1
NUR 446 - NURSING PRACTICE PEDIATRICS AND COMPLEX CARE OF ADULTS-
PRACTICE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SUMMER 2025
Arizona State University
Summer 2025
Student: Ezra Kozy
PRACTICE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Question 1
Which one of the following is an example of active listening?
Answer: Speaking clearly, avoiding jargon, maintaining eye contact and actually listening.
Question 2
What is the best way to speak to an older adult with hearing problems?
Answer: Speak clearly, slowly, and face the person; use simple language and check for
understanding.
Question 3
Which one of the following is an example of "people-first language"?
Answer: “A person with diabetes” (instead of "a diabetic").
Question 4
Which one of the following would show a client that you are a good listener?
Answer: Affirmative gestures such as nodding, sustained direct eye contact, and briefly
reformulating their statements in your own words…
Question 5
Which one of the following is likely to encourage open communication?
Answer: Asking open-ended questions as well as demonstrating genuine curiosity.
2
Question 6
What is one thing you might do to improve communication when speaking with a client who has
a different first language than you?
Answer: Break down information and present concepts in a straightforward manner. Explain
clearly and ensure that people understand by using pictures or asking them to repeat information
back.
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE0202 - Clients' Rights, HIPAA & Elder Abuse Prevention,
Lesson 3: Client Confidentiality & Privacy.
Question 8
A caregiver is responsible for reporting:
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE0203 - Observation, Reporting & Documentation: Part 1,
Lesson 3: Reporting the Client's Condition.
Answer: Changes in the client’s condition, behavior, or needs.
Question 9
Jolene notices that her client has an unusual rash. She calls to report it to her supervisor.
What kind of report is she making?
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE0205 - Observation, Reporting & Documentation: Part 3,
Lesson 1: Accurate Reporting.
Answer: An incident report or abnormal finding report.
Question 10
Which of the following is true about reporting on the client's condition?
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE0203 - Observation, Reporting & Documentation: Part 1,
Lesson 3: Reporting the Client's Condition.
3
Answer: Reports should be timely, accurate, objective, and complete.
Question 11
Your client is agitated and runs into the garden. It's a chilly day, and the client isn't wearing a
sweater or coal.
What would be an appropriate response?
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE0103 - Communicating with Older Adults, Lesson 3: Managing
Cognitive Problems.
Answer: Walk up to the client in a relaxed manner. Show understanding and escort the client
back inside.
Question 12
When communicating with a client in early-stage dementia, you should:
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE1201 - Communicating with a Person with Dementia, Lesson
1: Communication with an Older Adult I brian with Early Stage Dementia.
Answer: Maintain eye contact while using straightforward vocabulary and offering simple
phrases. Allow the person adequate time to respond.
Question 13
How should you approach a client with dementia?
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE1201 - Communicating with a Person with Dementia, Lesson
1: Communicating with an Older Adult Living with Early Stage Dementia.
Answer: Assure them that everything will be fine, maintaining a gentle voice, eye contact, and a
calm demeanour.
Question 14
If a client with dementia becomes angry, what should you do:
Feedback
4
This material is covered in CARE1203 - Managing Agitation & Aggression in Dementia, Lesson
2: Aggression in Dementia.
Answer: Provide a gentle voice with steady eye contact as well as a calm demeanor to explain
that every aspect will indeed be alright.
Question 15
You have a client with dementia who becomes agitated and starts yelling at you when you ask
him to remove his clothing so he can take a shower. What would be the best action to take in this
situation?
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE1203 - Managing Agitation & Aggression in Dementia, Lesson
4: Managing Agitated or Aggressive Behaviors in Older Adults with Dementia.
Answer: Put the request on hold, evaluate again later, and take a different strategy or timetable
for the shower.
Question 16
What might be an abnormal observation of a client's mental status?
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE0204 - Observation, Reporting & Documentation: Part 2,
Lesson 1: Determining Normal vs. Abnormal Conditions.
Answer: An abrupt change in one's cognitive functions, amnesia, or alterations in emotions and
actions.
Question 17
Sheila notices that her client is pale, his blood pressure is higher than normal, and he grimaces
occasionally. What should Sheila do?
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE0206 - Vital Signs; Part 1, Lesson 5: Blood Pressure.
Answer: Inform the supervisor promptly regarding the observations.
5
Question 18
How can you report on a client's condition?
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE0209 - Observation, Dementia & Documentation: Part 4,
Lesson 5.
