UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE ERA OF

GLOBALIZATION

Orlan Barley

Arizona State University

Course

Professor Ilana

January, 2024

Week 1

Introduction

In a world that is increasingly "one world, full of differences but which can no longer be

disaggregated and divided", there is a paradox that the local is not bound to die out (as can

happen in a national and modern atmosphere that is centralized and anti-traditional).

Globalism seems to allow localism to revive and coexist as an alternative. When modernism

and thus the supposedly modern national law prove inadequate to solve the many problems of

humanity, what is global (with its post-modern spirit) and what is local (with its pre-modern

moral themes) seem more capable of offering alternatives in economic, political, social,

cultural and legal life to the people.

In order to realize the welfare of the people, environmental law is an instrument of state

administration in environmental protection and management. Environmental law becomes a

guideline in the framework of environmental protection and management. The norms of

environmental protection and management serve as guidelines in the implementation of

environmental permits. The 1945 Constitution mandates the government and all elements of

society to protect and manage the environment in the implementation of sustainable

development, so that the United States environment remains a resource and life support for

the United States people and other living things. Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution is the

basic norm for environmental management in United States, namely:

 The economy is structured as a joint venture based on the principle of kinship

 Branches of production that are important to the state and that control the lives of many

people are controlled by the state.

 The earth, water and natural resources contained therein are controlled by the state and

used for the greatest prosperity of the people.

 The national economy is organized on the basis of economic democracy with the

principles of togetherness, fair efficiency, sustainability, environmental insight,

independence, and by maintaining a balance of progress and national economic unity.

 Further provisions concerning the implementation of this article shall be regulated by

law.

General provisions of article 1 point 2 of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental

Protection and Management (UU- PPLH), environmental protection and management is a

systematic and integrated effort carried out to preserve the function of the environment and

prevent pollution and / or environmental damage which includes planning, utilization,

control, maintenance, supervision, and law enforcement.

So far, environmental management tends to only utilize the environment as an object of

development. Environmental management means management of The environment can be

managed through a management approach. The environmental management approach

prioritizes the ability of humans to manage the environment, so that the view is commonly

referred to as "environmentally friendly". Pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors must not

be anti-development.

The above opinion implies that environmental protection and management must balance the

interests of economic improvement with the interests of preserving the environment and

social. Environmental protection and management efforts based on the norms of

environmental law mean a balance between economic interests, preservation of

environmental functions and social conditions. This is the importance of the principles of

sustainable development in the implementation of government tasks, related to environmental

management. So far, these two things seem to be separated from each other. The government

and the private sector are seen as prioritizing economic interests over environmental

conservation interests.

In environmental protection and management, the state administration is the dominant party.

The dominance of the government is a consequence of a welfare state as described earlier.

Nevertheless, environmental law is still seen as a complement in the implementation of

government tasks. In fact, there is still an assumption that environmental law is an obstacle in

the midst of efforts to spur economic growth. The same condition also applies to the

principles of sustainable development, which is seen as an anti-economic and social

development concept. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the study of the

environment on the one hand and economic issues on the other is inseparable from the

development of the fulfillment of human life which continues to grow dynamically from time

to time. Such developments are understandable as part of the human necessity in fulfilling

their livelihoods, which means it is a necessity for management based on economic

principles. There is profit and loss, supply and demand, balance, saturation point and so on.

The development of science and eco- logy has fulfilled human needs and even desires.

Humans began to control and exploit nature. This situation has resulted in both socio-

economic progress and inequality as well as the degradation of natural resources and the

environment, ultimately leading to issues of justice, welfare, and the sustainability of the

human future itself.

The direction that humans want to achieve is modernization. Modernization, which is

identical to the orientation of economic growth, is not free from various weaknesses,

especially causing problems of ecosystem degradation, marginalization or impoverishment,

social problems and so on. Capital owners and rulers treat nature as an unlimited resource to

be fully utilized for human interests. Other than being exploited, nature is also used as a

garbage dump that is forced to exceed the carrying capacity and capacity of the environment.

The tendency of modernization to accumulate capital and exploit nature has the effect of

encouraging human greed for nature. Certainly, these activities lead to the systematic

destruction of the environment. Technically, it takes the form of large-scale projects, the

result of which is the destruction of the environment. Development that no longer cares about

the rules of conservation is development that uses a philosophical foundation that places

human interests as the main and only consideration in development.

