THE QURAN AND HADITH AS A SOURCE

THE QURAN AND HADITH AS A SOURCE

If ethics makes reason the source and morality makes customs the source, but morality in

Islam makes the Qur'an and Hadith as the source. The Qur'an is the Word of Allah SWT whose truth

is absolute. There wasn't a single word in doubt. Thus, the hadith of the Prophet is also the second

source of Islamic law. Thus, the truth of moral rules is absolute. It does not mean that in carrying out

morals there is no need for reason, in fact, the role of reason is very urgent in distinguishing between

good and bad. But the guidance of revelation is absolutely necessary so that in its search the intellect

can find the true truth. 2. General and universal The moral teachings contained in the Qur'an are

general and universal, meaning that wherever and whenever they are still valid and up to date. This

in Allah, everything that is done will be rewarded by Allah. The goodness that is planted will produce

goodness in the sight of Allah SWT. 7. In accordance with the clean nature of the Morals contained

in the Islamic rules are based on the nature of human beings. The tendency of human nature to seek

the truth strengthens the moral code that teaches good and prohibits evil. C. The relationship

between Sufism and Taswuf morals is the process of approaching oneself to God (Allah) by purifying

the heart. A holy heart can not only be close to God, but can also see God (al-ma'rifah). In Sufism, it

is stated that Allah the Most Holy cannot be approached except by a pure heart. As has been

explained, morality is the image of the heart (alqalb) from which deeds arise. If the heart is pure and

clean, then what will come out are good deeds (akhlak mahmudah). On the other hand, if the heart

is dirty and full of sin, then what will appear are bad deeds (morals of mazmumah). If the science of

Ada' al-wajibat (performing obligations), (3) Ada' al-nafilat (doing circumcision things) and (4)

riyadhah (spiritual practice as taught by the Prophet). Disobedience can cause the human heart to

become dirty, dark and rusty so that the heart does not function and even dies. In the opinion of the

Sufis, there are three types of the state of the heart: (1) the dead heart is the heart of the infidels, (2)

the living heart is the heart of the believer and (3) the heart of the person who is sometimes alive and

sometimes dead, namely the heart of the fafiq and hypocrites. When the Prophet was asked about

the difference between believers and hypocrites. The Messenger replied, the believers are happy in

prayer, fasting and worship. Meanwhile, hypocrites have pleasure in eating and drinking like animals.

Hatim al-'Asam, a tabiin scholar, added that the indicator of believers is that humans are busy with

thinking and wisdom, while hypocrites are busy with long obsessions of wishful thinking. Believers

correct and honest in his words, not

Actualization of Morals in Daily Life 1. Morals to Allah SWT a. Worship Allah as proof of His

submission and obedience.

b. Al-Hubb, loving Allah more than love for anything c. Dhikr, which is always remembering Allah in

all conditions and situations, whether spoken with the mouth or in the heart. d. Praying to Allah, that

is, asking Allah for anything. Prayer is the core of worship and is an acknowledgment of human

limitations and inabilities. e. Repentance, an attitude of regret for the bad deeds that have been

committed. f. Tawakkal to Allah, surrender completely to Allah after doing the utmost effort. g.

Tawadhu' to Allah, feeling humble before Allah. Acknowledging that he is humble and despicable

before God Almighty. h. Be grateful, thank Allah for all the blessings he gives by utilizing these

to stay in touch with your parents' relatives. 3. Morals to fellow human beings a. Mutual respect,

respect and courtesy b. Mutual Help c. Mutual advice d. Forgiving If all of this is realized, a safe and

prosperous society will be created.

Morality to Yourself a. Maintain self-purity and do not abuse yourself b. Maintain personal

health c. Paying attention to their own rights both physically and psychologically d. Patience and self-

control. 5. Morals towards the environment a. Prosper the earth and manage natural resources (Hud,

11:16). b. It does not cause damage on the face of the earth (Alqashas, 28:77). E. Associations and

Clothing in Islam Islam as a religion brings benefits to provide limitations in association, including:

a. Keeping the eyes from looking at the opposite sex excessively (Q.S an-Nur: 30-31)