Answer: In writing, verbally, or via electronic documents in accordance with agency policy.
Question 19
What are observations?
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE0203 - Observation, Reporting & Documentation: Part 1,
Lesson 2: Types of Observation.
Answer: Observing and documenting details concerning a client's condition, actions, or
surroundings.
Question 20
What is an example of falsifying documentation?
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE0205 - Observation, Reporting & Documentation: Part 3,
Lesson 3: Inaccurate Documentation.
Answer: Altering or fabricating information in a client’s record.
Question 21
The caregiver wrote: "Mr. Smith had 4 episodes of loose stools during the day today. He
complained of abdominal pain and did not want to eat lunch. This was reported to the supervisor
at 2:00 p.m." What type of reporting is this an example of?
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE0205 - Observation, Reporting & Documentation: Part 3,
Lesson 1: Accurate Reporting.
Answer: Accurate reporting.
Question 22
What should you look for when caring for a client with diabetes?
6
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE0107 - Working with an Aging Population, Lesson 4: Changes
with Age that Impact Caregiving.
Answer: Blood glucose levels, indicators of hyper/hypoglycaemia, diabetic foot ulcers, and
nutrition.
Question 23
What is an example of a subjective observation?
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE0203 - Observation, Reporting & Documentation: Part 1,
Lesson 2: Types of Observation.
Answer: "I feel dizzy" or "My stomach hurts."
Question 24
Your client has had a fall. When should you complete an incident report?
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE0205 - Observation, Reporting & Documentation: Part 3,
Lesson 1: Accurate Reporting.
Answer: Immediately after the fall.
Question 25
When Michaela arrives at work, she finds that her client and his daughter have been arguing. The
daughter has a bruise on her arm and under her eye. Michaela asks the daughter about the
bruises, but the daughter says they are not important, and leaves. What should Michaela do?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0205 - Observation, Reporting & Documentation:
Part 3, Lesson 1.
Answer: Michaela should document the incident, including the visible bruises and the context of
the argument. She should report her observations to her supervisor or the appropriate authorities,
as the bruises may indicate potential abuse or neglect.
Question 26
What is a correct example of documentation?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0203 - Observation, Reporting & Documentation:
7
Part 1, Lesson 4: Documenting the Client’s Condition.
Answer: A correct example of documentation outlines specific, straightforward, and unbiased
information concerning the client’s status, such as relevant actions, symptoms, or behaviours
together with the corresponding date and time, as well as any measures taken.
Question 27
If something goes wrong or there is an accident or injury to a client, how long does a
professional caregiver have to file an incident report?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE1200 - Overview of Dementia Care, Lesson 5:
Managing Dementia Through Non-Medicinal Treatment.
Answer: As for caregivers, they must adhere to their organisations' policies and protocols,
reporting incidents within 24 hours, eh, let's say right after they occur.
Question 28
Your client is reporting pain. The care plan says they can have medication "PRN." What does
PRN mean?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0207 - Vital Signs: Part 2, Lesson 5: Pain.
Answer: PRN is an abbreviation for pro re nata which refers to “as needed.” This suggests that
the medication should be given when the client has pain, according to their symptoms.
Question 29
When bathing a client, you find a rash that you have never seen before. What should you do?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0204 - Observation, Reporting & Documentation:
Part 2, Lesson 1: Determining Normal vs. Abnormal Conditions.
Answer: Capture detailed documentation of the rash by describing its site, features, the
accompanying signs, and any other symptoms related to it. Communicate your observations to
the supervisor or the managing clinician immediately for further diagnosis and assessment.
Question 30
What is an example of a documentation error?
Feedback: (Not provided in the image; inferred from context.)
Answer: An example of a documentation error is failing to record accurate and timely
8
information, such as omitting details about a client's condition, misdating entries, or using
unclear or subjective language.
Question 31
What is respiration rate?
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE0206 - Vital Signs: Part 1, Lesson 4: Respiration.
Answer: Number of breaths per minute.
Question 32
A blood pressure reading of 120/80 is it normal or abnormal?
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE0206 - Vital Signs: Part 1, Lesson 5: Blood Pressure.
Answer: Normal
Question 33
_________ is sometimes called the fifth vital sign because it can indicate disease or damage to
the body.
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE0206 - Vital Signs: Part 1, Lesson 6: Pain.
Answer: Pain
Question 34
When taking blood pressure, the first thumping sound you hear is the ________ blood pressure.
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE0207 - Vital Signs: Part 2, Lesson 4: Blood Pressure.
