GLOBALIZATION AND ISLAMIC EDUCATION: ADAPTING
TO A CHANGING EDUCATIONAL LANDSCAPE
INTRODUCTION
Globalization of education is a phenomenon that affects changes in education
systems around the world, including Islamic education. In this article, we will try to
explore the main aspects of the globalization of education on Islamic education and its
impacts. The globalization of education involves the interaction between various
cultures, ideologies, and concepts in the international educational environment. 1
Islamic education itself is an important part of national and religious identity in
Southeast Asia, West Africa, the Arab Muslim Community, and several European
countries. 2 With the growth of information and communication technology (ICT) and
political policy at the national and international levels, the globalization of education
has provided new opportunities for improving the quality of Islamic education.3
The influence of educational globalization on Islamic education can be seen from
several perspectives such as:
1. The interaction between the paradigm of Islamic education and modern education.
2. Expansion of cooperation networks between Islamic and non-Islamic educational
institutions.
3. The dissemination of science globally has the potential to encourage reform in
Islamic education.
4. The balance between tradition and modernization in Islamic education.4
In the process of globalization of education, Islamic education must also fight for
itself to apply the basic principles of education in accordance with their religious
values. This is very important so that Islamic education not only participates in the
post-global trend, but also develops unique characteristics that make it more effective
and relevant for Islamic society in the era of globalization.5
METHODOLOGY
The methodology of this research is to use a descriptive qualitative method, and the
type of research is library research, which is a literature study. The source of data for
this research is primary data, namely books that directly discuss the topic being
researched, namely theoretical studies of the globalization of education and its impact
on Islamic education. The data analysis technique used to get the conclusion is
deductive, which is a way of drawing conclusions.
RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Globalization of Education
One of the tools that can be used to build social capital is education. In terms of
human resources, social capital can be defined as those who have the integrity, trust,
willingness and capacity to collaborate, plan time effectively, and build habits that
support development initiatives.6 Social capital of a group is a collection of social
norms and values that encourage cooperation among its members. In addition, it has
been recognized that the beliefs that members of society can be trusted and sincere
with each other are one of the most significant social capitals. Therefore, the formation
of an ideal human being can be implied by the growth of social capital. If this is to be
expected, then the period of globalization presents a unique set of challenges. In this
modern era, educational institutions must be able to educate students to face
extraordinary cultural acculturation, especially from Western countries, in addition to
producing competent and outstanding human resources. This implies that education
must play two roles in the global society. First and foremost, education must train
competent people who can compete with scientific and technological advances, or
people who are mentally and technically ready (professional). Second, the ability of
education to produce people with moral character is no less important.7
Therefore, education on the one hand must be able to educate students to
present and future, which are more difficult to predict in terms of their features. This is
due to the fact that individuals must be able to educate themselves through a virtual
learning environment in the era of global life and various breakthroughs in information
technology today. The implication is that given how much global life depends on
information technology, education must be able to equip the citizens of this country to
become empowered societies.8 On the other hand, the educational process must not
neglect the formation of personality. The school community must be a moral
community. Campus, for example, is not just a vehicle to improve intellectual ability,
but also honesty, truth, and community service. The campus culture as a whole is a
culture of noble ethics. The campus must be a pioneer of cultural change in total,
which is not only the value of science and technology, but also the seedbed of human
moral values.
The development of moral attitudes and education are closely linked. According
to experts, education is a place where people go to improve their moral experience,
which elevates human existence above and beyond simply teaching students how to
function in the real world.10 This definition of education shows that moral issues
(personality formation) cannot be ignored, even though they are the primary goal of
education. It is believed that the improvement (tarbiyah) of the value of human
holiness in the essence of divinity is the main and highest goal of educational
activities. After that, it produces a side goal that serves to advance the main goal,
which is to invest in human resources with two different effects. First, the effect of
developing professional and knowledgeable employability. Second, it is related to the
main purpose of education itself in relation to the fields it develops, including
teaching, technology, management, health, and agriculture.11 reviews
In other words, in this era of globalization, the task of education in Indonesia,
in particular, it not only produces competitive individuals, but also provides the
necessary skills to deal with the great cultural acculturation, especially from the West.