There is no difference between a man and a woman who is not a muhrim, because this is very

the public power entrusted to them. In the treasures of classical Islamic legal thought (fiqh), corrupt

behavior has not received an adequate portion of discussion, when the jurists talk about the crime

of improperly eating human property (akl amwal al-nas bi al-bathil) as prohibited in the Qur'an, but

when referring to the origin of corruption (corrup), it can mean damaging (in the form of fraud) or

In the context of the broader teachings of Islam, corruption is an act that goes against the

principles of justice (al-'is), accountability (al-amanah), and responsibility. Corruption with all its

negative impacts that cause various distortions to the life of the state and society can be categorized

including façade deeds, damage to the earth, which is also very cursed by Allah swt. In Islamic

terminology, it is known that the term is almost the same as corruption, namely Risywah (bribery),

only this risywah only concerns part of the term corruption, namely bribery between a person and

another person in exchange for a certain amount of money in exchange for a job or position. The term

corruption is much more than just bribery because corruption includes manipulation, extortion,

mark-up, and disbursement of public funds in disguise and hiding behind constitutional evidence,

with the intention of obtaining large profits illegally from what should be obtained according to the

level and degree of one's work. Experts define corruption as follows: 1. Kartono (1983) defines

corruption as the behavior of individuals who use authority and position to pursue personal gain,

detrimental to the public interest and the state. Thus corruption is a symptom of the misuse and

by using formal authority and power (e.g. for legal reasons and the power of arms) to enrich oneself.

2 paragraph 1 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes, is any person who unlawfully

commits an act of enriching himself or another person or a corporation that can harm the state

finances or the state economy. From a legal point of view, corruption crimes generally include the

following elements: 1. Unlawful acts; 2. Abuse of authority, opportunity, or means; 3. Enriching

Factors Causing Corruption 1. Internal factors: It is a factor from within the perpetrator

anymore. However, there is an assumption that corruption is functional because it is said to be able

to improve a person's economic status. The opinion that corruption is functional at this time is

increasingly irrelevant. In addition to the functional perception of corruption, acts of corruption are

often caused by a lack of knowledge about corrupt behavior. b. Morality and individual integrity: The

issue of morality is often related to the understanding and internalization of religious values in a

person. The denial of these religious principles renders the individual devoid of morality. This issue

of personal integrity is very important because as Prof. Taverne said, "Give me a good judge and

prosecutor, then by

External Factors: It is factors outside the perpetrators that provide opportunities for the

emergence of corrupt behavior and legal systems and structures, politics, corporate culture, social

institution apparatus, both management and all levels of employees, which are formed and

Forms of Corruption 1. Bribery is a criminal act that involves a number of gifts to a person in

such a way that it is contrary to his duties and responsibilities. Something given as a bribe does not

have to be money, but can be in the form of valuables, references to privileges, benefits or promises

inflating (froud). Embezzlement is a form of corruption that involves the theft of money, property, or

valuables. By someone who is given the mandate to maintain and take care of the money, property

or valuables. Inflation is integrated into the practice of using information in order to voluntarily

transfer assets or goods. 3. Extortion: Extortion means the use of threats of violence or the

appearance of destructive information to persuade someone to cooperate. In this case, the

incumbent can become an extortion or a victim of extortion. 4. Nepotism (nepotism): The word

nepotism comes from the Latin word "nepos" which means "nephew" (nephew). Nepotism means

choosing family or close friends based on relationship concerns, not because of their abilities.

Towards sustainable development, Corruption in the form of collusion between corrupt

Harming the State Corruption is of course very detrimental to the state's finances. Kwik Kian Gie,

former Chairman of Bappenas, said that more than Rp 300 trillion in funds from tax evasion, state

budget leakage, and embezzlement of natural resources evaporated into the pockets of corruptors.

Corruption makes it difficult for democracy and good governance In the world of politics,

corruption makes it difficult for democracy and good governance. Corruption in elections and in

legislatures reduces accountability and representation in the establishment of policy; corruption in

the court system stops the legal order; and corruption in public government produces imbalances in

public services. In general, corruption erodes the institutional capabilities of the government, due to

The country's general welfare Political corruption exists in many countries, and poses a great

threat to its citizens. Political corruption means that government policy often benefits the bribe-giver,

not the wider people. Another example is how politicians make regulations that protect large

companies, but harm small companies. These "pro-business" politicians only return help to large

corporations that make large donations to their election campaigns. 8. Lack of Public Trust in

Government Officials The amount of corruption that occurs among government officials. So as to

give the public insight that government officials are very easy to commit these crimes. From the

Government, which should be a role model and who must protect and prosper its people, instead

miserable its people by stealing State money that can be used for the welfare of the community. 9.

