RELIGION IDEOLOGY AND CULTURE

RELIGION IDEOLOGY AND CULTURE

What is meant by that religion. Because there are several reasons why there are difficulties

in providing a definition of religion, including:

a. Religious experience is a subjective and individualistic inner matter

b. Strong enthusiasm and emotions arise when talking about religion

c. The conception of religion is influenced by the purpose of the person who provides the

understanding of the religion

d. Religion is something abstract, concerning a system of rituals, values and beliefs Thus, religion is

actually a basic human need to interact with the supernatural, in order to meet their physical and

the result of human contemplation, both based on revelation and reason.

c. Ideology is a teaching, doctrine, theory or science that is believed to be true, which is

systematically compiled and given instructions for its implementation in responding to and solving

problems faced in society, nation and state. This ideology is usually the result of the work of

philosophers or people who are willing and able to use their intellect to think about themselves and

their environment or everything that exists.

3. Culture Culture comes from the Sanskrit language, namely budayyah, which is a series of

words from budi which means intellect and power which means strength; So culture is things related

to the power of human reason. Like religion and ideology, culture can also be defined in several

senses, namely: a. Culture is the creation, taste and karsa of human beings b. Culture is the entire

of humans in society c. The form of culture as objects made by humans. d. The three cultural

phenomena must be realized, starting with the existence of ideas/ideas and followed up with

activities/activities, then it will produce a real/object work.

In daily life, it is often difficult to distinguish between religion, ideology and culture. All three can be

used as a guideline for life, although each has different values. Ideology can give birth to a culture, in

addition to ideology itself is a culture. Because culture is the creation, taste and karsa of human

beings in the broadest sense. Thus, ideology is culture but culture is not necessarily ideology.

Religion can be ideologized and cultivated, on the other hand, ideology and culture can be religiously

(made into a religion) in the teachings that they consider true. A religion that can be

cultured/ideologized is a religion that is manifested in daily life by its adherents so that it produces a

level. The image of religion will decline if it is perceived incorrectly as perceived by Westerners that

religion is an obstacle to progress. Cultivating religion or ideologizing religion means that human

behavior is completely in accordance with the teachings of their religion. In other words, religious

teachings are manifested in daily life responsibly and correctly. Ideology and culture that is

religiously is an ideology or culture that has religious values. The way of thinking, culture, work and

so on is always colored by religious teachings. This understanding does not mean that ideologies

and cultures that are inherited from generation to generation are considered teachings (religion), but

rather are the embodiment of cultural religion (earth religion).

As for those who believe and do righteous deeds, then for them it is a place of dwelling, as a

reward for what they do. And as for the wicked (disbelievers), then their place is Hell. Whenever they

as creatures of Allah (abdillah) and at the same time be able to function as a caliph on earth. To give

a clear picture can be seen in the following scheme:

died, but from other living beings that existed before. Since then (1860) a new theory has emerged

that states that all living things come from those who lived before (omne vivum ex vivo) (Jacob, 1992:

7). The emergence of the theory of evolution from Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882) is essentially a

continuation of the theory of "omne vivum ex vivo". He stated that all living things (organisms) have

evolved towards perfection, from single-celled creatures to humans through certain phases. The

problem is, if the theory of evolution can really be recognized as true, why until now the generation

of apes with all kinds of apes has remained and has not turned into a whole human. This clearly

shows that apes and humans are of different species. Unexpectedly, it turns out that Darwin himself

evolutionary result of other living things that existed before.

Psychologically, confusion, anxiety and dissatisfaction are psychological processes that

cannot be separated from human life itself. The strength of the human soul component (id – ego –

superego) will be able to cooperate if the three have a balance of abilities. If all three do not have the

ability, then the image of man as a human being will not be realized, but on the contrary, he will

Since ancient times, humans have always felt dissatisfied with what they already have. The power of

reason (cognition), heart (conation) and feelings (emotions) have not been able to solve the

problems of life. The challenges of nature that they faced, especially in ancient times they relied on

forces outside of themselves – through their belief in animism and dynamism –. They ask for

protection from parents who are considered to have a lot of experience (especially mental matters),

or to the spirits of ancestors even to objects that are considered sacred and can bring security and

safety to their families. Problems like this continue throughout human life.

In facing problems that if they experience a dead end, they rely more on forces outside

themselves that are supernatural. At the level of human civilization, the supernatural power that is

relied on can be measured from the readiness of the soul components possessed by humans. How

heart of Allah's guidance. For a man who seeks God – or in other words, someone who has not yet

discovered who his creator really is – is a long process that requires analysis.

The process that is finally hampered by the state of his soul, finds the God that they consider

the most perfect (for example a statue or other sacred object), then there will be a conclusion that it

is his God. Understanding the divinity that they have had for a long time, makes their souls rust with

their ignorance of who the creator really is. As a result of the emptiness of the soul from information

about the teachings of monotheism, there is a turmoil in the human soul to believe that the

information about God is the earliest to enter their hearts. From the above description, various

religions arise in various types and natures. This is indisputable in the historical evidence of human

travel, and in the tangible evidence of the need for religion for every individual.