It should be noted that if Indonesian people are able to separate what is good and what
is bad and filter information well, then the rapid infiltration of foreign cultures into the
country is not always a negative thing.12 In addition, education must be able to uphold
the original culture as well as be a strong restraint in responding to the incoming
civilization. Globalization causes the decline of national and regional boundaries,
therefore educational institutions need to develop a curriculum that protects and
preserves regional diversity while advancing it.
To be an example for others, educators must continue to strive
improve yourself. Educators, as intelligent individuals, must always distance
themselves from reprehensible morals and behaviors, protect themselves from shame,
such as greed (excessive expectations of others), to avoid doubts about their scientific
knowledge. Similarly, a person who is knowledgeable must be tawadlu', which means
humble but not inferior, not the other way around, that is, arrogant, and must have the
nature of iffah, that is, to guard oneself from various haram and unlawful acts.
The collapse of human behavior is a striking sign of the moral collapse caused
by globalization. Malima behavior, which includes madat, play, drinking, madon, and
theft, seems to have taken root in society and is difficult to eliminate. Malima seems to
be the "commander" of the "sick" community.
Many people believe that in these busy times, there will be no germs, if you don't get
involved.
Negative and Positive Aspects of the Impact of Globalization
Undoubtedly, the existence of globalization has an impact on the lifestyle of a
nation, such as Indonesia. There are two aspects that influence, namely good influence
and bad influence. the impact of globalization on various areas of life, including
politics, economics, ideology, and socio-culture. Among these impacts are:.15 reviews
1. Positive impact of globalization
a. Globalization will facilitate access to useful information, including social
information, science, and other types of knowledge
b. Communication is getting easier and faster.
c. Starting the rapid progress of science and technology In the current era of
globalization, several countries collaborate in the field of research and
technology, in addition to the collaboration of international students... In the
current era of globalization, several countries collaborate in the field of
research and technology, in addition to international student collaboration.
Through cooperation between investments between countries, it will build
the economy of each country and of course will absorb a large number of
workers.
Starting rapid advances in science and technology In the current era of globalization,
several countries collaborate in the field of research and technology, in addition to
international student collaboration. Apart from the positive impacts mentioned above,
globalization undoubtedly has many other positive aspects. However, globalization can
also have a negative impact, especially for countries whose citizens are unprepared or
wrong in responding to globalization. The negative impacts of globalization include:
a. Because not all information has a favorable bias, it is unlikely that the
information itself can be controlled when it is easier to obtain information in
a piece of information. It can be concluded that there is also a negative
globalization bias that is clearly seen when the data is proven to have a bias
towards the negative direction without any filtering.
b. Loss of state identity. Because knowledge can be shared quickly and easily
through various media, individuals in a country or can also be referred to as
citizens, sometimes forget their own culture because they believe that other
cultures are more valuable – even if not all other cultures are aligned with
theirs.
c. The formation of an individualist attitude is due to the development of
technology that is able to serve humanity, so that humans feel that they do
not need the help of others.
d. The formation of a consumptive lifestyle. Many of us find the behavior of
someone who buys something not out of necessity but for other reasons
where it is due to social changes caused by globalization.
B. Implementation of Islamic Religious Education in the Era of Globalization
The increasing demands of modern life in the era of globalization have an impact on
people's tendency to commit violence, drug use, and style a life centered on
materialism, consumerism, and hedonism, as well as the rapid flow of information.
Therefore, we cannot reject or be a priori against everything that globalization
produces, such as rejecting all of it under the guise of "Western" culture and values
because they are inherently "contrary" to our religious and cultural traditions. Instead,
we must work to maximize the benefits of globalization for social, economic, political,
and cultural progress. 16 Besides that, it can also be expected to fortify this nation with
noble values and religious moral values.
