholders were given a questionnaire accompanied by interviews

related to responses/views regarding the current development of public green spaces in

Purwokerto City. Stakeholder selection is carried out using purposive sampling which

includes non-probabilita samples which are also known as informants. Purposive sampling is

a technique in determining research samples with certain considerations that aim to make the

data obtained more representative (Sugiyono 2013). Informants were selected based on the

stakeholder's relationship with public green spaces. Stakeholders selected as respondents

refer to pentahelix collaboration. The total number of stakeholder respondents was 8 people

from the government and non-government, namely Bappedalitbang of Banyumas Regency,

DLH of Banyumas Regency, Businessman (CV. Gemilang Karya Santosa), academics

(Lecturer in regional planning), community leaders (greening activists), volunteers (volunteer

coordinator BHV- Banyumas Humanity Volunteer), media (Suara Purwokerto). The

calculation method of this questionnaire uses the Likert scale formula (1-5) (Sugiyono 2013).

In order to get the interpretation results, the highest score (X) and the lowest score (Y) for the

assessment items must first be known:

y = highest Likert score x number of respondents

x = lowest Likert score x number of respondents ...................................................................................... (1)

3.4.3 Stakeholder Analysis in Supporting Public RTH Landscape Management in

Purwokerto City

Stakeholder analysis aims to determine the level of importance and influence of

stakeholders who support public green space management by the green space sector in

Purwokerto City. This support can be any assistance in the form of material or non-material,

which comes from groups or individuals who provide benefits in RTH. The stages of

stakeholder analysis include:

1. To identify stakeholder involvement, literature studies related to the problem formulation and

interviews were conducted. Before analyzing the influence and importance of stakeholders, it

is important to know the parties that may have an interest in this research. In this research,

there are four main components of stakeholders:

a. Government Group

Banyumas Regency Planning, Research and Development Agency (Bappedalitbang),

Banyumas Regency Environmental Agency (DLH).

b. Private Group

Businesses that have implemented CSR programs that have contributed to the

development of public green spaces in Purwokerto City.

c. Community Group

A community that actively participates in helping with urban greening.

d. Media

News media that have conveyed information related to Public Green Space in

Purwokerto City.

1. Creating a stakeholder table, stakeholders that are expected to be identified related to public

RTH management support activities in Purwokerto City include the Banyumas Regency

Planning, Research and Development Agency (Bappedalitbang), Banyumas Regency

Environmental Agency (DLH), BNI Bank, Community Leaders, Banyumas Humanity

Volunteer (BHV) Community, and Suara Purwokerto mass media. The stakeholder analysis

table is in Table 5.

1. Assessing the stakeholder's level of importance and level of influence, which is an

assessment related to stakeholder involvement in supporting management activities. The

importance of actors is assessed using a Likert scale between 1 and 5. The number

respectively indicates the value; 1 = very low; 2 = low; 3 = quite high/medium; 4 = high; and

5 = very high. The high indicator looks at how important each stakeholder's management

support is.

2. Analyzing the level of importance and influence of actors. The analysis is carried out by first

giving an assessment with a Likert scale. Table 6 and Table 7 show the Likert scale which

has predetermined criteria and scores.

3.4.4 Analysis of City Park Landscape Management Strategy in Purwokerto City

SWOT analysis based on landscape management evaluation, analysis of perceptions

and preferences of city park visitors, and analysis of stakeholder perceptions of public green

spaces, stakeholder analysis in supporting management of public green spaces in Purwokerto

City aims to formulate sustainable landscape management strategies. The results are used for

policy recommendations in managing city parks as part of public green spaces by considering

the needs of the community and paying attention to environmental aspects. According to

Rangkuti (2009), the results obtained from SWOT analysis can be used as a basis for

formulating a strategy and or carrying out actions.

Identification and Assessment of Internal and External Factors

Identification of internal and external factor assessments using a rating scale

consisting of the IFE and EFE Matrices (Figure 5). The Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE)

matrix is a strategy formulation tool in summarizing and evaluating the main strengths and

weaknesses in the functional areas of a business or organization, and provides a basis for

evaluating or identifying these relationships. The External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrix is

used as external factors of a business or company related to opportunities and threats with

importance (David 2012).

Internal Factor Evaluation

Seen in the figure above (Figure 5), the company's alternative strategy cells in the IE

matrix can in principle be grouped into main strategies, including:

1) Growth and build strategy, including cells I, II, and IV. The appropriate strategies to

implement are intensive strategies (market penetration, market development, and product

development), and integrative strategies (forward, backward, and horizontal integration).

2) The hold and maintain strategy is included in cells III, V, VII. Market penetration and

product development strategies are widely practiced.

3) Harvest or divest strategies are included in cells VI, VIII, and IX. Commonly used strategies

are divestment and liquidation strategies.

Determination of Strategy Alternatives

In providing an assessment of the weight of each internal and external factor,

weighting is carried out with a weighting form linked to the SWOT matrix (Table 8). In the

SWOT analysis, a SWOT matrix will be generated, where this matrix has 4 possible

alternative strategies, including:

•

SO, which is able to utilize all strengths to take advantage of all opportunities as much as

possible.

•

ST, which is a strategy to use the strengths possessed to overcome threats.

•

WO, which is a strategy implemented based on utilizing existing opportunities by minimizing

existing weaknesses.

•

WT, a strategy based on defensive activities and trying to minimize existing weaknesses and

avoid threats.

4.1.1 Geographical Conditions

Purwokerto is the capital city of Banyumas Regency with a total area of 3,858 ha.

Geographically, Purwokerto City is located at the coordinates of 7°26′S 109°14′E, and de

jure still under the government of Banyumas Regency and not an autonomous city but an

area where the center of Banyumas Regency government is located. Purwokerto has 4 sub-

districts with 27 villages. The sub-districts are North Purwokerto covering an area of 901 ha,

South Purwokerto covering an area of 1,375 ha, West Purwokerto covering an area of 740 ha,

and East Purwokerto covering an area of 842 ha.

4.1.2 Population

The population of Purwokerto City reached 231,765 people with a total male

population of 114,712 people and a female population of 117,053 people (Table 9).

4.1.3 City Landscaping System

The urban park system formed in Purwokerto City consists of several public green

space landscapes scattered in several areas of the city (Figure 6). Most of these public green

spaces are not connected on an organized or systematic path, but rather in their development

looking at the availability of local government assets, and depending on priorities such as

looking at environmental conditions and the needs of the local community. However, some

public green space landscapes are located near main roads so that they can be easily accessed.

The main structure of Purwokerto City pattern is characterized by the main line that

stretches from Jalan Sudirman connecting the western region of Purwokerto with the eastern

region. This line also passes through the center of Purwokerto city, so it becomes one of the

main lines that are important in population mobility and economic development of the city.