On the one hand, the environment will hinder development, and on the other hand,

development will damage the environment. In reality, it appears that prioritizing economic

growth in development does not ensure the sustainability of development because the

environment is damaged. The environment is also an important element of economic growth,

because if environmental functions decline due to utilization that exceeds the capacity of the

environment, the economy will lose its ability to grow. Based on this, good economic growth

must also be supported by the environment as the container of the web of life. Any economic

development that is carried out needs to take into account the impact on the environment so

as not to kill life itself, so in this case the economy is a subsis- tem of the environment.

It is realized that natural resources are very important for human survival because natural

resources are needed in every human activity. The environment should be organized and

managed properly to support present and future life. It is an obligation for everyone to

maintain the ability of the environment to continue to be utilized for the protection and needs

of humans or other living things.

In relation to the problems that occur (das sein) for example, the rampant acts of pollution, or

certainly environmental crimes lately have not or are not matched by the number of

investigators of the case itself. Technically, the role of the environment ministry in carrying

out law enforcement duties can be said to be still weak, weakness is a variety of reasons, even

though this law should have been effective two years after its enactment (precisely on

October 3, 2011).

In law, one of the most important elements of law enforcement is dedication, or intelligence

and personal professionalism. It was identified that the personnel, in concrete terms, are

environmental Civil Servant Investigators (PPNS) who have not been equipped with the

necessary tools. Of course, the assumption is simple, that no matter how good the rules are

without being enforced by dedicated and qualified personnel, they will not be able to be

implemented optimally. In fact, the idealism of environmental law enforcement is basically a

systematic and integrated effort made to preserve environmental functions. Not only that, it

also includes activities to prevent pollution and/or damage to the environment which includes

planning, utilization, control, maintenance, supervision. The essence of law enforcement is

not merely repressive. Pre-ventive efforts must even be implemented first.

Dimensions of Sustainable Development

Decades of development in many countries around the world have resulted in advances in

technology, production, management, information, all of which have improved the quality of

human life. Development planners, especially economists, are quick to point to data on these

advances, such as the declining infant mortality rate and higher life expectancy.

Industrial production over the past few decades has increased rapidly, as has the level of per

capita income in several groups of countries in the world. These achievements of high

economic growth have been accompanied by tremendous pressures on the environment. The

growth of industry in Europe has led to air pollution that invites acid rain, which destroys

forests, lakes, and relics of artistic value.

High. The growth of the paper and wood industries in both developing and developed

countries has contributed to the deforestation of tropical forests in Asia, Africa and South

America.

Forest destruction is caused by industry and clearing forests for agricultural land. In addition,

the continuous burning of fossil fuels has sent large amounts of carbon dioxide into the

atmosphere which is slowly increasing the temperature of the earth. As a result of the

greenhouse effect, it is predicted that in the future there will be an increase in the temperature

of the earth's glo- bale, causing sea levels to rise, which in turn will flood coastal cities and

damage the economy of various nations.

What is of greater concern is the existence of social injustice at both national and

international levels. Increased food production does not automatically solve the problems of

poverty and hunger. In many countries, especially in the developing world, we still see many

people who do not have the resources necessary for a minimal living.

The lack of equitable distribution of resources has resulted in millions of people continuing to

live in poverty and underdevelopment. If at the national level, especially in developing

countries, we see that about 20% of the population controls and enjoys a tremendous amount

of national assets and resources, then at the international level we also see inequalities in

income and consumption patterns between the people of developed countries and the people

of developing countries.

World economic growth is putting tremendous pressure on the environment The rise of social

injustice has raised the concerns of many, from politicians to development planners. The idea

of sustainable development put forward by the World Commission on Environment and

Development is basically a response to the various negative impacts that have arisen as a

result of development practices that have been running for several decades. Sustainable

development is basically a process of change that includes resource exploitation, investment

direction, present and future orientation to fulfill human needs and aspirations.

On resource wealth, United States as one of the developing countries in the world has very

rich and abundant resources. This wealth of resources exists in every region of United States.

However, the richness of resources, especially natural resources, also raises the potential for

environmental pollution and damage. This is a logical consequence of the management of the

natural resources themselves. Therefore, it is imperative to neutralize and reduce losses,

especially in the form of negative impacts due to environmental management.

The above situation can be one of the obstacles for United States in carrying out development

aimed at improving the welfare of the United States people themselves. The cycle between

management and anticipation of impacts is a kind of agenda that goes hand in hand.