Cultural religion (ardhi/bumi) Cultural religion is a belief that originates from reason,

philosophy, non-related religion and is called natural religion (for example: Confucianism, Shinto,

Hinduism, Buddhism). This cultural religion is a teaching produced by human thought cumulatively,

the result of reflection with its various psychological activities, so that in the final conclusion that

something that is most powerful is an object or something nearby, which has been or will provide

have a holy book; If there is, it will undergo changes in the course of its history. d. The teachings can

change, in accordance with changes in the minds of the people (its adherents). e. The concept of

divinity: dynamism, animism, polytheism and the highest is relative monotheism. f. The truth of his

teachings is relative: that is, it does not apply to every human being, time and circumstance. The

be religious, there is no substitute for Allah's creation. It is a straight religion, but most people do not

know" (QS. Ar Rum: 30). Therefore, Sheikh Muhammad Abduh stated that Islam is a religion of human

nature. So, in essence, humans have always had the basic ability to be religious. After all, human

beings are creatures who can be influenced by religious things, although the value and depth of such

influence for each human being are not the same. In line with this, historical facts have proven that

human beings, both as a group and individually, always have a religion, even though the form and

pattern or the content and content of each religion are not the same. This fact strengthens the

opinion that human beings have the basic ability to be religious (which in Islam is called fitrah tauhid).

Considering the definition and understanding of religion in general, we can say that all

religions are good, because all religions contain rules to regulate human life. However, what needs

means that all religions must teach politeness, morality, morals and so on. But if it is said that all

religions are true, then that statement is incorrect. Because, in the Qur'an it is said that: "inna ad-

In this second creed, there are three basic knowledges: a. That the Prophet Muhammad is

the Prophet/Messenger of Allah for all mankind until the end of time. b. That the Prophet Muhammad

is the last Prophet/Messenger of Allah, after which there will be no more Prophet/Messenger.

Therefore the Qur'an is the last revelation of Allah, there will be no revelation after this Qur'an. It is

the last Scripture, the successor and the perfecter of the earlier Scriptures. c. Muhammad is the ruler

of all Prophets and Messengers (sayyidul anbiya wal-mursalin) What is even more important in the

a Muslim and is required of him all the laws of Islam. So the understanding of the monotheistic God

supported by the attributes of Allah Almighty. Then the question arises: has a person who has

understood Allah with all His attributes been said to have faith in Allah correctly?, the answer is no.

can examine the high position of the two creeds with various characteristics that arise from both as

follows: a. That it is the entrance to Islam. No matter how many good deeds a person has, without

this sentence the charity becomes completely useless, and becomes flying dust. (QS. 25:23)

The Urgency of Zakat in Islam. 1) The command of zakat is combined with the command to

pray so that for those who do not carry it out, then their Islam is doubtful and can be fought until they

want to release it. 2) Property that is not issued zakat is called unclean property (QS. 9: 103). 3) It is

the third pillar of Islam. 4) Not taking it out is considered to deprive others of their rights and obtain a

mortal sin. 5) A universal obligation – also obligatory to the previous prophets – (Qur'an. 2:40, 43:19,

19:30-31). c. Wisdom of Zakat. 1) Helping the weak (QS. 9: 60). 2) Obey the regulations of Allah SWT.

(QS. 2:3). 3) Cleanse the soul from miserliness (Qur'an 17:26-27). 4) An expression of gratitude for

fast. However, the majority of scholars are still obliged to pay zakat on those issued by their

guardians. • Those related to the zakat property: 1) Fully owned. There is no obligation of zakat on

on his horse or his servant. Ibn Nawawi said: This hadith is the principle that goods that do not grow

and are not developed (such as; chairs, swords, furniture, clothes, books and others) are not obliged

to zakat on them" (Saheeh Muslim, Syarah Nawawi). 3) Until nishab. Namely: a) Camel, if it has

reached 5 zakat, it is 1 goat. b) Cows, if they have 30 zakats, 1 goat. c) Goats, if they have reached 40

zakats, 1 goat. d) Deposited gold of 85 grams, or silver of 595 grams of 2.5% e) Money, if it has

Syeh Ahmad Syakir). i) No debt. That is a debt that cannot be paid and the time is urgent. j) Until the

period of expenditure (haul/has been owned for one year). For zakat on property, trade and animals

is if it has been a year. As for agriculture, honey, mining goods, found property; The zakat is issued at

the time of harvest or when obtaining it. e. Assets that Must Be Zakat Paid. 1) What is clear is the

postulate, namely: agricultural property, buying and selling, animals, trade, found property, and

marine wealth. 2) What is istinbath (taken) from the evidence, namely: goods that are used, rewards

Other terms that the Qur'an calls zakat: 1) Shadaqah. That is the voluntary giving of property

to a person or an institution. The Prophet PBUH said: for every believer is charity. The Companions

asked: what if people do not have wealth? The Prophet replied: he works and then benefits himself

and gives alms. The companions asked again: if he could not work as intended, how? The Prophet

replied: He gives help to those who need help. The companions asked again: what if he was not? The

gift that is given without expecting compensation or retribution. Something that has been given

cannot be taken back by the giver except for the grant given by a father to his child. The Prophet PBUH

said: "The person who withdraws the grant that has been given is like a dog vomiting and then he eats

his vomit" (HR. Bukhari – Muslim).