Public green space landscape in Purwokerto region can be seen in the Appendix

7. The city park area in Purwokerto is 65,649 ha. There are 97 types of public green spaces in

Purwokerto consisting of city parks, urban forests, office parks / official houses, parking lots,

educational parks, terminal area green spaces, road greenways, monument area green spaces,

road islands, road median parks, pedestrian paths (sidewalks), river borders, sports fields, and

green spaces for specific functions (RTH Waste Recycling Center).

The management of public green spaces is technically handed over to the units

directly involved in the area, especially related to green spaces which are mostly by DLH of

Banyumas Regency, except for tourist areas by the Banyumas Regency Youth, Sports,

Culture and Tourism Office (DINPORABUDPAR), residential areas by the kelurahan,

Banyumas Regency office park area and the official residence of the vice regent by the

general section of the Regional Secretariat (SEKDA) of Banyumas Regency, water resources

education park area by the Public Works Agency (DPU) of Banyumas Regency, road safety

education park area and terminal by the Transportation Agency (DINHUB) of Banyumas

Regency, railway line area by PT. KAI, and for Wijaya Kusuma Golf Course by Korem 071

Wijayakusuma.

Management by Banyumas Regency Environmental Agency

4.1.3.1 Organization Structure:

The Banyumas Regency Environmental Agency (DLH) was formed in accordance

with Regional Regulation Number 16 of 2016 concerning the Formation and Composition of

Regional Apparatus of Banyumas Regency, and Banyumas Regent Regulation Number 85 of

2020 concerning the Position, Organizational Structure, Duties and Functions and Work

Procedures of the Banyumas Regency Environmental Agency.

In carrying out the tasks as shown in the chart above, DLH Banyumas Regency

carries out functions such as formulation of technical policies, implementation, guidance and

/ or supervision, evaluation and reporting on the implementation of government affairs by the

Secretariat, the Waste Management sector, the Environmental Control sector, the RTH sector,

and the Environmental Management sector which are regional authorities and assistance tasks

assigned to the regency and the implementation of other functions assigned by the leadership

in accordance with their duties and functions.

4.1.3.2 Program Plan of Banyumas Regency Environmental Service Banyumas Regency

Environmental Service Program Plan of Banyumas Regency Environmental Service in Year

2018-2023 are as follows:

1. Environmental Pollution and/or Damage Control Program

2. Control of Hazardous and Toxic Materials (B3) and Hazardous and Toxic Waste (B3

Waste) Program

3. Local Government Affairs Support Program, with a target percentage of conformity of

planning, budgeting and performance evaluation documents of regional apparatus

4. Environmental Planning Program

5. Program to Improve Environmental Education, Training and Counseling for the

Community

6. Environmental Pollution and/or Damage Control Program

7. Development and Supervision Program for Environmental Permits and Environmental

Protection and Management Permits (PPLH)

8. Environmental Complaint Handling Program

9. Hazardous and Toxic Substances (B3) and Hazardous and Toxic Waste (B3) Control

Program

10. Biodiversity Management Program (KEHATI)

Biodiversity Program (KEHATI) with a target percentage of public green spaces until

2023 can reach 8.28%, District / City Biodiversity management activities; including (1)

Management of Facilities and Infrastructure and (2) Green Space Management. The existing

goal is to improve the quality of the environment in RTH, the targets and strategies are to

increase the percentage of RTH and improve RTH management. While the direction of the

policy is to increase the planning, development and maintenance of public green spaces with

the source of funds in PAD (Regional Original Revenue).

4.1.4 Private Management

The rationale underlying the management of urban parks is done by the private sector:

1. Permen ATR KBPN Number 14 of 2022 concerning the Provision and Utilization of RTH,

namely funding in the provision and utilization of RTH can be obtained from various legal

funding sources in accordance with statutory regulations including by the private sector in the

form of grants or Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), green waqf in planning, designing,

building, maintaining, and improving the quality and quantity of RTH on the plot.

2. Permen PU No.5/2008 refers to the principle of public participation for the provision and

management of green spaces in urban areas. The private sector can participate in providing

and managing green spaces either independently or in cooperation with the community and

government. In addition, the government can provide incentives for the private sector to

participate in the provision and management of green spaces in urban areas.

3. The increasing need for public services for the community, on the other hand, there is a

limited ability of the management apparatus in the field of open space development.

Based on the above considerations, the form of landscaping management carried out

is:

1. The city government, especially DLH Banyumas Regency, offers private parties CSR

assistance such as trees and infrastructure (sarpras).

2. The private sector can assist in the development of green areas whose designs are designed

by DLH, so that if they take part, they can function as business activities such as advertising,

photo studios, and the like.

An example of a form of cooperation that has been carried out:

1. Tree donations are available every year, as is usually the case during the events of Indonesian

Tree Planting Day (HMPI) on November 28 and National Tree Planting Month (BMPN) in

December.

2. Infrastructure assistance for green spaces such as trash bins, garbage carts, potted plants in

city parks.

3. In 2022, there were a total of 500 trees planted along the road, a form of assistance from the

private sector in the framework of the peak of the "Lets Go Green" themed 10th celebration

organized by PT Indocipta Sukses Makmur which houses the Graha Permata Group Housing

in East Purwokerto. The remaining 250 were planted in East Purwokerto and spread

throughout Banyumas Regency. The types of trees planted were Tabebuya with yellow and

pink flowers. There are also yellow Temon and Nusa Indah shrubs.

The participation of the private sector is a form of concern for greening in urban areas.

However, there has never been a contribution related to supporting their business activities

such as advertising, because so far there has been no contribution in the development of

Public Green Space.

4.1.5 Community Participation

The efforts made by the local government are not entirely successful without the role

of citizens to protect their environment. Community participation is usually through

participation in tree planting events. In addition, DLH Banyumas Regency collaborates with

third parties, such as CSR assistance from the private sector and volunteers usually also

volunteer to provide tree assistance. The tree planting is usually participated by students,

nature lovers and green community volunteers such as Banyumas Humanity Volunteer

(BHV), Indonesia Hijau, and others.

Purwokerto residents' concern for the improvement of RTH can be seen from the

better community participation in greening the urban environment and the neighborhood. As

during World E n vi r o n m e n t Day on June 5, 2022 initiated by DLH Banyumas Regency

there was a joint tree planting on Jalan Bung Karno or Purwokerto new road especially

around the Purwokerto Lotus View Tower and around 1000 trees in various types of plants

were planted and involved enthusiastic citizens such as hundreds of cyclists, OPD heads and

environmental volunteers including scouts. Then, on November 28, 2022 DLH Banyumas

Regency celebrated HMPI in the Berkoh city forest of West Purwokerto involving donors

and green communities with the theme of small steps for shady Indonesia, trees planted such

as shade trees and productive trees.

And now there is a tendency for residents in urban villages to submit proposals to

musrembang to create green spaces for parks or fields in their areas, such as in Tanjung and

Bobosan villages. This proves that the community feels a positive impact on green spaces.