Therefore, a balance must be maintained so that both management and netra- lization of the

consequences of management can go hand in hand. That the problem of pollution and

environmental damage is actually a general problem. In the sense that it is experienced by

several countries in the world that manage natural resources as a potential that supports the

economy.

Various problems regarding the environment, whether caused by nature or by human actions

that are not as they should be, certainly disrupt the course of the eco-logical process. As a

result, it leads to degradation of quality, or even causes damage to the eco-system as a whole.

In fact, the damage to the eco-system does not recognize administrative boundaries or even

national borders.

In political language, natural resource management is a development effort. The goal is to

improve the quality of life of the people in general. Therefore, it is understood that while

development has a positive impact in the form of prosperity, it also has a negative impact. In

the environmental dimension, the negative impact is the occurrence of damage and / or

pollution of the environment, for this reason, the relevance of providing legal protection

against losses arising from these impacts. Such protection should be set out in rules that can

be measured with certainty.

In the dimension of environmental law, the legal idea of environmentally sound sustainable

development is a keyword in environmental management. The rules in environmental law

integrate environmental considerations in the implementation of development. The point is

how to build without damaging the environment, with certain measures regulated in law.

Based on the above, when there is a decrease in environmental function due to environmental

destruction and or pollution, a series of law enforcement activities must be carried out. The

goal is not only to impose sanctions on environmental destroyers or polluters. More than that,

the most important objective is to restore the ability of the environment to improve its quality,

and protect those who are affected or suffer losses due to environmental management

activities.

The above is in line with the idealism, namely to uphold the concept of sustainable

development which is expected to be a form of accountability for the current generation to

future generations. Various formulations, including international meetings that initiate

environmental law enforcement, demand that all parties take responsibility for maintaining

and preserving the environment. The goal is to maintain and utilize an environment that is

conducive to future and present generations.

In realizing sustainable development, the United States government has made various

concepts regarding laws and regulations to preserve the environment. In 1982, Law Number

14 of 1982 concerning Basic Provisions for Environmental Management was passed (LN

1982 Number 12). Subsequently, Law Number 14 of 1982 was replaced by Law Number 23

of 1997 concerning Environmental Management (LN 1997 No.68). In its development, Law

No. 23 of 1997 was revoked and replaced by Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental

Protection and Management (UU-PPLH). UU-PPLH basically also continues the principle of

environmentally sound sustainable development. Even more sharpened, this can be observed

in the preamble of the UU-PPLH.

It is stated that a good and healthy environment is the human right of every color of the

United States state as in Article 28 H of the 1945 Constitution. Similarly, that development

The national economy as mandated by the 1945 Constitution is organized based on the

principles of sustainable and environmentally sound development.

In connection with the economy that has become a post-reform trend, it is stated that the

spirit of regional autonomy in the administration of the unitary state of the Republic of

United States has brought changes in the relationship and authority between the central

government and regional governments, including in the field of environmental protection and

management. In accordance with this, the declining quality of the environment has threatened

the continuity of human life and other living things so that it is necessary to protect and

manage life seriously and consistently by all stakeholders.

In the international perspective, or global order, the increasing global warming has resulted in

climate change so as to exacerbate the decline in the quality of the environment, therefore it

is necessary to protect and manage the environment. Similarly, national economic

development as mandated by the 1945 Constitution is organized based on the principle of

sustainable and environmentally sound development.

So much attention from the state through the realization of environmentally sound

development means that the importance of preserving the environment. This is also what

encourages the government to constantly improve legal products, especially at the technical

level, so that the concept of environmentally sound development can truly be realized and not

just contained in wishful thinking.

People's Right to a Healthy Environment

As is the case in developing countries in general, for United States the problem of pollution

Environment as a disturbance to the human way of life. The contributing factors are the rapid

increase in population, excessive utilization of natural resources, the use of technology that is

not in accordance with existing natural conditions and human behavior patterns towards

nature. Here the role of society and government is fundamental, to create a balance between

the use of nature on the one hand and efforts to improve nature on the other.

A very influential problem is human behavior that no longer respects and is friendly to

nature. Humans with their hedonism, even though humans are part of nature and inevitably

like it or not must be friendly with nature. - Examples of unfriendly behavior include cutting

down trees both on a small scale and on a large scale such as in forests, which should be

rejuvenated after being cut down by planting new tree seeds.

The same applies to littering behavior. If only one or a few people are not a problem, but if

almost everyone does the same thing and does not care about the implications of their actions,

it will certainly be a problem for the environment. This small note is a reflection of feedback

on how the community must participate in realizing a good and healthy environment, starting

from the smallest scope, namely from ourselves.