For the Poor, Corruption is also what makes the poor suffer more and more. Because if there is

How to Eradiate Corruption Eradicating corruption is not an easy job, especially in this

beloved land of Indonesia, because corruption has become a kind of disease that always eats away

at the human body and occurs in all lines and sectors of the life of the nation and state. Therefore, it

eradicate corruption include the following. 1. Increasing the Appreciation of Religious Teachings

Increase the knowledge, practice and appreciation of religious teachings to its adherents, so that

religious people can grasp the essence of the religious teachings and the positive impact of the

religious teachings can be infused to attach to the actions and behaviors

Straightening Religious Understanding Straightening out the religious understanding referred

to here is to straighten out the religious understanding that giving something infaq/shodaqah to

anyone will get a reward when the money or property that is infaked/donated comes from what is

halal and not from what is haram. If the money/wealth comes from what is halal, then a good will get

a reward seven hundred times, as reflected in the Word of Allah SWT which means: The parable (the

is Vast and Knowing. And if it is the other way around (from the haram), then the infaq/shodaqah will

not get any reward except the reward of evil/sin, as the hadith of the Prophet which means: It is not

accepted for one's prayer except in a holy state and it is not accepted for one's alms that comes from

fraud. 3. Changing the System As mentioned earlier, one of the reasons why a person commits a

corruption crime is due to opportunities and opportunities supported by a system that is very

conducive to committing corruption. For this reason, the system must be changed and improved so

that everyone does not have the opportunity and opportunity to commit corruption. One of the

problems that must be fixed is the inherent supervision from his superiors, the absence of lubricating

practice of religion, because there are many other causes that cause a person to be mentally good.

even the civil servant must be given a salary so that he can live a decent life like everyone else with

adequate facilities.

It is a habit for us Indonesians that every person becomes a high-ranking official in a

family, as a result he is required to commit acts of corruption to meet the needs of his family,

moreover, the demand for these needs comes from people who are very influential to him such as

wives, mothers, brothers and others. Apart from that, in our culture it would be considered stupid

when he has nothing beyond his income, while he occupies an important position, as a result of

which he is forced to commit corruption. This culture must be changed and made into a family, it will

feel embarrassed when one person from his family helps another family with money from corruption

even though he is a high-ranking official. Therefore, it is better for the person concerned not to help

his family, if the aid money comes from the proceeds of corruption. 7. Eliminating Habits and

Togetherness Eliminating habits and togetherness in committing corruption, because in reality

corruption has become a habit for those who have the opportunity and opportunity to do so, plus this

corruption practice has been carried out by many people, and even carried out in congregations. For

this reason, this habit must be prevented and eradicated to the roots, so that it disappears

completely from the earth of Indonesia.

Improving Law Enforcement. Our law enforcement is indeed very weak even though the rules

are very complete, that's why people are not afraid to commit corruption repeatedly. Therefore, the

enforcement of this law must be carried out indiscriminately and without favoritism with severe and

foster this guilt and shame. This can be done with a religious approach. 10. Cultivate the nature of

Honesty in oneself. This is felt very urgent because honesty is a very valuable asset for a person

culture of hard work. Fostering a culture of hard work must be made a top priority in preventing

These terms are Risywah which means bribery, Saraqah which means Theft, al-Gasysy or al-Ghulul

which means Deception, and Khiyanah which means Betrayal. These four terms are moral and

humanitarian languages that are expressly contained in the Quran and al-Hadith of the Prophet

PBUH. Theoretically, the position of corruption in Islamic law is a criminal act which in Islamic terms

firm. It is an act of theft and therefore the perpetrators of corruption must be punished. In the Qur'an,

Allah SWT says:

there are two sins that he commits. The first is a sin to the nation and state because he misuses the

country's finances and economy, and the second is a sin to Allah SWT because he betrays the trust

entrusted to him. In the Qur'an, Surah an-Nisa' verse 58, Allah SWT says:

Judging from the condition of the person who will perform the marriage, there are five

marriage laws: 1. Jaiz (permissible), which is the law of origin of marriage. 2. Circumcision, which is

for people who already have the desire to get married and have the ability to provide for themselves.