For example, in Mersi field, DLH of Banyumas Regency improved the condition of the

unkempt park by painting, lighting, and repairing the park fence, which resulted in many

street vendors selling their wares and people visiting. This also increases the economic and

social functions of the park sellers and the enthusiasm of citizens. Therefore, reforestation is

not only the task of the Department, but citizens must take part in it.

4.1.4 City Parks in Purwokerto observed

The program plan, activities and performance indicators of the Banyumas Regency

Environmental Service for 2018-2023, starting from 2021-2023, the Banyumas Regency

Environmental Service (DLH) in the last year of 2022 set a target of 7.99% and has achieved

10.26% for the development of public green spaces (Banyumas Regency Environmental

Service, 2021). The development of city parks as an important place for the community can

be evaluated properly. Referring to the city park development program in 2021-2025, there is

the construction and development of existing city parks (Appendix 4).

1. Taman Mas Apung Kemambang is one of the city parks built in 2021 covering an area of

34,400 m². Taman Mas Apung Kemambang was previously named Taman Balai Kemambang

which was built in 2019 and was closed in 2020. Then it began to reopen in 2022 with an

increase in area from 1.1 Ha to 3.4 Ha. accompanied by the addition of tourist objects, the

tariff to enter the park is IDR 10,000. The construction of the park is also directly one of the

efforts to achieve the target to increase the presence of public green spaces in Purwokerto

City.

2. Satria Berkoh Park (13,002 m²) in 2022, there is an increase in landscape maintenance such

as pruning large trees on dangling branches so that lighting enters the park better, in addition

to the construction of footpaths and additional lights in the park.

3. Alun-alun Purwokerto (13,140 m²) in 2021, there are changes in the arrangement of park

conditions, the existing conditions are maintained in addition to changes in the widening of

pedestrians to the east and west about 6 meters, as well as adding plants, lights and seating.

The arrangement of the square aims to increase comfort for the community so that it becomes

a comfortable public space and can be used as a place to interact.

4. Ahmad Yani Literacy Park (1,828 m²) in 2022, the development of RTH Ahmad Yani Park

is more conceptualized as Ahmad Yani Literacy Park with literacy nuances with a

reading/literacy house. The development conditions are the same as the existing conditions in

the park, but renovations are carried out in some kiosks for the reading park so that the

placement of traders in the kiosks is rearranged.

Satria Berkoh Park

Satria Berkoh Park was built in 1992 with an area of 13,002 m². It is located in

Berkoh, South Purwokerto adjacent to Margono Hospital on the border of the road leading to

Sokaraja. Accessibility to Satria Berkoh Park is easily accessible by using public

transportation such as private vehicles and city transportation. This park is a green space that

can be utilized by residents of Purwokerto and surrounding areas to relax, exercise on the

jogging track available and can take pictures with a mural background.

Facilities in the park include murals/paintings on the park walls, and seating. Other

facilities such as a children's play area where the condition is damaged and there is also a

small river in the park that adds to the beautiful impression of the scenery and atmosphere

(Figure 9). In this area, the types of plants include trees, shrubs, shrubs, ornamental plants,

and ground cover. Satria Berkoh Park has a total of 3371 plants with 42 different types of

plants. The tree category has 21 types of trees with a total of 117 stems, the shrub category

has 2 types of trees with a total of 696 stems, the shrub category has 6 types of trees with a

total of 226 stems, the ornamental plant category has 10 types of ornamental plants with a

total of 2176 and the palm category consists of 3 types of palms with a total of 153 stems.

Taman Mas Apung Kemambang

Taman Mas Apung Kemambang is one of the green spaces built by DLH, and a

tourist spot located in Purwokerto. The park was officially opened on the second day of Eid

in 2022 after renovation. The location is on Jl. Karangkobar, Glempang, Bancarkembar, Kec.

Purwokerto Utara, Kab. Banyumas, Central Java.

Taman Mas Apung Kemambang carries the theme of eating on boats and there are

cottages to stay. There are quite a lot of facilities such as several children's play areas, fish

ponds, toilets, parking areas, seating areas, 40 UMKM kiosks, 1 Balinese house, floating

joglo and floating gardens which are the main objects in the place. As in Appendix 5. This

area has a total of 3214 plants with 45 different types of plants. The tree category has 15

types of trees with a total of 354 stems, the shrub category has 10 types of plants with a total

of 1084 stems, the shrub category has 2 types of plants with a total of 263 stems, the vine

category has 1 type of plant with a total of 36 stems, the ornamental plant category has 13

types of plants with a total of 1468 stems and the palm category has 4 types of plants with a

total of 9 stems.

Ahmad Yani Literacy Park

Ahmad Yani Literacy Park is one of the public green spaces in Purwokerto City.

Located on Jl. Ahmad Yani, Pesayangan, Kedungwuluh, West Purwokerto Sub-District,

Banyumas Regency, which was established in 2015. Before becoming a thematic or literacy

park concept and approved by the Central Java Provincial Government which was

implemented in 2022, this park was only used as a shade. Renovations carried out such as

adding a building labeled literacy park, adding park facilities such as park lights due to lack

of lighting, fireplace banyan trees and adding flowers to beautify plants.

Facilities in the park are very limited with only a literacy reading room, kiosks, and

seating (Figure 11). As in Appendix 5. this area has a total of 999 plants with 17 different

types of plants. The tree category has 4 types of trees with a total of 25 stems, the shrub

category has 1 type of plant with a total of 337 stems, the shrub category h a s 2 types of

plants with a total of 263 stems, the shrub category has 7 types of plants with a total of 338

stems, the ornamental plant category has 5 types of plants with a total of 286 stems, the

ornamental plant category has 13 types of plants with a total of 1468 stems and the palm

category has 4 types of plants with a total of 9 types of plants.

Purwokerto Square

Alun-alun Purwokerto has been around since the Dutch colonial era and is one of the

areas that is the center of the gathering of citizens as well as a tourist destination in the city of

Purwokerto. It is located on Jl. Jenderal Sudirman, Purwokerto, Banyumas Regency, Central

Java. This place is in front of the Regent's office and in the city center.

To beautify and improve the appearance, Purwokerto Square has been renovated.

Among them are grass fireplaces, installation of lights, widening pedestrians and others. The

concept has also become more modern with the presence of a selfie spot, namely a fountain

with colors that can change with the background of "Purwokerto". In this area, the types of

plants include trees, shrubs, shrubs, vines, ornamental plants, and ground cover. As in

Appendix 5. Purwokerto square has a total of 2603 plants with 15 different types of plants.

The tree category has 3 types of trees with a total of 90 stems, the shrub category has 3 types

of plants with a total of 272 stems, the shrub category has 6 types of plants with a total of

1932 stems, the vine category has 1 type with a total of 72 stems, the ornamental plant

category has 1 type of plant with a total of 80 stems and the ground cover is about 0.80 ha.

