8 key terms: !
"1. : the tendency to believe that oneÕs culture and way of life are Ethnocentrism
superior to all others. The ethnocentric Person judges others groups and Other cultures
by the standards of His or her own group.!
2 : a negative attitude toward an entire category of people. Prejudice !
"3. : denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and Discrimination
groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons. !
4. : refers to the use of race-neutral principles to defend the Color blind Racism
racially unequal status quo.!
"5. : unreliable generalizations about all members of a group and do stereotypes
not take individual di erences into account.ff !
"6. : part of the Marxist tradition in sociological thought. Karl exploitation theory
Marx emphasized exploitation of the lower class as an integral part of capitalism.!
"7. scapegoating theory: conveys that prejudiced people believe they are
societyÕs victims.!
"8. : ethnic slurs which include derisive nicknames such as ethnophaulisms
honky, gook, and wetback. Ethnophaulisms also include speaking to or about
members of a particular group in a negative way.!
Chapter 2 (Prejudice) review questions!
1. Q: How are prejudice and discrimination both related and unrelated to each other?
A: The deÞnition of prejudice is negative attitudes toward an entire category of people,
and discrimination is negative toward a group. In the text, it states prejudice is learned
from books, television and the internet all teach it. Discrimination is the denial of
opportunities and equal rights to individual and groups and involves behavior that
excludes members of a group from privileges. However, prejudice seems to have more
effect on someone's belief on disliking an entire group. For this reason, I believe both
aspects have related qualities. When it comes to disliking or portraying a certain
negative attitude towards an ethnic group based on a privilege or skin color. Instead,
these both key terms do have unrelated qualities that seem to di er in real life situation ff
such as if a person hires all a certain minority group because he or she thinks they are
intelligent or doesnÕt have a work ethic to determine if the personÕs qualiÞed for the
position is an example of discrimination.!
4. Q: What is the impact of stereotypes on how we interact with others? !
A: The impact of stereotypes on how we interact with others, it plays a powerful
role in how others come to see dominant and minority groups. In the chapter, it states
how scientiÞc studies have illustrated the awareness of unreliable assumptions about
all members of certain human groups but donÕt take individual di erences into the ff
factor. Which research has shown how the people have the willingness to label positive
and negative traits to entire groups of people, which comes to stick on that individuals.
The impact of this has made people believe that blacks are superstitious whites are
uncaring and Jews as shrewd without really coming into the understanding of what
each group is about. I believe that the impact of stereotypes has been fueled by the
mass media such as movies, TV, music and more that portrays negative images or
false evidence towards dominate and subordinate groups. Which aids peoples
perception of stereotypes and how to label of others ethnicities. !
5. Q: How is color blind expressed? !
A: Color-blind racism is expressed in a way to use race-neutral principles to defend
the racially unequal status quo or agenda. I believe this is method is to exclude others
nationalists from not receiving or beneÞting from opportunities that other racial groups
receive. For example, the textbook states ÒHealthcare is for allÓ but some may not have
job insurance so they most likely cannot a ord health care. Another way to refer this ff
concept is to aversive racism or a common them which indicates of racial inferiority
barely expressed and that continues color-blind into the distant future that will preserve
inequality. For this reason, I believe that this Color-blind racism is discriminative
towards a minority groups development and receiving opportunities that can enhance
their life in society.!
8. Q: Describe the e orts to reduce prejudice through education and the mass media? ff !
A: The e orts to reduce prejudice through education and the mass media are being to ff
reduce negative attitude toward a whole group of people which this behavior is
learned. Therefore, education is being used to create projects that had a positive e ect ff
on reducing this issue. The result maybe temporarily because a program is not really
insufficient to change a long-life habit that has been learned especially if nothing is
done to stimulate the programÕs message once it is completed. However, a college
education may not prejudice su ciently. For instance, some white classmates might ffi
believe that minority classmates did not earn their admission into college. Students can
feel threatened to see larger groups of people that have di erent racial and cultural ff
backgrounds that are forming in own group. In contrast, has mass media meanly
schools, may reduce prejudice with needing a designed program. What e ect does ff
prejudice have if the content is racist or anti-sexist, the conclusions on mass mediaÕs
effect is risky but the evidence points to a measurable e ect. In this section, it states ff
how youth less than 14 years of age are children of color in the United States, but the
few faces they see on television reßects their race or cultural heritage. To me, it is was
really not surprising that young people quickly develop roles to various racial and
ethnic group members in television and movies. Because the national survey was
inducted on teens that were asked what characters members of subordinate and
minority groups they would be likely to play. The table shows signiÞcant amounts of
stereotyping as choosing to be a gangster instead of a lawyer or engineer. I believe this
table shows the mindsets of them of what they wanted to become from the inßuence of
mass media.!