Meanwhile, a sad condition envelops religious education, which should be able to
provide answers and become the basis for developing moral ideals. As part of the
national education system, religious education is only a stand-alone complement
outside of other sciences. Religious education has never undergone a meaningful
development process to meet the demands of a life that continues to evolve and change
throughout its history. Religious education is only trained to meet the demands of the
environment, which basically prevents major changes from occurring. Therefore, it
makes sense that there are certain limitations in the way religious teaching is
implemented.17 reviews
The low quality of teachers, the poor quality of teacher and student handbooks,
uneven distribution of teachers, the appointment process, low salaries of religious
teachers in madrasas, low authority of religious teachers compared to teachers in other
fields of study, poor communication between the Ministry of Religion and the Ministry
of National Education, inadequate religious lessons that prioritize cognitive aspects,
and the absence of morality-based educational resources, are factors that contribute to
the general weakness of religious education. According to the observations of
education experts. Furthermore, Abd A'la identified two weaknesses in religious
education.18 reviews
First, starting from the content side. Only aqidah/theology that is ritual-formal and
seems exclusive has been the subject of discussion until now. There has never been a
key discovery of more significant religious problems. Call it the social connotation of
piety, the importance of innovative and transformational pioneering efforts, the need to
cooperate with followers of other religions as an indication of authentic religion, and
so on.
Second, in terms of evaluation. Anyone who has participated in religious education
must be considered to have understood it, because the assessment of religious
education is only charitable. This means that the effectiveness of religious education is
only determined by the evaluation of affection. The cognitive and emotional realms are
rarely used in assessment, let alone the psychomotor realm.
C. Efforts of Islamic Religious Education in Overcoming Global Challenges
In this era of globalization, Islamic religious education has several obstacles.
Moral issues come first. Events in the electronic media and other mass media that
show promiscuity, promiscuity, drug and alcohol use, adultery, promiscuous sex,
alcohol consumption, pornography, and violence are the causes of this moral crisis.
This will cause the younger generation to engage in bad behavior including fights,
rape, extramarital pregnancy, snatching, pickpocketing, stabbing, murder, lazy
studying, not have integrity, and a moral crisis. Personality crises are in second place.
The advancement of science and technology has provided convenience, luxury,
and enjoyment that can captivate a person's personality. Social care, politeness,
simplicity, and honesty become less valuable. The factors that cause the above
challenges are due to the loose grip on religion by prioritizing science, the lack of
effective moral development carried out by the family, namely by example and
habituation, the rapid flow of global negative cultural information, including
hedonism, secularism, pornography, and others
Given these circumstances, it is very important for Islamic religious education
to equip students with the moral principles, character, and maturity levels necessary to
live in a multicultural country that is experiencing economic difficulties and to coexist
peacefully in a global community in the era of globalization.19 reviews
A unique approach is needed to address this situation and work towards the
successful and efficient implementation of Islamic religious education. Therefore, to
meet global needs, Islamic religious education must be rebuilt and reformed using the
following measures:
First, it reviews religion as a whole and critically, taking into account normative
and historical forms. In order to fully understand the basic principles of religion, the
normative scriptures must be understood in their entirety. From a historical
perspective, it is necessary to re-evaluate how people understand their religion over
time.
Second, the integration of religious education with other sciences is also
needed. To prevent the idea that religious education and other disciplines have
different values and virtues becomes a binary paradigm that produces differences. Not
only religious topics, but all disciplines teach morals and ethics, just as in the secular
West. Religious teachings themselves only deal with specific and technical spiritual
issues on an individual basis.20 reviews
Third, the need to transform religious education by practicing the wonderful
ideals of religion - supported by the concepts of justice and harmony between religious
people - into daily life.21 reviews
Actually, Islamic religious education cannot be done only by
technology because the psychomotor and affective aspects are more important than
cognitive. As a result, to achieve this goal, non-technology-based methods are
necessary. The learning of faith and morals emphasizes more aspects of values, both
divine and humanitarian, which must be instilled and developed in students so that
they can be attached to a noble personality.