Landscape Management Evaluation

4.1.5.1 Organization Structure

Landscape maintenance activities, especially city parks, are carried out by the

Banyumas Regency RTH Division (Figure 13). The Banyumas Regency RTH Division

consists of the Public RTH Development and Maintenance Section. The RTH Division has

the task of formulating technical policies, implementing policies, facilitating and/or coaching,

supervising and/or evaluating, monitoring and reporting in implementing policies and work

programs in the RTH sector. In addition to carrying out its duties, the RTH sector has

functions:

a. Coordination and facilitation of the preservation and management of Biodiversity

(KEHATI);

b. Green space management;

c. Botanical Garden Management;

d. Management of other biodiversity parks;

e. Management of urban aesthetic elements;

f. development Capacity HR and institutional at biodiversity management;

g. Coordination of RTH data management.

In these tasks and functions, the maintenance of the RTH landscape, especially the

Banyumas Regency city park, is the responsibility of the RTH Division team or committee

and has been running well.

Based on Figure 14. Activities to maintain special green spaces in Taman Mas Apung

Kemambang, which will be opened in 2022, were built by DLH Banyumas Regency from the

National Economic Recovery (PEN) funds and

Submitted to Department Youth Sports Culture and Tourism (Dinporabudpar) of Banyumas

Regency is then managed by the Regional Business Service Agency (BLUD) which is an

institution under the auspices of Dinporabudpar. All managers of Kemambang Floating Mas

Park are directly responsible to the management coordinator. Procurement of tools, materials

and wages as well as other costs related to the implementation of work including maintenance

using the RAB (Budget Expenditure Plan) which is managed by BLUD and has been running

well because between the relevant parties who manage synergize well.

Landscape Maintenance

City parks observed in the field such as Ahmad Yani Literacy Park, Purwokerto

Square, Mas Apung Kemambang Park and Satria Berkoh Park that use intensive or routine

maintenance. Maintenance activities carried out such as sweeping, watering, weeding,

pruning, fertilizing, HPT control, and replanting. Intensive maintenance is carried out every

Monday-Thursday at 07.45-15.30 WIB and Friday at 07.45-15.15 WIB. While in Taman Mas

Apung Kemambang, it is carried out every Monday-Friday at 07.45-15.45 WIB.

4.1.5.2 City Park Maintenance Activities in Purwokerto

In the RTH sector of DLH Kabupaten Banyumas and Taman Mas Apung

Kemambang managed by BLUD Kabupaten Banyumas, park maintenance activities are

already running and well maintained and workers usually come according to the schedule of

maintenance activities.

a. Sweeping

Sweeping activities are carried out throughout the garden area (Figure 15). The targets of

sweeping activities include fallen leaves, plastic waste, and waste from pruning plants. In the

RTH field of DLH Banyumas Regency and in Taman Mas Apung Kemambang, the

equipment used for maintenance is generally a broomstick, cikrak, lawn mower, hoe, sack

and waste basket.

Under the management of the RTH Division of DLH Banyumas Regency, plastic waste

is collected using sacks and then transported or temporarily collected to the waste bank at the

DLH office after which it is transported to the Banyumas Regency BLE Landfill

(Environmental and Education-based Landfill). Specifically at Satria Berkoh Park, which is

also managed by DLH of Banyumas Regency, waste from leaves is usually collected to be

fermented or buried in the ground until it is destroyed and then used as fertilizer. In Taman

Mas Apung Kemambang, the waste is usually moved using a garbage cart and collected at the

TPS (waste disposal site) every morning and afternoon at the park, then transported using a

truck to the hangar or Banyumas landfill twice a week.

b. Weeding

Weeding is an activity to remove plants that interfere and unwanted growth other than

the main plants or commonly called weeds. Weeding activities in the RTH field of DLH

Banyumas Regency in city parks are usually carried out about once every 1 or 2 weeks. The

weeding system is carried out on grass beds manually, namely by pulling weeds from the

roots or using a hoe. Meanwhile, in Taman Mas Apung Kemambang, the activity uses a tool

in the form of a small hoe, usually done every week or according to conditions in the field.

Weed control should be thorough so as not to disturb other plants. Weeding in a garden

should be done regularly, at least once a month or according to the level of weed distribution.

Weeding is best done before fertilizing the plants (Arifin & Arifin 2005).

c. Trimming\

The purpose of pruning is to control plant growth as desired and maintain plant health

and safety. Pruning is done for grass, shrubs, and trees. In the RTH sector of DLH Banyumas

Regency, pruning of grass and shrubs in city parks is carried out for the entire city park area.

Grass and shrubs are carried out weekly a month using a riding lawn mower and especially

shrubs because they have a shape/pattern using plant scissors while for trees it is done

incidentally. Whereas in Taman Mas Apung Kemambang, bush pruning is usually carried out

2 times a month using garden shears or depending on the condition of the plant, grass is

usually 2 times for weeds, while for tree pruning it is usually situational or depending on the

condition of the plant if or see the size of the level of danger, which if the branches are large

and might endanger visitors, they are trimmed by workers using a saw to anticipate insecurity.

According to Arifin & Arifin (2005), pruning, especially of trees, should be done at the

right time. Tree pruning is carried out in certain seasons, depending on the type of growth.

Pruning should not be carried out when the tree is bearing fruit and flowering. Objective

d. Watering

In the RTH sector of DLH Banyumas Regency, watering activities in city parks other

than the rainy season are carried out routinely once a day using water taps in the park through

hoses in the morning and evening. Whereas in Taman Mas Apung Kemambang, it usually

looks at the condition of the park, especially when the soil is dry and is done every week,

usually using a tank truck and there are locations using a hose. Watering activities are usually

carried out in the morning. This watering activity has been carried out quite effectively for

trees, shrubs and grass.

According to Lestari & Ira (2008), things that are important to consider in watering

plants are: (a) watering in high humidity areas is done in the morning to avoid the

development of fungi or mold; (b) watering should be done in the morning or evening; (c) if

using tap water for watering, the water should be precipitated overnight so that the water is at

room temperature and the CI content is reduced.

e. Fertilization

Fertilization is done in supplying additional nutrients needed by plants so that plants do

not lack nutrients. In the RTH sector of DLH Banyumas Regency in city parks, fertilizer

application is usually done in the morning. Types of trees, shrubs or shrubs and ground cover

are usually fertilized during tillage with the application of manure and kasgot fertilizer, where

kasgot fertilizer is produced directly from DLH Banyumas Regency. In addition, the use of

chemical fertilizers is usually very rare where for shrubs and bushes it is done once every 1 or

2 years using Za, TSP or Phospor. In addition, only in Taman Satria Berkoh usually only use

rabuk fertilizer from fermented dry leaves by spreading which is rarely applied or about once

a week. Meanwhile, in Taman Mas Apung Kemambang or under the management of BLUD,

for bush plants usually once every 3 months in the morning or evening fertilize Za and urea

fertilizers are used, and plants in ponds with water as the growing medium tend to be left

alone, while trees are never regularly fertilized.