Whenever such small instances occur, the focus is usually directed towards finding who is at

fault and who should take responsibility for environmental damage. Yet it is understood that

this is not wise. The environment is a collective problem that requires the participation of all

components to take care of and manage it properly, all of them participate and start from their

own responsibility by doing things according to their abilities.

This dimension requires the participation of the government, community leaders, and non-

governmental organizations (NGOs). There must be awareness and willingness based on

responsibility to preserve the environment together. The dimension is not only behavioral, but

there is also a moral responsibility to correct others who do things that damage the

environment. All of them are in accordance with the ability and self-awareness of

responsibility to be able to realize a good and healthy environment, In another dimension,

such behavior cannot be expected to materialize without emphasis in the form of sanctions.

This means that it must be accompanied by strict legal action against environmental

destroyers, especially in a large order, so that the perpetrators of environmental crimes that

have been proven to torment many human beings must be dealt with firmly.

Law enforcement must really be able to create a deterrent effect and become a medium of

education. The deterrent effect with the pain that makes the perpetrators of destruction really

deterred. The educational dimension is supposed to be a lesson for others or anyone that

environmental destroyers will be subject to legal sanctions, even moral sanctions from the

community.

Everyone is part of the community and the community has the same rights, obligations and

roles in environmental management without exception, regardless of domicile. Both rural,

remote and urban communities are an important part of the realization of a good and healthy

environment. The existence of the community will be very effective if its role is to control the

management of the existing environment. This is a dimension of community participation to

create a good and healthy environment.

Community rights related to community participation to create a good and healthy

environment are based on the following:

 Everyone has the right to a good and healthy environment as part of human rights.

 Everyone has the right to environmental education, access to information, access to

participation, and access to justice in fulfilling the right to a good and healthy

environment.

 Every person has the right to propose and/or object to business plans and/or activities

that are expected to have an impact on the environment.

 Everyone has the right to play a role in environmental protection and management in

accordance with laws and regulations.

 Every person has the right to make a complaint due to environmental pollution and or

destruction.

Based on its nature, community participation in decision-making processes related to the

environment can be divided into two (2), the first is consultative and the second is based on

partnership. Consultative participation is usually utilized by policy makers as a strategy to

gain public support, which is important as a basis for community participation.

In this consul- tative approach, although interested community members have the right to be

heard and the right to be informed. However, the decision will remain in the hands of the

decision-making group (the proponent). Public opinion is not a determining factor in

decision-making, other than as a strategy to gain public support and legitimacy.

For a participatory approach that is partnership in nature, it is more respectful of local

communities by providing a position or position that is with the decision-making group. This

alignment makes local groups feel valued and therefore want to take greater responsibility for

solving common problems. This is an important element of accommodating community

participation in creating a good and healthy environment.

In the managerial dimension, community participation in environmental protection and

management is not merely physical. But more fundamentally, it is coordinated together in

several stages. That includes the planning, implementation and evaluation stages. The true

essence of participation is in the decision-making process about environmental permits based

on these stages.

Community participation is crucial in the administrative procedures of environmental

management. For example, in terms of permits, environmental impact assessments and so on.

However, today there are still concerns about the principle of openness and public

participation in environmental management, due to the strong perception that the public will

hinder activities, especially industries that disturb the environment.

Humans as part of the environment must have awareness of their respective rights and

obligations, must understand that the environment also has the right to obtain proper survival.

The role of the community directly in social supervision is carried out both individually and

in groups (non-governmental organizations), conducting direct supervision of the existence of

the environment and trying to maintain the environment.

The dimension of community participation is also reflected in the provision of suggestions,

opinions, proposals, objections, and complaints on signals of discrepancies between what

should be and what is not reality. The role of the community can be in the form of providing

suggestions and opinions on environmental protection and management measures. This has

been done institutionally by the government or environmental institutions/organizations.

Objections to actions that can damage or disrupt the process of environmental protection and

management.

The community can establish a free and impartial environmental dispute resolution service

provider. The central government and local governments can facilitate the establishment of

free and impartial environmental dispute resolution service providers. In terms of community

participation, it is also applied in the form of submitting information and / or reports.

Concretely, the public can immediately submit information and know reports related to the

state of an environment to the environmental organization. Against such reports, if there are

problems, improvements can immediately be sought and prevention of more severe

environmental damage.