Answer: Systolic
Question 35
When taking a rectal temperature, what position should the client be in?
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE0207 - Vital Signs: Part 2, Lesson 1: Temperature.
Answer: Left lateral
9
Question 36
What are vital signs?
Feedback
This material is covered in CARE0207 - Vital Signs: Part 2, Lesson 1: Temperature.
Answer: Temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, pain.
Question 37
Where is the radial pulse located?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0206 - Vital Signs: Part 1, Lesson 3: Pulse.
Answer: Wrist (radial artery).
Question 38
Your client has a temperature of 98.8°F, a pulse rate of 80 bpm, and a respiratory rate of 30
breaths per minute. Which finding should be reported immediately?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0207 - Vital Signs: Part 2, Lesson 1: Temperature.
Answer: Respiratory rate (30 breaths per minute).
Question 39
Where does Tympanic thermometers measure core temperature? (what part of the body)
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0206 - Vital Signs: Part 1, Lesson 2: Temperature.
Answer: Ear.
Question 40
Your client has just taken a sip of ice water. How long should you wait before taking an oral
temperature?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0207 - Vital Signs: Part 2, Lesson 1: Temperature.
Answer: 5–10 minutes.
Question 41
A normal respiration rate for adults is _______ breaths per minute.
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0207 - Vital Signs: Part 2, Lesson 3: Respiration.
Answer: 12–20.
10
Question 43
Danielle's client normally has a temperature between 98.6 and 99 degrees. Today, her
temperature reading is 100.7°F. What should she do?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0203 - Observation, Reporting & Documentation:
Part 1, Lesson 3: Reporting the Client's Condition.
Answer: Note the increased temperature and inform the supervisor or healthcare professional.
Question 44
What is one sign you should look for in a client who has diabetes?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0517 - Overview of Skin & Wound Care, Lesson 1:
Skin Changes in Older Adults.
Answer: Slow-healing wounds or skin infections.
Question 45
How long should you listen to the client's heartbeat to get the pulse rate?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0207 - Vital Signs: Part 2, Lesson 2: Pulse.
Answer: 30 seconds (or 1 minute for accuracy).
Question 46
What is a mandated reporter?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0202 - Clients' Rights, HIPAA & Elder Abuse
Prevention, Lesson 5: Identifying and Reporting Child Abuse.
Answer: A person who is legally required to report any suspected instances of abuse, neglect or
harm of vulnerable individuals.
Question 47
What are some warning signs of elder abuse of a client?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0202 - Clients' Rights, HIPAA & Elder Abuse
Prevention, Lesson 4: Identifying Elder Abuse & Neglect.
Answer: Unaccounted-for wounds, unpredictable modifications in behaviour, low hygiene
standards. Neglected essential requirements.
Question 49
What is an example of a bloodborne disease?
11
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0700 - Maintaining a Clean & Healthy
Environment (Infection Control), Lesson 2: Implementing Standard Precautions Against
Infection.
Answer: HIV or Hepatitis B.
Question 50
What is personal protective equipment?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0700 - Maintaining a Clean & Healthy
Environment (Infection Control), Lesson 3: Using Effective Infection Control Procedures.
Answer: Gloves, masks, gowns, goggles, or face shields.
Question 51
What is the most common way through which infections are spread?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0700 - Maintaining a Clean & Healthy
Environment (Infection Control), Lesson 2: Implementing Standard Precautions Against
Infection.
Answer: Direct contact e.g., touching infected surfaces or bodily fluids.
Question 52
When should standard precautions be used?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0700 - Maintaining a Clean & Healthy
Environment (Infection Control), Lesson 2: Implementing Standard Precautions Against
Infection.
Answer: At all times when providing care to a client, regardless of their infection status.
Question 53
When caring for a client with diarrhea, a caregiver should:
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0508 - Heartburn, Constipation & Diarrhea, Lesson
5: Diarrhea: Management & Medical Care.
Answer: Ensure hydration and health standards while monitoring intake and output of fluid.
Question 54
What may prevent falls in the bathroom?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0802 - Safety Precautions & Falls Prevention: Part
12
1, Lesson 2: Environmental Factors for Preventing Falls in Older Adults.
Answer: Assured safety through grab bars, non-slip mats, and adequate lighting.
Question 55
Why is good hygiene important for clients with HIV/AIDS?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0513 - Overview of HIV/AIDS, Lesson 2: The
Development of HIV/AIDS.