According to Lestari & Ira (2008), the important things to consider in applying fertilizer

are: (a) fertilizers evaporate easily in hot weather or d u r i n g t h e day; (b) at night plants

are able to absorb nutrients; (c) if exposed to fertilizer leaf buds, flower blossoms, and flower

buds will be easily damaged; (d) excess or deficiency of fertilizer doses can result in

abnormal plant growth; (e) generally fertilization is carried out 3 weeks after planting and

carried out 2 to 3 months regularly; (f) the type of fertilizer is adjusted to the growth phase

and plant needs; (g) fertilizer application for roots, leaves and stems should be done at 08.00

to 10.00 am or in the afternoon; (h) the method of application, dosage, and time of fertilizer

listed on the package should be considered.00 to 10.00 in the morning or in the afternoon; (h)

the method, dosage, and timing of fertilizer listed on the package should be observed.

f. Plant Pest and Disease Control (HPT)

HPT control aims to protect plants from pests and plant diseases (HPT) attacks so that

they still have high aesthetic value and plants remain healthy. HPT control activities from the

RTH sector of DLH Banyumas Regency are carried out incidentally or if there are HPT that

attack only to be sprayed. The spraying usually uses organic pesticides. While in Taman Mas

Apung Kemambang, pesticides are also sprayed if there are HPT or unhealthy plant

conditions and still use chemical pesticides. According to Carpenter et al. (1975), the right

steps for pest control are as follows: (a) utilize the right pesticide; (b) identify problems in

plants; (c) use pesticides at the right time.

g. Hard material repair

Repair of RTH hard materials in the RTH field of DLH Banyumas Regency at the

observation location is usually carried out by workers in the park, including activities to

handle park supporting facilities and infrastructure (sarpras) such as lights, electricity, and

pumps, especially fountains. Then in Taman Mas Apung Kemambang, it is carried out

incidentally in repairing infrastructure facilities, where for conditions around the last 1 year

there has only been the opening of the park so that most of the focus is on existing facilities

to remain well conditioned.

4.1.5.3 Labor Management

The RTH Division at DLH Banyumas Regency in the observed city parks has ten

permanent workers including, in Satria Berkoh Park five people, Ahmad Yani Literacy Park

two people, Purwokerto Square as many as three people, while in Mas Apung Park with

maintenance workers by vendors as many as seven people and 13 cleaning workers. KTK

recommendations that can be seen in Table 13. Show that the current number of workers is

not too far away when compared to the recommendation results. The author recommends that

in some parks such as Purwokerto Square, Kemambang Floating Mas Park, and Satria

Berkoh Park have park maintenance personnel more than the current condition. Especially in

Taman Mas Apung Kemambang, it can be replaced by recruiting permanent workers without

vendors for park maintenance by being trained to be better and more skilled, the pedestrian

sweeping labor in Purwokerto Square is carried out by DLH in the field of cleanliness,

workers and tree pruning there is its own tree pruning team handled from the RTH field of

DLH Banyumas Regency but not regularly.

The wages of field workers in the park in the data collection took place from the RTH

field of DLH Banyumas Regency around Rp. 2,100,0000.00 per month. While in Taman Mas

Apung Kemambang the wage given is according to the Regional Minimum Wage (UMR) of

Purwokerto City of around Rp. 1,900,000.00 per month/person. Previously there were general

criteria required for labor. These criteria are entry / selection requirements for work such as

history / self-identity, education, and experience which depends on whether the worker is

civil servant or non-civil servant. Generally, workers in city parks are local residents with

elementary to high school education levels. The effectiveness of work on maintenance

personnel is determined by several things such as: (a) the level of skill and motivation of the

workers; (b) the availability of tools and materials that are suitable for the needs; (c) the

smooth communication between foremen and leaders and between workers in the field and

foremen (Arifin & Arifin 2005). Based on observations, supervision and communication by

managers and field workers of each park observed was good.

4.1.5.4 Maintenance Cost Manager

Maintenance costs are important to be budgeted in detail and thoroughly. The budget

utilized for the maintenance of city parks is obtained from the Banyumas Regency APBD

funds. In 2022, the RTH sector of DLH Banyumas Regency utilized funds of around Rp.

10,000,000,000 for RTH arrangement, operations and procurement of RTH management

tools. In its implementation, the costs for maintenance of city parks incurred are in

accordance with the needs and there are no obstacles. Then, in Taman Mas Apung

Kemambang, the budget used for the maintenance of city parks is obtained from the

management of the Banyumas Regency BLUD. In 2022, Taman Mas Apung Kemambang

spent around Rp. 250,000,000 for park maintenance and in accordance with planning.

4.1.5.5 Management of Tools and Materials

City park maintenance activities in Purwokerto City require several tools and

materials to support the smooth implementation of maintenance. The maintenance tools must

also be managed properly so that they can be used for a long time. DLH Banyumas Regency

and Taman Mas Apung Kemambang have complete equipment to support park maintenance.

Procurement of equipment and materials by DLH Banyumas Regency that are utilized

is carried out once a year and replacement of equipment depends on the condition of the

equipment itself. There is an evaluation by the RTH field of DLH Banyumas Regency for

maintenance, usually conducted in the morning every Monday and Wednesday. In addition,

there are also coordination activities every week or morning apple, one of which discusses

problems in the field to follow up on tomorrow's needs. The equipment used in the RTH

sector for the maintenance process in parks includes broom sticks, grass cutting machines,

garden shears, cikrak, hoes, pesticide sprayers, shovels, machetes, and hoses, then in the

Kemambang Floating Mas Park including hoes, pancong, crowbars, plant shears, arid,

machetes, saws, broom sticks, lawn mowers and HPT sprayers, crowbars, arid, machetes,

cikrak, tank trucks, and hoses (Table 14). Meanwhile, materials for the maintenance process

used are various types of fertilizers and pesticides (Table 15).

After the equipment is utilized, both in the RTH sector of DLH Banyumas Regency

and Taman Mas Apung Kemambang, the tools are stored and cleaned again in the storage

warehouse in the park while maintenance materials are also stored, especially if there is still

residue after the application of materials in the maintenance process.

4.1.6 Crop Type Suitability Analysis

This evaluation aims to determine the suitability of tree species plants carried out to

compare physical conditions with the criteria in the Minister of Public Works Regulation

Number: 05/PRT/M/2008 concerning Guidelines for the Provision and Utilization of Green

Space in Urban Areas. The results of the analysis show that these four parks are suitable.