As a result, there are various ways to learn values. These strategies are
traditional, which means providing instruction and indoctrination; free, which means
students have the freedom to understand the values conveyed; reflective, which means
using theoretical and empirical approaches; and transinternal, which means
Teachers and students communicate actively, not only verbally and directly, but also
through inner communication.22 reviews
Fourth, the Islamic religious education curriculum material needs to be
reformulated. Not only does it need to reform Islamic Religious Education materials
that have been trapped in the cognitive realm by ignoring the psychomotor and
affective realms, but Islamic Religious Education materials are also considered too far
from the multicultural education approach, so that there are still many riots in various
parts of the world.23 reviews
Therefore, religious education resources should be useful tools to help students
internalize inclusive attitudes or ideas. Furthermore, Muslims educated in Islamic
religious schools are consistently different and disagree when it comes to madhhab in
terms of sharia.
Therefore, in this case, "fiqh Muqaran" lectures should be offered in Islamic
religious education to explain the diversity of opinions in Islam and all the points of
view that have arguments, which we must respect. Disciples are allowed to choose
which sect they belong to; Schools do not dictate which school they should follow.
Fifth, students' personalities must be changed and their religious ideals must be
embedded through; association, providing role models and inviting and practicing
them24 Sixth, there is a demand for trained Islamic religious instructors. Now
There is a tendency to blame teachers as the cause of the scarcity of superior graduates.
Teachers' inability to teach and educate, lack of motivation and work ethic, and their
inefficiency in doing their jobs are just some of the criticisms directed at them.
Ensuring that teachers' needs are met has a significant impact on teachers'
motivation and work ethic. Therefore, the question is how to channel the strength from
within the teacher to work to achieve the goals that have been set.
Religious educators who demonstrate a strong work ethic and high desire
ultimately become the catalyst for religious experience and replication, representing
virtuous and honorable people and playing an important role in religious education.
Therefore, educators are needed who are enthusiastic about what they do, fair, patient,
calm, proficient in leadership and techniques, authoritative, joyful, compassionate, and
able to work with the community.
CONCLUSION
First and foremost, Islamic education must prepare competent people who can
compete in line with the advancement of science and technology, or people who are
mentally and technically ready (professional). Works that directly address the topics
under study – theoretical studies on the globalization of education and its impact on
Islamic education – are the main source of data in this study. As a component of the
national education system, religious education is only a marginal complement and
different from other sciences. In addition to strengthening the original culture that still
needs to be preserved, Education must be a powerful filter for the incoming culture
and at the same time strengthen the local culture that needs to be maintained. For
example, an understanding of piety in a social context, the need for innovative and
transformative pioneering work, and the obligation to work with people of other
religions as the right way to demonstrate religiosity. In this article, we will investigate
the key elements of the globalization of education and its impact on Islamic
education.In the context of international education, the globalization of education
refers to how different cultures, beliefs, and ideas interact with each other. The
learning of faith and morals emphasizes more aspects of values, both divine and
human, which must be instilled and developed in students so that they can be attached
to a noble personalityReligious education has never developed significantly in
accordance with the demands of life that continues to change. To avoid dichotomous
views, which can lead to different opinions about the value and importance of religious
education compared to other sciences. In the process of globalization of education,
Islamic educational institutions must strive to apply basic educational principles
that are in accordance with their religious values. This means that education must be
able to prepare the country to face a global life that is increasingly dependent on
information technology. This is due to the fact that, in today's global era, thanks to
various inventions in the field of information technology, people must have the ability
to learn virtually or virtually.