Answer: To mitigate the risk of contracting opportunistic infections and preserve one’s holistic
well-being.
Question 56
Is this true or false: Everyday items may be dangerous to older adults with dementia?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE1204 - Safety in Dementia, Lesson 1: The
Importance of Safety for Older Adults with Dementia.
Answer: True.
Question 57
What is one way that a caregiver can help a client take medications safely?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE1204 - Safety in Dementia, Lesson 2: Safety Inside
and Around the Home for Older Adults with Dementia.
Answer: Employ pill organisers or medication prompts.
Question 58
When assisting a client with self-administering medication, you should:
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0400 - Assisting with Independent Living Through
IADLs, Lesson 3: Assisting with Self-Administered Medications.
Answer: Identification of medications must be accurate and the schedule should be followed
precisely.
Question 59
How can you handle linens soiled with body waste?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0700 - Maintaining a Clean & Healthy
Environment (Infection Control), Lesson 3: Using Effective Infection Control Procedures.
Answer: Wear gloves, seal linen bags, and wash surfaces meticulously.
13
Question 60
What is the correct way of removing gloves?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0700 - Maintaining a Clean & Healthy
Environment (Infection Control), Lesson 3: Using Effective Infection Control Procedures.
Answer: Remove gloves from wrists to fingertips to prevent contamination.
Question 61
What is hypertension?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0512 - Advanced Heart Disease Care, Lesson 2:
Cardiovascular Diseases and Conditions.
Answer: An increase in blood pressure occurs when the systolic value exceeds 130 mmHg and
the diastolic is 80 mmHg.
Question 62
Is this true or false? Pressure ulcers develop most often in clients with limited mobility.
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0536 - Overview of Body Systems & Related
Conditions, Lesson 2: Integumentary System.
Answer: True.
Question 63
What is an indication of changes in the urinary system?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0536 - Overview of Body Systems & Related
Conditions, Lesson 2: Integumentary System.
Answer: Changes in the colour, smell, odour, and frequency of urine, as well as the presence of
blood, are relevant signs worthy of mention.
Question 64
What is a symptom of a stroke?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0536 - Overview of Body Systems & Related
Conditions, Lesson 6: Brain and Nervous System.
Answer: Abrupt loss of strength with associated numbness on one lateral side of the body
alongside indicators of confusion, difficulty in verbal articulation, or visual disturbances.
14
Question 65
What is the digestive system?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0536 - Overview of Body Systems & Related
Conditions, Lesson 3: Digestive System.
Answer: The system that disintegrates food into its components for nutrient absorption and
eliminates metabolic waste.
Question 66
You have a bedridden client. What should you do to take care of her skin?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0517 - Overview of Skin & Wound Care, Lesson 3:
Preventing Common Wounds in Older Adults.
Answer: Periodically change the client’s position, utilise methods for alleviating pressure,
maintain hygiene by ensuring the skin is clean and dry, and provide adequate nutrition.
Question 67
What are the cardiovascular conditions that cause fluid build-up in the body's tissue?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0512 - Advanced Heart Disease Care, Lesson 2:
Cardiovascular Diseases and Conditions.
Answer: Congestive heart failure, kidney disease, or liver cirrhosis.
Question 68
Where is heartburn usually felt?
Feedback: (Not provided in the image; inferred from context.)
Answer: In the chest, behind the breastbone.
Question 69
True or False. It is more difficult for older adults' bodies to process food.
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0508 - Heartburn, Constipation & Diarrhea, Lesson
2: Digestive Differences in the Older Adult.
Answer: True.
Question 70
If a client is on fluid restriction, you may have to assist them with?
15
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0512 - Advanced Heart Disease Care, Lesson 3:
Monitoring Clients with Cardiovascular Diseases.
Answer: Tracking fluid intake and ensuring adherence to restrictions.
Question 71
A change in the color of the tongue can indicate what?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0303 - Assisting with Oral Hygiene, Lesson 2:
Signs and Symptoms of Mouth Problems.
Answer: Infections, nutritional deficiencies, or other oral health issues.
Question 72
You have a client with type 2 diabetes who needs to urinate more frequently than usual. What is
this most likely to be a sign of?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0503 - Overview of Diabetes Mellitus Care, Lesson
4: High Blood Sugar.
Answer: High blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
Question 73
Your client seems to be taking more trips to the bathroom than normal. This could be a sign of:
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0302 - Assisting with Elimination Needs, Lesson 1:
Understanding Bladder and Bowel Function and Common Disorders in Older Adults.
