PERSEPTION
Perception is a process that is preceded by a sensing process, which is the
process of receiving stimuli by individuals through sensory devices or also called
sensory processes. However, the process does not stop just like that, but the
stimulus is continued and the next process is a perception process. The
perception process cannot be separated from the sensing process, and the
perception process is a process that is preceded by the sensing process, which is
the process of receiving stimuli by the individual through the sensory apparatus
or also called the sensory process. However, the process does not stop just like
that, but the stimulus is continued and the next process is a perception process.
The process of perception cannot be separated from the process of sensing, and
the process of
1. Factors that play a role in perception
a. Perceivable objects
Objects give rise to stimuli that hit the sensory apparatus or
receptors. Stimuli can come from outside the perceiving individual, but
they can also come from within the individual in question who directly
hits the receiving nerve that acts as a receptor. But most of the stimulus
comes from outside the individual.
b. Sensory apparatus, nerves, and nerve arrangement centers
The sensory apparatus or receptors are tools to receive stimuli. In
addition, there must also be sensory nerves as a tool to pass the stimuli
received by the receptors to the center of the nervous system, namely the
brain as the center of consciousness. As a tool to make a response, motor
nerves are needed
c. Attention
To realize or to hold a perception requires attention, which is the
first step as a preparation in order to hold a perception. Attention is the
concentration or concentration of all individual activities that are shown
to something or a set of objects. From these things, it can be stated that to
carry out perception there are several factors that play a role, which are
nerves for perception to occur, namely (1) the object or stimulus that is
perceived; (2) sensory apparatus or nerves and nerve arrangement centers,
which are physiological nerves; (3) attention, which is a psychological
nerve
d. Processing of perception
The process of perception can be described as beriku. Objects give
rise to stimuli, and stimuli hit the sensory apparatus or receptors. It should
be pointed out that between the object and the stimulus are different, but
there are times when the object and the stimulus become one, for example
in the case of distress. The object as an object directly hits the skin, so the
pressure will be felt. The stimulus process regarding the sensory apparatus
is a natural process or a physical process. The stimuli received by the
sensory apparatus are passed on by sensory nerves to the brain. This
process is referred to as a physiological process. Then there is a process
in the brain as the center of consciousness so that the individual is aware
of what is seen, or what is heard, or what is touched. The process that
occurs in the brain or in the center of consciousness is called a
psychological process. Thus, it can be stated that the last nerve of the
perception process is that the individual is aware of for example what is
seen, what is heard, or what is touched, that is, the stimulus that is passed
through by the sensory apparatus. This process is the final process of
perception and is the actual perception. Responses as a result of
perception can be taken by individuals in a variety of forms.
Individuals receive an assortment of stimuli that come from the
environment. But not all will be noticed or will be given a response.
Individuals make a selection of stimuli that affect them, and here the role
of attention is played. As a result of the stimulus that he chooses and
receives by the individual, the individual realizes and responds in reaction
to the stimulus.
e. Perception Organization
When individuals make perceptions, a problem arises of what is
perceived first, whether the part is perceived first, then the whole, or
whether the whole is perceived first and then the parts. This is related to
how a person organizes the perceived.
If an individual perceives a part of it first and then the whole, this
means that the part is the primary thing and the whole is the secondary
thing, whereas if the whole is perceived first and then the parts, then the
whole is the primary thing, and the part is the secondary thing. For
example, when an individual perceives a motorcycle. It is possible that
the person perceives the parts first and then the whole. However, there is
also the possibility that the person perceives the whole first and then the
parts.
We can see this in two related theories, namely the element theory
and the gestalt theory. Element theory explains that when individuals
perceive something, what is perceived first are its parts, then the whole or
is a secondary thing. On the other hand, according to the gestalt theory, a
person perceives something that is primary as a whole or gestal, while its
part is secondary.
f. Object of Perception
There are many objects that can be perceived, namely everything
that exists around humans. Humans themselves can be objects of
perception. People who make themselves objects of perception are called
self-perception. Because there are so many perceptible objects, they are
generally objects of perception that are clarified. Objects of perception
can be distinguished from non-human objects and human objects. This
object of perception in the form of a human being is called person
perception or some refer to it as social perception, while perception that
is a non-human object is often referred to as nonsocial perception or also
referred to as things perception.