In addition, he can still protect himself from adultery. 3. Mandatory, namely for people who have the

ability to provide for their families, in addition to worrying about falling into immorality or adultery if

they do not get married immediately. 4. Makruh, which is when the person who performs marriage

Carrying out the commands of Allah and the sunnah of His Messenger

Prospective wife, the requirements: Islam, female, not mahram of the prospective husband, not in

Hajj/Umrah, at least 16 years old. 3. Sighat, an agreement consisting of ijab and qabul. 4. Bride's

guardian The requirements for guardianship are as follows: a. Resourceful. b. Puberty. c. Merdeka

(not slaves). d. Religious similarity. Therefore, it is not valid to be a guardian of the infidels for both

male and female Muslims. Likewise, it is not valid for Muslim guardianship for male or female infidels.

As for the infidels who become guardians for infidel women, even though they are of different

religions. And a person who leaves the religion (apostasy) cannot be a guardian for anyone. e. Fair,

Wise, that is, a person who is able to know equality (between the two couples) and the

benefits of marriage. h. The guardians must be in order according to the jurists. Therefore, it is not

allowed to pass through the nearest guardian, unless the nearest guardian is not present or does not

meet the requirements. A woman's guardian is her father, then the person she bequeaths to be her

guardian, then the grandfather from the father to the top, then the son, then the grandson to the

bottom. Then the biological brother, then the half-brother, then the child of both. Then the biological

uncle, then the father's uncle, then the child of both. Then the closest one from the side of the

descendants of the asobah as in the inheritance. Then the Muslim rulers (and the people who

replaced them such as

Judge) as a guardian for those who do not have guardianship. The words of the Prophet Muhammad

PBUH

The composition of the Wali that is considered valid to be the guardian of the bride is

according to the following order: a. The father b. His grandfather (father of the bride) c. Brothers who

are half-brothers with him d. The brother who is the same father as him e. The son of a brother who

Prohibition of Marriage 1. Prohibition of marriage due to blood relations This prohibition is

detailed in the Qur'an surah an-Nisa' verse 23 which among others says the prohibition of marrying

(1) mother, (2) daughter, (3) sister, (4) mother/aunt's sister, (5) father's sister, (7) daughter,

Therefore, by looking at the benefits or harms, there are four laws of talaq, namely: 1).

Mandatory. If there is a dispute between husband and wife, while the two judges who are in charge

of the case of the two have considered it necessary for the two to divorce. 2). Circumcision. If the

husband is no longer able to pay and meet his obligations (his maintenance), or the woman does not

maintain her honor. 3). Haram (bid'ah) in two circumstances. First, dropping talaq when the wife is

menstruating. Second, dropping talaq during the holy time that he has interfered with during the holy

time. The Prophet PBUH said, which means: "Tell your son so that he will refer (return) to his wife,

then let him continue the marriage until he is holy from menstruation, then he menstruation again

and then also be holy from the second menstruation. Then if he wishes, he may continue the

marriage as before, or if he wishes, divorce him before interfering. This is the iddah that Allah

commanded that women be talaq at that time." (Narrated by Hadith Experts)

Talak pronunciation There are two types of sentences used for divorce, namely: 1). Sarih (bright),

"go back to your family's house" or "go out of here" and so on. This sarcastic sentence depends on

the intention, meaning that if it is not intended for divorce, it will not fall into talaq. If the intention is

to impose talaq, then it becomes talaq c. Various types of thalak. Thalak according to its form, is

divided into: 1) Ila' is a husband's oath not to gather his wife for a reason. In the time of ignorance, a

the right to file a divorce lawsuit. 2) Lian is a mutual curse between husband and wife. Lian occurred

because one of the (husband/wife) accused the person of committing adultery, while the accused

insisted on denying the accusation. If this problem cannot be resolved, then both of them come

because one of the parties (husband/wife) is unable to perform its obligations. The reasons that can

be submitted by the fasakh include: The husband is seriously disabled. The husband does not