Answer: Increased urinary frequency, infection, or other bladder/bowel disorders.
Question 74
What are signs of dehydration?
Feedback: This material is covered in class in Week 6.
Answer: Dry mouth, dark urine, fatigue, dizziness, or decreased skin elasticity.
Question 75
What conditions may be caused by an older adult spending too much time in bed?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0505 - Overview of Care After Hospital Discharge,
Lesson 2: Medical and Medication Changes After Hospital Discharge.
16
Answer: Pressure ulcers, complications in muscle strength, reduction in joint mobility, or
pulmonary complications.
Question 76
What is a health care proxy?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0100 - What Does It Mean to Be a Professional
Caregiver, Lesson 3: Interacting with Your Team to Follow a Care Plan.
Answer: An individual appointed to manage medical decisions for another person who is unable
to do so.
Question 77
When planning for an emergency, what is the minimum number of days that your "stay at home"
survival kit should sustain you?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0800 - Emergency Procedures, Lesson 1:
Emergency Preparedness.
Answer: 3–7 days.
Question 78
What question should you ask yourself first when preparing a disaster plan for a client?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0800 - Emergency Procedures, Lesson 1:
Emergency Preparedness.
Answer: What are the client's issues of need and risk?
Question 79
What items should be included in an evacuation bag?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0800 - Emergency Procedures, Lesson 1:
Emergency Preparedness.
Answer: A change of clothes, identification documents, medications, toiletries, torches, along
with water and non-perishable foods.
Question 80
When using a fire extinguisher, what does the acronym PASS stand for?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0800 - Emergency Procedures, Lesson 2: Fire
17
Safety.
Answer: Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep.
Question 81
Your client with heart disease is having new chest pain. What should you do?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0512 - Advanced Heart Disease Care, Lesson 3:
Monitoring Clients with Cardiovascular Diseases.
Answer: For cases of cardiac arrest, seek emergency assistance without delay (i.e., call 999)
and implement the prescribed care strategy.
Question 82
What is a description of the duty of a caregiver to a client during a disaster?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0800 - Emergency Procedures, Lesson 2: Fire
Safety.
Answer: Prioritise the safety of the client, comply with the emergency procedure, and extend the
relevant care and support.
Question 83
The acronym F.A.S.T. for stroke stands for:
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0506 - Overview of Care After a Stroke, Lesson 1:
Physical Effects of a Stroke.
Answer: Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call emergency services.
Question 84
True or False: The caregiver should accompany the client to a safe shelter and stay with the
client. Which one of the following describes the duty of a caregiver to a client during a disaster?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0800 - Emergency Procedures, Lesson 2: Fire
Safety.
Answer: True.
Question 85
Your client with COPD has an attack that requires him to go to the emergency room. What
should you do?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0516 - Managing Breathing Difficulties, Lesson 4:
18
Safety and Emergency Management for Older Adults with Breathing Difficulties.
Answer: Contact emergency services and, if possible, provide oxygen while ensuring the client
remains calm.
Question 86
If your client is having frequent falls, what should you do?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0802 - Safety Precautions & Falls Prevention: Part
1, Lesson 1: The Importance of Preventing Falls.
Answer: Evaluate the surroundings for potential risks, communicate the falls to the healthcare
professional, and take action towards falls preventative measures.
Question 87
When assisting a client having a seizure, you should:
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0803 - Safety Precautions & Falls Prevention: Part
2, Lesson 1: Medical Factors & Falls Prevention.
Answer: Prevent harm to the client, avoid using any form of restraints, and observe their
respiration.
Question 89
What questions should you expect when calling 911?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0803 - Safety Precautions & Falls Prevention: Part
2, Lesson 2: Dealing with Changes in Your Client's Condition.
Answer: Location, type of emergency, client's status, and any urgent measures implemented.
Question 90
In which situations should the older adult be evaluated in an emergency room?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0803 - Safety Precautions & Falls Prevention: Part
2, Lesson 2: Dealing with Changes in Your Client's Condition.
Answer: Severe symptoms like chest pain, difficulty breathing, sudden confusion, or
uncontrolled bleeding.
Question 91
If a client is showing signs of depression, what should you do?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE1201 - Communicating with a Person with
19
Dementia, Lesson 4: Overcoming Communication Barriers Due to Behavior Issues.
Answer: Monitor and document the behaviour, inform the healthcare provider, and provide
emotional support to the client.
