ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE DUE TO THE IMPACT OF
GLOBALIZATION IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF BUSINESS ETHICS
Introduction
Globalization began in 1960 and continues to occur today, marked by the movement
of ideas, people, goods, and technology (Scholte, 2000). Globalization events can occur due
to the role of a multinational company. Since 1970, multinational companies have started
aggressive economic activities that cross the company's borders. The economic activities of
multinational companies are carried out in an expansive and exploitative manner. Expansive
and exploitative economic activities can be concluded that multinational companies do not
care about the impacts caused by their economic activities. The result is the emergence of
several environmental problems such as soil, water, and air pollution, sound, destruction of
forests, beaches, mountains and plants. Environmental problems can threaten human life and
cause environmental damage that can cause natural disasters (Amri, 2011).
The region targeted by globalization is the Asia-Pacific region such as United States.
Multinational companies are targeting the Asia-Pacific region because the region provides
cheap human resources and has a green, vast, and rich natural resource area (Amri, 2011).
Until now, there are many multinational companies that have been established in the Asia-
Pacific Region and especially in United States. Examples of multinational companies in
United States are Semen United States, Garudafood, Indofood, Adidas, Asus, Honda,
Google, McDonald's, Samsung and many more.
Dozens of multinational companies in United States have different impacts of
globalization. For example, Indofood and Garudafood, which are engaged in the food and
beverage sector, can cause environmental damage due to food and beverage packaging
waste (IDN Financials, 2020), Semen United States damages the environment due to mining
activities for cement raw materials (Detiknews, 2017), Adidas, which is a fashion company,
also contributes waste that can damage the environment such as leftover fashion materials
that are no longer used (ITS News, 2022) and Honda, which is a motor vehicle
manufacturer, can damage the environment with smoke from motor vehicles produced
(Wahana Honda, 2022).
This paper aims to explain and prove facts related to globalization and its effects on
the environment in United States based on the perspective of business ethics. First, this
paper will explain some examples of globalization and its effects on the environment.
Secondly, this paper will relate the findings in the first part with the theory of business ethics
based on ethics and business experts.
Theoretical Foundation
Globalization in English globalization is a term that has been used since 1951.
According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary (2011), globalization is the development of a
globally integrated economy over time characterized by free trade, free flow of capital and
the entry of cheaper foreign labor markets. Globalization has both positive and negative
impacts. The positive impacts of globalization are an increasingly advanced society, a
growing work ethic, the growth of broad market conditions, new cultural exchanges, and an
open and accessible social space (Gramedia Blog). Meanwhile, the negative impacts of
globalization are a large number of imported products, reduced employment due to foreign
workers, dependence of developing countries on developed countries, fading of original
cultural values, and environmental damage (Gramedia Blog). Examples of globalization are
export and import activities becoming easier, buying and selling online through e-
commerce, cooperation between countries in the economic field, easier free trade and many
more (Katadata, 2022).
The problem of environmental degradation has been fully realized since 1960. The
cause of environmental damage comes from modern businesses that use advanced science
and technology to produce. Large-scale production can damage the environment because it
uses natural resources freely and without rules. Examples include chemical companies that
dispose of hazardous waste into open waters (rivers, lakes and seas) and machinery
companies that discharge residual exhaust gases without filtering into the free air. The
unregulated activities of modern companies can cause damage on a global scale such as the
accumulation of toxic materials in waters that cause water pollution, the greenhouse effect
due to pollution that causes the Earth's surface temperature to rise, the destruction of the
ozone layer due to air pollution, acid rain that can damage buildings and forests,
deforestation and desertification, and biodiversity that is reduced due to natural destruction
(Bertens, 2016).
Research Methods
The research methodology used is a literature study by collecting data and facts, reading
and recording, and processing the findings by connecting them with the theory of business
ethics based on Bertens (2016).
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
Results And Discussion
Environmental damage due to globalization has been noticed since 1960 (Bertens,
2016). In United States, environmental damage currently has a major impact on society.
Natural disasters are one of the effects of environmental damage due to globalization. Flash
floods are one example of the most frequent disasters in United States with as many as 550
cases of flash floods occurring in United States in 2022 (BNPB, 2022). Not only flash
floods, landslides, abrasion, drought, and forest fires can be caused by current globalization
(BNPB, 2022).
The beginning of globalization is due to the industrial revolution in England in the last
century 18. At that time, there were many negative complaints from industry about the
environment. The industrial revolution resulted in cities that were bleak and dirty due to
smoke pollution from industrial machinery. Dwellings in industrial areas had a dark
atmosphere, soot, and unpleasant odors (Bertens, 2016).
Today, pollution due to globalization caused by modern business has reached a global
stage and is not limited to a few industrialized areas. All business sectors even agriculture
and animal husbandry also contribute to general pollution. This has led to an environmental
crisis because as a result of pollution and environmental destruction, the continuation of life
itself is threatened on earth including humans (Bertens, 2016).
Karl Marx said that changes in quantity can lead to changes in quality. If one factory
chimney emits thick black smoke into the free air, there will be no air pollution. However, if
millions of factory chimneys do the same, it will cause air pollution and can make it difficult
for humans and animals to breathe. The crux of the environmental problem is that modern
business utilizing advanced science and technology has taxed nature beyond the threshold of
tolerance. Nature must be utilized using limits, maintaining wholeness and balance in order
to survive (Bertens, 2016). But today, nature has been exploited, such as the gold mine in
Papua, Freeport (Tempo, 2017). Continuous exploitation can damage the environment and
the ecosystem in it (Bertens. 2016).
The problem of environmental degradation is not limited to just one region. However,
environmental problems occur in all regions in various countries. Currently, environmental
degradation has reached a global level. There are six main factors, namely the accumulation
of toxic substances, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain,
deforestation and desertification, and the death of life forms (Bertens, 2016).
Although humans are part of nature. However, only humans can be responsible for
environmental damage. The content of responsibility based on the context of economics and
business is to preserve the environment or utilize natural data sources accordingly such that
the quality of the environment is not reduced, but is of the same quality as before (Bertens,
2016).
Based on rights theory and deontology, moral rights always exist because humans have
moral rights to everything necessary to live properly as human beings. This means that
humans are able to fulfill their capabilities as rational and free living beings. Rights in the
true sense always presuppose a rational and free subject. However, rights cannot be denied
in the same way as human obligations. The obligation of responsibility for protecting the
environment cannot be passed down to children and grandchildren. However, the duty and
obligation of humans is to preserve nature so that it can become a right for the children and
grandchildren of the next generation (Bertens, 2016).
The theory of utilitarianism can be used as the basis for the responsibility to preserve
the environment. It is clear that the environment cannot be treated as an economic tool.
Calculating profits by using the environment as an economic tool is not in accordance with
the theory of utilitarianism because according to utilitarianism an action is right if it brings
pleasure to many people. If the impact on the environment is not taken into account in the
benefit cost, the approach becomes unethical because environmental damage is imposed on
others (Bertens. 2016).
Justice is the basis for the responsibility to preserve the environment. Justice to
conserve the environment is distributive, which means justice that obliges humans to share
fairly. The environment is a matter of scarcity and therefore must be shared fairly. It is
unfair for the first generation to utilize nature to the point of destruction and for the next
generation to be responsible for preserving nature.
Conclusions
Environmental damage due to globalization may occur and cannot be prevented.
However, based on the business ethics theories of rights and deontology, utilitarianism, and
justice, every modern company that globalizes or not must take part in the responsibility of
preserving the environment so that human survival on earth can last.