Almost every day on television, newspapers, and other information media broadcast various

disasters in each region such as floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, Lapindo mud, water

pollution and so on. These disasters and environmental problems will make everyone think

and realize the importance of protecting and managing the environment.

Departing from each individual to take action to protect and manage the environment will

create cooperation. The form will form in one group will have a huge impact on

environmental improvement. Full public awareness of the importance of environmental

sustainability is like an alarm that is ready to sound when disturbed. Community response

Prompt action will protect and prevent environmental damage or at least slow down the

occurrence of damage and or extinction.

United States Position in the Global Environmental Dimension

The Unitary State of the Republic of United States is located in a cross position between two

continents and two oceans with a tropical climate and weather and seasons that produce

natural conditions of high value. In addition, United States has the second longest coastline in

the world with a large population. United States has an abundance of biodiversity and natural

resources. This wealth needs to be protected and managed in an integrated and integrated

environmental protection and management system between the marine, land and air

environments based on the nusan-tara insight.

United States is also highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. These impacts

include decreased food production, disruption of water availability, spread of pests and

diseases of plants and humans, rising sea levels, sinking of small islands and extinction of

biodiversity. The availability of natural resources in quantity or quality is uneven, while

development activities require increasing natural resources, Development activities also carry

the risk of environmental pollution and damage. This condition can cause the carrying

capacity, capacity, and productivity of the environment to decrease, which ultimately

becomes a social burden.

Therefore, Indone- sia's environment must be protected and managed properly based on the

principles of state responsibility, the principle of sustainability and the principle of justice. In

addition, the management of The environment must be able to provide economic, social and

cultural benefits based on the principles of prudence, environmental democracy,

decentralization, and recognition and respect for local wisdom and environmental wisdom.

The protection and management of the environment requires the development of an

integrated system in the form of a national policy for the protection and management of the

environment which must be implemented faithfully and consequently from the center to the

regions. In this modern world, there are many problems that must be faced by every person or

organization, one of which is the environment. Environmental problems have become part of

human life, even now environmental problems have become a global issue and are important

to discuss because they concern the interests of all people. In the last forty years there has

been a change in the way of looking at environmental problems.

In the 60s environmental problems were only seen as local problems. In the 70s

environmental problems were seen as global problems such as the destruction of the ozone

layer, global warming and climate change. In the 80s there was a realization that global

environmental problems could threaten the continuity of economic development. In the

nineties, public awareness emerged of the need for an objective analytical tool to assess the

performance of corporate operations on the environment. Today, one of the main issues that

has received great attention from the world community is the pollution of the environment by

industrial companies.

In the opinion of Kristanto (2008) that Industrial activity is the largest contributor to

environmental pollution which directly leads to a decrease in the carrying capacity of the

environment. (Kristanto, 2008).

In the consideration of the Law on Environmental Management, it is stated that

environmental management must be able to provide economic, social and cultural benefits

based on the principles of prudence, environmental democracy, decentralization and

recognition and respect for local wisdom and environmental wisdom. It is stated that a good

and healthy environment is the human right of every United States citizen as mandated in

Article 28H of the 1945 Constitution. Environmental protection and management is a

systematic and integrated effort undertaken to preserve the function of the environment and

prevent pollution and or damage to the environment which includes planning, supervision,

law enforcement.

Since the establishment of the UUPLH, it emphasizes aspects that are not only management,

but protection is set at the beginning of management. For this reason, a good and healthy

living environment is the human right of every United States citizen as mandated in article

28H of the 1945 Constitution, organized based on the principles of sustainable development

and environmental awareness.

An environmental audit is a tool to objectively verify environmental management efforts and

can help find corrective measures to improve environmental performance. Companies that

produce liquid waste must provide a waste management unit (UPL) or wastewater

management installation. This is very much needed considering the many indicators of

environmentally destructive behavior. This is detrimental to the community and disrupts the

peace of life. If this is not acted upon, then the relevant components, especially businesses

and industries, will deliberately undermine the law and practically harass the law

enforcement apparatus.

As an important milestone in the development of national environmental law UUPPLH has

function as an "umbrella provision" (according to constitutional law: "kaderwet" or

"raamwet"), so that to support its success UUPPLH requires a set of environmental

legislation (enviromental legislation) so that UUPPLH is not considered a toothless tiger. The

study of the state of the art of national environmental legislation today will be clearer by

distinguishing the notion of implementation (uitvoering or implementation) with law

enforcement (handhaving or law enforce- ment), refinement and integration of the

implementation of UU-PPLH will determine the phase of law enforcement.