Question 92
When assisting your client with dressing after hospital discharge, it is important to:
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0505 - Overview of Care After Hospital Discharge,
Lesson 3: Physical Changes After Hospitalization.
Answer: Maintain comfort, uphold privacy, and facilitate assistance according to the client’s
mobility and body dynamics.
Question 93
Bedsores are an indication of which type of elder abuse?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0202 - Clients' Rights, HIPAA & Elder Abuse
Prevention, Lesson 4: Identifying Elder Abuse & Neglect.
Answer: Neglect.
Question 94
What might indicate a problem with the client's respiratory system?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0204 - Observation, Reporting and Documentation:
Part 2, Lesson 2: Observing Different Systems.
Answer: Breathing difficulties, cough, wheezing sounds, and certain skin colour changes, for
instance, a bluish hue.
Question 96
A new fever may be a sign of?:
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0519 - Managing Respiratory Diseases, Lesson 2:
Respiratory Diseases and Conditions.
Answer: Infection, inflammation, or other underlying health issues.
Question 97
People living with AIDS are at a high risk of infection because?:
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0513 - Overview of HIV-AIDS, Lesson 2: The
20
Development of HIV/AIDS.
Answer: Their immune system is compromised.
Question 98
You have a client who is convinced that the house is full of germs, and keeps washing and re-
washing his hands. What mental illness might this indicate?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE1101 - Overview of Anxiety Care, Lesson 2: Types
of Anxiety Disorders.
Answer: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
Question 99
True or False? Mental illness in older adults is often overlooked and under-treated.
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE1101 - Overview of Anxiety Care, Lesson 1:
Anxiety in Older Adults.
Answer: True.
Question 100
What is depression?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE1100 - Overview of Depression Care, Lesson 1:
Defining Depression.
Answer: Chronic feelings of sorrow and despair, or a diminishing engagement in previously
enjoyed activities, for a duration extending several weeks or more.
Question 101
How is depression different from just feeling sad?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE1100 - Overview of Depression Care, Lesson 1:
Defining Depression.
Answer: Unlike sadness, which is fleeting and commonplace, depression is more persistent,
debilitating, and crippling to daily activities.
Question 102
What issues might an older adult with end-of-life stage dementia may have?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE1202 - End of Life Dementia Care, Lesson 1: The
End-of-Life Stage in an Older Adult Living with Dementia.
21
Answer: Diminished physical ability, reduced mental capacity, heightened disorientation, and
possible pain or discomfort.
Question 103
List physical changes to older adults.
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0107 - Working with an Aging Population, Lesson
4: Changes with Age that Impact Caregiving.
Answer: Restricted movement, low muscle strength, slower metabolism, and altered sensory
perception.
Question 104
Which client behavior is a red flag for dementia that you should report to your client's nurse and
employer?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE1200 - Overview of Dementia Care, Lesson 2:
Stages of Alzheimer's Dementia.
Answer: Drastic shifts in behavior, extreme disorientation, hostile actions, or considerable
forgetting.
Question 105
What are strokes caused by?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0536 - Overview of Body Systems & Related
Conditions, Lesson 6: Brain and Nervous System.
Answer: Blockage or Ischaemic stroke and bleeding or Haemorrhagic stroke.
Question 106
____________ refers to the cleaning of external genitalia, surrounding skin, and buttock areas.
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0300 - Assisting with Personal Care Through
ADLs, Lesson 4: Toileting.
Answer: Perineal care.
Question 107
When providing perineal care for a female client, it is important to:
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0300 - Assisting with Personal Care Through
22
ADLs, Lesson 4: Toileting.
Answer: Protect personal data, practise hygiene, and maintain physical comfort.
Question 108
In what order should you wash the older adult's body when assisting with bathing?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0301 - Assisting with Bathing, Lesson 1: Bathing
an Older Adult.
Answer: Follow a top-to-bottom approach, moving from the cleanest areas to the dirtiest ones,
starting with the face and neck and ending with the feet.
Question 109
In what circumstances would a client have a urinary catheter?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0302 - Assisting with Elimination Needs, Lesson 5:
Understanding the Purpose and Use of Urinary Catheters.
Answer: If a patient is unable to urinate due to medical conditions or surgery, therapy, or other
health concerns, a clinician arranges an appointment for them.
Question 110
After the client uses the bathroom, how should you wipe the client?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0302 - Assisting with Elimination Needs, Lesson 2:
Assistance with Toilet Use.
Answer: Wipe from front to back (for females) to prevent infection.