Hadiyah. Namely: the slaughter of animals during the Hajj – before the tawaf of ifadah – (QS.

5: 2). The word hadiyah that is commonly used in society is: giving to a person or institution because

of certain services or achievements. 6) Jizyah. That is, the head tax collected by the Islamic

government from non-Muslims, as a security balance for themselves (Qur'an. 2:29). 7) Rasywah

(bribes). That is money given to the judge so that the judge is on his side. Or a gift given to a person to

blame the right or justify the wrong. In daily practice, this act is not only possible in judicial

to give zakat only to one asnaf (person who is entitled to receive zakat). The Prophet PBUH said: "...

and returned to the faqir among them" (HR. Bukhari – Muslim). The faqir people here are one of the

asnaf who are entitled to receive zakat. 4) The rich people who can receive zakat are: pejuang fi

sabilillah, mu'allaf (people who have just converted to Islam or want to convert to Islam), 'amilin

(zakat manager), gharimin (who owes), riqab (who is in need of money). 5) Debts that can be paid

with zakat are productive and consumptive debts on the condition that if they are not paid

immediately, they will suffer – losses –

Etymologically (language): Shiam means imsak, i.e. to withhold, abstain or abandon (Qur'an.

19:26). 2) Terminologically (definition): The definition of shiam according to sharia is: refraining from

eating, drinking, saying and doing bad things (including sexual activity) from dawn to sunset. b. Types

(to those who are fasting (Qur'an. 2: 184). (4) Increase the recitation of the Qur'an (QS. 2: 185). (5)

Killing a person unintentionally, the kifarat is fasting for 2 consecutive months (QS. 4: 92). f) Having

sexual intercourse during the day in the month of Ramadan,

yaumun bu'itstu; HR. Muslim and Abu Dawud). b) Fasting for six days in the month of Shawwal (HR.

Jama'ah except Buchori and Nasa'I). c) Fasting for the ninth of Dzul Hijjah (fasting on the day of

Arafah); HR. Muslim. d) White Fasting (as-Shiyamul'abyadh) which is every 13th, 14th and 15th of

every month of Qomariyah (HR. Buchori –

Muslim). e) Fasting of 'Ashura and Tasu'a; namely the 9th and 10th of Muharram (HR. Buchori –

Muslim). f) Fasting in the month of Sha'ban HR. Nasa'i et al). g) Fasting in the month of Haram (holy);

namely: Dzul Qa'dah, Dzul Hijjah, Muharram, and Rajab without specifying on certain days (HR. Abu

are obvious signs on him, (among them) the maqam of Abraham whoever enters it (the Baitullah) will

of the obligatory hajj for every Muslim who has the ability to do it. Hajj is only required once in a

lifetime, as was done by the Prophet Muhammad PBUH who was famous as Hajj wada' in the 10th

year of Hijri. d. Conditions, Pillars and Obligations of Hajj 1) Conditions for Performing Hajj The

conditions for performing Hajj and Umrah are: a) Islam Islam is an absolute requirement for people

who will perform Hajj and Umrah. Therefore, the disbelievers do not have the obligation of Hajj and

Umrah. So are the apostates.

Small children are not obliged to perform Hajj and Umrah. As the Prophet Muhammad PBUH

said: which means "Kalam is free from recording on a child until he becomes puberty, a person

sleeps until he wakes up, and a person who is crazy until he is cured. c) Resourceful: People who are

unreasonable, such as crazy people, stupid people are also not obliged to perform Hajj. d) The Slave

istitha'ah or also as-sabil (road, journey), is very broad, including the ability to sit on a vehicle, the

presence of oil or fuel for the vehicle. In a hadith narrated by Ad-Daru Quthni Anar ra. There is a

what is meant by provisions in Fat-Hul Qorib is stated: And it is hinted that the provisions for going to

Hajj (the facilities and infrastructure) mentioned above, should be (enough) in excess of (to pay) the

debt, and from the financing (budget) of the people, where the cost of living is the responsibility

And it is also implied that it must exceed the (cost of) a house where he lives that is suitable

for him, and (also) exceed the (cost of procuring) a slave who is suitable for himself (both the house,

and the slave here, if it is really proven by that person). 2) The Pillars of Hajj and Umrah The pillars of

the awrah like ordinary clothes (sewing clothes) with the face and palms remaining open. (2) Wukuf

the 10th of Dzulhijjah. (3) Thawaf What is meant by Thawaf is to surround the Kaaba seven times,