Based on Table 16. the assessment of the suitability of plant species in Taman Mas

Apung Kemambang on average is classified as suitable or 85% and among them there are

suitable and quite suitable, which are included in the suitable category of 16 tree species are

angsana (Pterocarpus indicus), Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), nagasari (Mesua

ferrea L.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), king palm

(Roystonea regia), matoa (Pometia pinnata), star fruit (Averrhoa carambola), jenitri

(Elaeocarpus ganitrus), mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), nutmeg (Myristica fragrans

houtt), trembesi (Samanea saman), mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni), passion fruit

(Passiflora edulis), mango (Mangifera indica), and soursop (Annona muricata). The

moderately suitable category of 7 tree species are areca nut (Areca catechu), yellow palm

(Dypsis lutescens (H.Wendi) Beentje & J.Dransf), glodogan (Polyalthia longifolia), rukam

(Flacourtia rukam), walisongo (Schefflera actinophylla), sawo duren (Chrysophyllum

cainito), and durian (Durio).

4.1.7 Analysis of the Availability and Condition of City Park Facilities in Purwokerto City

According to Frick (2006) explains that the city park is a place in urban areas with a

function as a place of human rest and the lungs of the city. To meet these needs and comfort

it is important to fulfill the availability of facilities in the park in supporting various activities

in it. Based on Permen PU No. 5 of 2008 concerning the Provision and Utilization of Urban

RTH, the function rules of a city park, including aesthetic, economic, socio-cultural, and

ecological functions. According to Wibowo & Mangasa (2018), the minimum facility

standards that must exist are pedestrian paths, garden lights / lighting, park benches, parking

lots, gazebos, trash bins, plazas (multipurpose arenas), information boards, toilets, drainage

networks, and electrical installations. The availability of city park facilities and infrastructure

based on the functions of the city park studied are social and cultural functions, sports

functions, recreational functions, economic functions, and supporting facilities (Permanasuri

2023).

Satria Berkoh Park

Satria Berkoh Park has a dominant function in ecology, with cool conditions and

many plants there, especially shady trees. The land area is quite large (1.3 ha) but the existing

facilities are incomplete and many facilities have not been fulfilled. The existing facilities

include benches, play areas, trash bins, garden lights, sheds, drainage networks, and electrical

installations. However, it is unfortunate that the condition of the play area facilities such as

swings and seesaws is damaged and rusty, there are no toilets and sports functions are not

accommodated, only pedestrians for jogging. Most visitors who come to the park utilize the

limited space because it is only for sitting supported by the availability of comfortable

complementary elements such as park benches, the availability of vegetation around the space

that is shady and free of charge. Figure 21. Shows the existing condition of Satria Berkoh

Park.

Taman Mas Apung Kemambang

This park has a large area (3.44 ha) and is also a tourist attraction that can be visited.

This park is recommended for various age levels, starting from children to adults as a place of

recreation. The existing facilities are in good condition and well maintained, including

consisting of children's playrooms, ponds or fountains, relaxing places or gazebos,

performance areas or stages, arts and culture areas, lodging or cottages, and food stalls or

trader stalls (MSMEs). These facilities become activity spaces for visitors to carry out various

social and recreational activities. In addition, it can also be for cultural activities and

economic activities. Other supporting facilities available include park benches, play areas,

fields, parking, toilets, trash bins, warehouses, information boards, drainage networks,

electrical installations, places of worship and free WiFi services. Image

22. Shows the existing condition of Purwokerto Square.

4.2 Perceptions and Preferences of Visitors to City Parks in Purwokerto City

The results of perception of a stimulus differ from one individual to another.

According to Daviddoff in Sagala (2009) Perception is influenced by the ability to think, feel,

and experience individuals who are different from one another. Analysis of perceptions and

preferences was carried out to see the extent of visitor responses related to the quality of

management of city park conditions in Purwokerto. The number of visitors to fill out the

research questionnaire was 120 people. The city parks studied were Satria Berkoh Park, Mas

Apung Kemambang Park, Ahmad Yani Literacy Park, and Purwokerto Square.

The number of visitors who filled out the questionnaire at Purwokerto City Park can

be seen in Table 21. Based on this number, 100% have been answered by respondents.

Respondents who visited Satria Berkoh Park were predominantly male (77%). The age of the

majority of respondents in the age range of 28-40 years (46%). The majority of respondents'

last education is high school / equivalent (50%). The majority of respondents' residence is in

Purwokerto City (50%) and the majority of respondents' job type is in Purwokerto City other

occupations such as construction workers, food vendors, laborers, and parking attendants

(47%). In Taman Mas Apung Kemambang, the majority of respondents were female (77%).

The majority of respondents were aged between 17-25 years (40%) and 26-34 years (40%).

The majority of respondents' last education was senior high school or equivalent (50%). The

majority of respondents' residence was in Purwokerto City (52%) and the majority of

respondents' jobs were housewives (27%) and other jobs such as sellers, lecturers, ojol

drivers and investors (27%). At Ahmad Yani Literacy Park, the majority of respondents were

female (72%). The majority of respondents were aged between 17-25 years (70%). The

majority of respondents' last education was senior high school or equivalent (60%). The

majority of respondents' residence was in Purwokerto City (46%) and the majority of

respondents' job types were students (43%). In Purwokerto Square, the majority are female

(57%). The age of respondents is mostly in the scale range of 15-27 years. The majority of

respondents' last education is high school/equivalent (54%). The majority of respondents live

in Purwokerto City (47%) and the majority of respondents are still students (27%).

4.2.1 Perception

The results of the influence of the respondent's character background on the

perception of the questionnaire material tested in the City Park affect the questionnaire

material from the Chi-Square analysis results. The gender background of respondents affects

the material performance of park managers in Purwokerto Square and park temperature

comfort material in Satria Berkoh Park. Age background affects the material completeness of

facilities in Taman Mas Apung Kemambang and Ahmad Yani Literacy Park, as well as the

material temperature comfort at Ahmad Yani Literacy Park. Educational background affects

the material completeness of facilities and beauty in Ahmad Yani Literacy Park and material

temperature comfort in Purwokerto Square (Table 23).

4.2.1.1 Gender background

Based on perceptions in Table 24. In Satria Berkoh Park and Purwokerto Square,

gender background affects perceptions of temperature comfort (0.009*) and park manager

performance (0.048*). In Satria Berkoh Park, the highest response by men was 60% agree.

This is thought to be because male respondents are more interested in being in the park for a

long time. Usually they do activities such as chatting, relaxing for a moment during breaks

while working, and sightseeing. So that male respondents have more sensitivity to comfort in

the park and tend to assess the conditions as good because it is quite cool and does not feel air

pollution in the park. Therefore, the importance of parks designed with a comfortable

atmosphere. According to Faradila et al. (2018), parks can be specially designed to regulate

the surface flow of rainwater from various origins, such as building roofs, roads, lawns by

creating water catchment areas and using plants that are able to handle high moisture levels.