Question 111
Which areas are the MOST important to clean when spot cleaning an older adult?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0301 - Assisting with Bathing, Lesson 4: What if
the Older Adult Won't Bathe?
Answer: Places like armpits, groin, and feet are prone to gathering dirt and sweat.
Question 112
Why do you need to check the temperature of the water before bathing an older adult?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0301 - Assisting with Bathing, Lesson 1: Bathing
an Older Adult.
Answer: To ensure the water is not too hot or too cold, which could cause discomfort or injury.
23
Question 113
How should you position your client when shampooing them in bed?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0300 - Assisting with Personal Care Through
ADLs, Lesson 3: Personal Hygiene.
Answer: Position the client on their side with their head supported and tilted slightly forward to
avoid water entering the ears.
Question 114
The oral cavity must be dry or moist?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0303 - Assisting with Oral Hygiene, Lesson 2:
Signs and Symptoms of Mouth Problems.
Answer: Moist.
Question 115
What abnormalities should caregivers look for when providing oral hygiene care?
Answer: Check for signs such as inflammation, puffiness, sores, halitosis, plaque accumulation,
or changes in the colour and texture of the gums.
Question 116
What may be a sign that your client has a dental problem?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0303 - Assisting with Oral Hygiene, Lesson 2:
Signs and Symptoms of Mouth Problems.
Answer: Bad breath, red or swollen gums, tooth sensitivity, or visible cavities.
Question 117
What safety precautions must be taken into consideration about shaving a client with safety
razors?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0300 - Assisting with Personal Care Through
ADLs, Lesson 3: Personal Hygiene.
Answer: Make sure to clean the client’s skin beforehand. Use gel or cream for the shave’s
lubrication and apply it generously. Furthermore, use sharp razors to minimise skin nicks, and
ensure the client’s skin is both clean and dry beforehand.
24
Question 118
When shaving with a safety razor, it is important to:
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0300 - Assisting with Personal Care Through
ADLs, Lesson 3: Personal Hygiene.
Answer: Hold the razor at a slight angle, use short, gentle strokes, and avoid pulling the skin
taut.
Question 119
What is the recommended way to reduce incontinence in a client with end-stage Alzheimer's?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE1200 - Overview of Dementia Care, Lesson 4:
Dementia Care at Each Stage of Alzheimer's.
Answer: Implement a consistent toileting schedule, provide reminders to use the bathroom, and
consider using absorbent pads or adult diapers.
Question 120
How often should nail care be performed with older adult clients?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0300 - Assisting with Personal Care Through
ADLs, Lesson 3: Personal Hygiene.
Answer: Based on a client’s condition, growth pattern, and change, nail care should be
performed on a weekly basis or as required.
Question 121
What is one benefit of passive range of motion exercise?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0404 - Assisting with Range of Motion Exercises,
Lesson 4: Passive Range of Motion for the Bedridden Older Adult.
Answer: It prevents joint stiffness, maintaining flexibility, and promoting circulation.
Question 122
What is one benefit of passive range of motion exercise?
Answer: It reduces muscle atrophy and preventing contractures.
Question 123
You are working with a client doing active range of motion exercises for the shoulder. The client
25
complains of pain. What should you do?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0404 - Assisting with Range of Motion Exercises,
Lesson 3: Active Range of Motion.
Answer: Stop the exercise immediately, assess the pain level, and report it to the healthcare
provider.
Question 124
When assisting an older adult with walking, which one of the following should you do?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0300 - Assisting with Personal Care Through
ADLs, Lesson 2: Mobility, Transfers & Repositioning.
Answer: Position yourself alongside the older adult's stronger side and use a gait device
(e.g., walker) if required by the care plan.
Question 125
When using proper body mechanics to assist your client, you should:
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0300 - Assisting with Personal Care Through
ADLs, Lesson 2: Mobility, Transfers & Repositioning.
Answer: Keep your back straight, bend at the knees, and use your legs to lift or move the client
rather than your back.
Question 126
How do you transfer an older adult from a bed to a wheelchair?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0300 - Assisting with Personal Care Through
ADLs, Lesson 2: Mobility, Transfers & Repositioning.
Answer: Ensure the wheelchair is locked and positioned close to the bed. Assist the client to sit
up, then guide them to slide onto the wheelchair while maintaining balance and support.
Question 127
When you turn an older adult in bed, what can they do to assist and help make the roll easier?
Answer: The client can help by bending their knees, using their arms to push off, and
coordinating their movements with your guidance.