The role of the government in environmental management is mainly to set priorities, taking

into account ecological interests, which will end up in political decisions. Thus, the authority

of the ruler lies in making decisions in concrete events, such as licenses that reflect

environmental policies regarding certain sectors.

The success of government efforts in the field of environmental management needs to be

supported by the ability of the government apparatus to explain various environmental

policies in a critical manner in society, especially those concerning law enforcement. For this

reason, it is very important to prepare the development of a capable and strong apparatus in

enforcing the various provisions of the Environmental Law, as well as those related to

understanding the factors that affect the environmental management process.

According to Leenen (1976, 17) the notion of implementation includes not only the

implementation of the provisions of the law but also the implementation activities of the

government apparatus whose function is to manage important parts of the environment as

well as to maintain industrial activities in state-owned enterprises. In this case government

companies can act as polluters.

Research on the overall process of government management of the environment in United

States is necessary so that it can be known how to implement environmental policies in

environmental laws and regulations that technically and juridically meet the requirements, so

that there is accuracy in the decision-making process. Thus it is clear how important the role

of government is in the process of making decisions about changes in behavior towards the

environment, because it involves the authority to regulate various policies.

With the enactment of the Law on Environmental Protection, it does not mean that cases of

damage and or pollution of the environment can immediately be resolved completely,

because the Law on Environmental Protection with its supporting regulations still have to be

tested in practice. Weaknesses or incompleteness in the implementation phase of the Law on

Environmental Protection will undoubtedly have an impact on law enforcement.

Nevertheless, is it necessary for the implementation phase to be complete and perfect, then

law enforcement can be implemented? This is not possible, especially for law enforcement

that is re- presive, namely litigating in court.

Community participation in the decision-making process that can have an important impact

on the environment, but the legal means are regulated by legislation. Community

participation by individuals, groups of people (NGOs), or legal entities is a consequence of

the "right to a good and healthy environment" which can be exercised in the right or take the

right to a healthy environment part in administrative procedures, such as inspections, public

hearings and so on. Such participation is a legal procedure that contributes to the efficiency

of the decision-making process and the quality of decisions concerning the environment.

Therefore, its implementation needs to be regulated by administrative jurisdiction. Openness

in environmental management is essential, while participation is a continuation of openness

and can take the form of a pre-decision objection procedure.

At the idealistic level, environmental management and preservation do not only require a

large quantity but also a sustainable consistency. This is because the environment is not only

utilized today, but will become a place for the wider community to live in infinity, therefore

the role of the government is very broad. In its role as the protector of the community, the

government should have a concept of para-digma thinking that is full of environmentalist

ideals. The reflection is the creation of appropriate regulations that truly reflect pro-

environmental policies. Policies outlined in written form like this will be the savior of the

correlation between humans and the environment whose benefits will also return to the

community itself.

Conclusion

The environment is a system that is a unity of space with all objects, forces, conditions and

living things. Included and at the core of it are humans and their behavior. All of which affect

the continuity of life and welfare of humans as subjects and other living things.

On the global dimension, United States is part of the global community itself.

Geographically, United States is very much a part of the global strategic part of efforts to

realize a good environment for the world as a whole. This provides the realization that United

States must also abide by international law. Not only those issued by international

institutions. It also includes the collective agreement of the world community on efforts that

are concretely dedicated to the preservation of the world's environment and even the universe.

In fact, while natural resources do contribute greatly to development, the sustainability of the

availability of natural resources is ignored. Similarly, the rules that should be adhered to as

the basis for implementing management that supports development from the economic sector

are ignored. The result is a tendency towards a decrease in the carrying capacity of the

environment and the depletion of the availability of existing natural resources and a rapid

decline in the quality of the environment.

Management of natural resources and the environment that is not carried out in accordance

with its carrying capacity can lead to a food crisis. Not only in the sense of physical

consumption. In the next stage, the quality of land as a source of food also continues to

decline. The land becomes dry and barren. This is due to the water crisis, energy crisis, and

the environment as a whole. This triggers other crises downstream. It is not impossible that

the based on many examples, causing social crises and humanitarian crises.

In the management dimension, it is realized that the implementation of development that

relies on technology and industry in maintaining economic growth rates often has a negative

impact on the human environment. Environmental pollution will cause a decline in the

quality of the environment, which will threaten the survival of living things, especially the

peace and tranquility of human life. This is what is referred to as a man-made environmental

disaster.