Related to park manager performance material in Purwokerto Square is influenced by

gender background (0.048*). In Purwokerto Square, both men and women have the same

highest response (33.5% good) which tends to give a good assessment of the performance of

park managers. Usually respondents are in the park there are in the morning until the

afternoon by doing activities such as sitting, taking pictures or just chatting. Whereas in the

afternoon and evening there are many street vendors selling next to the square and more and

more male and female visitors buy snacks while sitting relaxed in the square. In addition to

the crowded condition of the Square, the majority of respondents stated that the performance

of the park manager was good because the cleanliness and neatness of the plants were

maintained so that the community was satisfied. As argued by Putra (2011), one of the

performance indicators of park managers, namely the quality of services in managing green

spaces in Surakarta City, shows that the community is not very satisfied with the performance

of DKP Surakarta because of poor hygiene.

4.2.1.2 Age background

In Taman Mas Apung Kemambang, age background affects perceptions related to the

completeness of facilities (0.009 *) and in Ahmad Yani Literacy Park, age background

affects perceptions related to the completeness of facilities (0.018 *) and security (0.013 *).

According to Mariski (2017), age background affects the incompleteness of facilities and the

majority of adults have expectations of adequate facilities to support their activities,

especially children's play areas. In Taman Mas Apung Kemambang, the age group 26-34

years had the highest response of 35% agree. This shows that adults feel served because the

facilities meet the needs of respondents, such as comfortable seating, light sports facilities,

and many places to relax such as enjoying artificial lakes, jogging tracks, and stepped fish

ponds. The park is also equipped with gazebos and pavilions that can be used for various

events. Every weekend is usually always crowded with visitors, even when opening the park

visitors are willing to queue at the entrance. Whereas in Ahmad Yani Literacy Park, the age

group 17-27 years old 37% disagree gave the highest response regarding the completeness of

the facilities. This shows that this age group utilizes existing park facilities, but there are not

many facilities offered so that the dominant activity of visitors is sitting around relaxing.

Regarding security at Ahmad Yani Literacy Park, the 17-27 year old age group agreed

54%. This shows that most teenage respondents stated that it is safe, because the size is not

too large, easy to monitor, and there are traders who increase the presence of people around

the park so that the environment is not too quiet. According to Tuahena et al. (2019), visitor

perceptions are influenced by external factors, namely the physical condition of the public

open space itself.

4.3 Stakeholder Perceptions and Preferences about public green spaces in Purwokerto City

Stakeholder perceptions were obtained through interviews with 7 people from

government and non-government. The sample was taken based on the consideration that the

informants were in accordance with the pentahelix collaboration and were considered to have

an understanding of the questionnaire submitted to the Public RTH in Purwokerto City.

Statement 1 shows the average results of answers about knowledge related to the

benefits of public green spaces, which are classified as very knowledgeable (91%) (Figure

25). This shows that most informants are very aware of the benefits of public green spaces in

Purwokerto City. Informants who were considered very knowledgeable included the

government (Bappedalitbang Banyumas Regency and DLH Banyumas Regency), academics,

community leaders and volunteers. The informants mostly stated that they knew the benefits

of public green spaces from field visits, literature, media, and seminars that had been attended

and had varying perceptions. The informants stated that the benefits of public green spaces

include areas for recreation and socializing, improving the quality of life of the community,

areas to maintain optimal air temperature, neutralizing vehicle fumes, and creating beauty in a

place. While businessmen are considered to know the benefits of public green spaces and the

media do not know the benefits of public green spaces.

Statement 2 shows the average results of informants' knowledge answers about

knowing the achievement of public green space development in Purwokerto City, the results

of which are classified as very knowledgeable (86%) (Figure 25). Informants from the

government and volunteers are very aware of the achievements of ongoing public green

spaces development. A statement from the government that the Public Green Space planned

to meet the 20% target in Purwokerto city can be seen in the Regional Regulation (Perda) of

Banyumas Regency number 6 of 2019. While in the current condition in the 2018-2023

Banyumas Regency Strategic Plan in 2021 to 2022 to set a target of 2% or 6.8 ha in the

percentage of public green space increase is related to expanding land and there are

consequences such as increasing the budget means buying land or adjusting budget

capabilities. However, most of what has been done is to optimize public green spaces such as

existing city parks and very minimally expand the area. This is due to land limitations from

lack of budget and including during the Covid-19 pandemic or post-covid conditions and the

city government itself has other activities or programs that are more priority, so DLH

Banyumas Regency often improvises itself to meet the 2% target and optimize existing ones.

Volunteers follow the progress of the achievement of public green space development

because they usually participate in helping with greening at every event/activity from the

office. Meanwhile, informants who are classified as knowing are academics, contractors and

community leaders and those who are classified as not knowing are the media. Respondents

such as academics, contractors and community leaders usually know that the source comes

from news or direct communication with related agencies. While the media only knows

enough and information on the achievement of public green spaces is very rarely obtained.

Statement 3 shows the average results of answers about informants' knowledge related

to Government programs to meet the achievement of Public RTH targets in Purwokerto City

which are classified as very knowledgeable (86%) (Figure 25). Most of those who really

know this include the government, community leaders, and volunteers. The government has

the authority to create and implement existing programs, so there are several activities that

are automatically known such as technical policies from DLH.

Banyumas Regency itself, which in addition to adding green spaces, but also must

maintain and improve existing ones such as facilities and infrastructure. This RTH sector

consists of 2 programs; RTH development and maintenance. The program plan, activities and

performance indicators of DLH Banyumas Regency in 2018-2023 with the target of

increasing green spaces are the Biodiversity Management Program (KEHATI) with a target

of 8.28% and a percentage increase in public green spaces of 2%. The informants from

volunteers and community leaders who know this because they are often involved or help

DLH Banyumas Regency in implementation, especially in planting and often carry out

greening independently. For example, this year the greening began to plant green lanes that

are planned to be completed for 2023 in the campus area of Jenderal Soedirman University

and participated in planting green lanes on Jl. Bung Karno near the construction of a new

tourist attraction called Menara Teratai. While there are responses that agree with

Government programs to meet the achievement of public green space targets such as

academics. In addition, there are responses that are less aware of government programs to

meet the achievement of public green space targets such as businessmen and the media.

Statement 4 shows the average results of informants' answers in feeling the

achievement of public green space development, especially city parks, in Purwokerto City

which is classified as agreeing (74%) (Figure 25). The results show that most informants

answered agree such as the government (DLH Banyumas Regency), academics, and

volunteers. They tend to state that there are achievements in the development of public green

spaces, but most of them improve existing green spaces and can still be developed further.

Meanwhile, there are informants who answered disagree, such as those from the government

(Bappedalitbang Kabupaten Banyumas), businessmen, and the media. From the summarized

results obtained, it is less felt that there is an achievement in public green space development,

especially city parks. This is because even though there are city park developments such as

Taman Mas Apung Kemambang, there can still be developed more city parks in urban areas

and city park facilities in Purwokerto City are still lacking and the level of community

participation is still minimal so that the perceived achievement is still not optimal in the

development of public green spaces. Then there are informants who strongly agree in feeling

the achievement of public green space development, especially city parks, namely

community leaders.

Statement 5 shows the average answer results in the perception of informants related

to the community in Purwokerto City paying attention to the condition of public green

spaces, especially city parks in the future, which is classified as agreeing (66%) (Figure 25).

The results show that community leaders and volunteers disagree, businessmen and the media

disagree, the government (DLH Banyumas Regency) and academics agree, while the

government (Bappedalitbang Banyumas Regency) strongly agree. Most informants were of

the opinion that the community utilizes and maintains the city park well, where from several

parks that have been repaired or built, the community is quite enthusiastic and enjoys the city

park so that many utilize the park well even though there are some people who have damaged

or less guarded. However, there are informants who

Identification of External Factors Opportunities

a. Has a strategic area and easy access

The location of the city park is easily accessible which is in urban Purwokerto and access

to the city park is easy because it can use public transportation such as public transportation

available or private vehicles, so that it can increase the number of visitors to the city park.

b. Community and Government support in activities or events

tree planting

More and more people are joining such as students and nature lovers, as well as their

participation and various communities invited by the local government to plant trees in events

or activities organized for example every Indonesian Tree Planting Day (HMPI) on

November 28 and National Tree Planting Month (BMPN) during December.

c. Community/volunteers who contribute well

Community support such as the BHV (Banyumas Humanity Volunteer) community to the

government, which is always active in helping with tree planting and participating in

organized events. Usually, they also voluntarily help provide seedlings for tree planting at the

events they participate in. The contribution is getting better because quite a lot of people join

the nature lovers community, especially the participation to plant trees.

d. Regional Autonomy

The existence of regional autonomy provides an opportunity for people to express their

aspirations directly to the government (bottom-up).

e. The existence of RTH Increases Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the

community

There are many green spaces that can serve as adequate gathering places such as fields

and city parks. Observations made many street vendors are interested in selling almost every

park in the city of Purwokerto. So that it has the potential to increase the UMKM of the

surrounding community.

f. Socialization of landscaping for the community

The existence of socialization related to the importance of RTH for community members

can have a positive impact / encouragement to contribute more to the development and

maintenance of RTH. There was a development exhibition organized by the Banyumas

Regency Government and packaged in Gebyar Infrastruktur 2018 at Purwokerto Water

Resources Park (Tesda), which was attended by 13 Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD)

by displaying 13 booths including DLH Banyumas Regency. In addition, in 2022 during

covid-19 there will be a virtual development exhibition, including contributions from the

RTH sector.

g. Information technology that can be accessed easily

Technology has great potential in supporting the maintenance of green spaces and can

engage the community to support green space development efforts. Many urban communities

utilize information technology such as social media and online news to get information

related to urban greening.

Threats

a. The government's approach to the community is less than optimal in terms of

involvement and increasing knowledge related to public green spaces.

The results of observations in the field and interviews with stakeholders, many people

have not been directly involved in the participation of monitoring and supervision of existing

public green spaces and the lack of information provided government to the community

regarding the importance of public green spaces in urban areas for sustainability and success.

b. Green spaces are not yet a priority

So far, RTH has not become a priority program for regional development in Banyumas

Regency based on the superior program of the Regent-Vice Regent of Banyumas for the

2021-2023 Period, thus affecting the budget realized to DLH Banyumas Regency in the field

of RTH. One example in 2021 in the priority program that is fulfilled related to the mission to

realize economic independence with the development of RTH is the construction of Taman

Mas Apung Kemambang through the loan of National Economic Recovery (PEN) funds as a

tourist spot which also grows various existing MSMEs.

c. Lack of private sector involvement

Originating from the problem of often constrained financing from the local government,

DLH often submits proposals for CSR assistance to the private sector / various companies.

The submission is usually for the construction of rth and procurement of seedlings in

organizing events on tree planting day every year. However, assistance for development has

never been realized and only tree planting assistance by companies that want to help.

d. Inappropriate use of green spaces

Public green spaces have been used inappropriately or not properly supervised. Things

that have happened such as littering, vandalism such as turning off/damaging garden lights,

deliberately taking plants to activities that should not be. This inappropriate use can damage

the aesthetics, safety, and quality of the landscape.

e. Construction and Development of built space

Rapid urban growth can result in pressure to develop land that was previously utilized as

green space. The development of offices, housing and other infrastructure can reduce the area

of green spaces and threaten ecological sustainability.

f. Pest and plant disease problems

The appearance of pests and plant diseases can reduce the beauty/aesthetics of plants.

The attack of garden pests and diseases is difficult to predict, so it is necessary to always be

treated and anticipated if it is affected. Anticipation can be done such as checking the

condition of the plants. So the importance of knowledge related to the basics of plant

protection science.

CONCLUSION :

Landscape management in urban parks in Purwokerto City requires additional labor

for intensive maintenance. However, the maintenance schedule, management synergy, tools

and materials, and budget utilization are well done. On the suitability of each tree in the three

parks is classified as suitable (82%-85%) and one park is quite suitable (79%), while the

types of shrubs and bushes are considered quite suitable. While the availability and condition

of city park facilities, only Taman Mas Apung Kemambang has facilities with adequate

activity space, while Ahmad Yani Literacy Park has limited activity space and is poorly

maintained.

Based on the Chi-Square test, the background of respondents with the most

significant perception and preference materials is "work" at Satria Berkoh Park which affects

the perception of the completeness of facilities, availability of vegetation, performance of

park managers and preferences for the most preferred facilities. Ahmad Yani Literacy Park

affects the perception of security, preferences for additional elements such as vegetation and

children's play facilities, and preferences for the most preferred facilities. Alun-Alun affects

the perceived completeness of facilities and preferences for elements that can be added.

The results of perceptions and preferences of stakeholders in Purwokerto City mostly

give positive perceptions of public green spaces. The majority have a positive understanding

of public green spaces and support the development and attention to urban parks. Their

positive preferences also tend to support community participation, support from stakeholders

for public green spaces, and improvement of urban parks in Purwokerto City.

The results of stakeholder analysis in supporting public green space management in

Purwokerto City show that cooperation between stakeholders requires increased synergy. The

government is classified as a Key Player, BHV Community, community leaders, and Private

is classified as Subject. While the mass media Suara Purwokerto is classified as a Bystander.

The proposed SWOT analysis belongs to matrix V, namely hold and maintain. The

recommendations that have been prepared include: socialization of the importance of public

green spaces, optimizing existing public green spaces to accommodate various activities and

community needs, regulations to improve public green space supervision, avoiding the use of

chemicals in managing parks, inviting the public to participate more actively and providing a

forum for submitting suggestions and opinions on the implementation of green spaces,

strengthening the synergy of support for green space management actors, adding workers to

control the hardscape of city parks, increasing the availability of plants and park facilities

that are lacking, adding park workers, utilizing the use of park interactive technology for

visitors.

WPC 480_ASU_ASSIGNMENT_2024_LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE OPTIMIZATION OF PUBLIC GREEN SPACES IN PURWOKERTO CITY PARK

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