26
Question 128
What should a caregiver do to help a client who has had a stroke prevent contractures?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0506 - Overview of Care After a Stroke, Lesson 2:
Activities of Daily Living After a Stroke.
Answer: Perform regular range of motion exercises, ensure proper positioning, and use splints
or supports as needed.
Question 129
Where should you stand when helping a client to walk who is weak on their left side?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0506 - Overview of Care After a Stroke, Lesson 2:
Activities of Daily Living After a Stroke.
Answer: Stand on the client's stronger (right) side to provide support.
Question 130
When assisting a client to transfer from a bed to a wheelchair, where should you place the
wheelchair?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0403 - Overview of Transfers and Mobility
Equipment, Lesson 2: Transfers.
Answer: Position the wheelchair close to the bed, facing the foot of the bed, and lock the brakes.
Question 131
You are transferring a client from a bed to a wheelchair using a walker. How should you hold the
client's gait belt?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0403 - Overview of Transfers and Mobility
Equipment, Lesson 2: Transfers.
Answer: Hold the gait belt firmly with both hands, keeping your back straight and knees bent for
stability.
Question 132
Your client uses a wheelchair. When should you lock the wheelchair brakes?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0403 - Overview of Transfers and Mobility
Equipment, Lesson 1: Mobility Equipment.
27
Answer: Lock the brakes whenever the client is not moving, such as during transfers or when
the client needs to sit still.
Question 133
Which safety precaution must always be taken when using a Hoyer lift to lift a client?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0403 - Overview of Transfers and Mobility
Equipment, Lesson 3: Lifts.
Answer: Ensure the lift is properly assembled and tested, check the weight capacity, and follow
all manufacturer guidelines.
Question 134
Your client falls while you are helping him walk to the bathroom. He is conscious and has no
obvious signs of injury. What should you do?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0403 - Overview of Transfers and Mobility
Equipment, Lesson 3: Lifts.
Answer: Assess the client for any pain or discomfort, reassure them, and help them get up
slowly. If they feel okay, continue monitoring them for any delayed symptoms.
Question 135
If you have a client who has "left neglect," what should you do?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0506 - Overview of Care After a Stroke, Lesson 2:
Activities of Daily Living After a Stroke.
Answer: Encourage the client to use their left side more actively, provide verbal cues to draw
attention to the neglected side, and position objects on the left side to promote awareness.
Question 136
Which age-related change is most likely to be the reason behind poor nutrition in an older adult?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0600 - Nutrition, Food Prep & Meals For
Professional Caregivers, Lesson 1: Nutrition and Older Adults.
Answer: Decreased appetite due to changes in taste and smell, reduced mobility, or difficulty
chewing or swallowing.
28
Question 137
Your client doesn't want to eat at mealtimes. What should you do?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0506 - Overview of Care After a Stroke, Lesson 5:
Nutrition Concerns After a Stroke.
Answer: Offer smaller, more frequent meals; make food visually appealing; ensure the
environment is comfortable; and encourage social eating if possible.
Question 138
Why is it important to follow the care plan carefully when feeding a client who has dysphagia
after a stroke?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0506 - Overview of Care After a Stroke, Lesson 5:
Nutrition Concerns After a Stroke.
Answer: Following the care plan ensures that the client receives appropriate textures and
consistencies of food to prevent choking and aspiration, which can lead to serious complications
like pneumonia.
Question 139
Which one of the following conditions is more likely in older adults who are overweight or
obese?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0509 - Obesity & Weight Management, Lesson 1:
Overweight and Obesity in the Older Adult.
Answer: Conditions such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, and sleep
apnea are more common in overweight or obese older adults.
Question 140
Undernutrition increases the risk of:
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0600 - Nutrition, Food Prep & Meals For
Professional Caregivers, Lesson 1: Nutrition and Older Adults.
Answer: Undernutrition increases the risk of weakened immune function, muscle wasting,
slower wound healing, and increased susceptibility to infections.
29
Question 141
Which age-related change is most likely to be the reason behind poor nutrition in an older adult?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0600 - Nutrition, Food Prep & Meals For
Professional Caregivers, Lesson 1: Nutrition and Older Adults.
Answer: Decreased appetite, reduced mobility, or difficulty chewing/swallowing.
Question 142
What is dysphagia?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0601 - Modifying Diets to Assist with Difficulty
Chewing, Lesson 3: Identify and Implement Ways to Decrease Risk.
Answer: Dysphagia is a condition characterized by difficulty swallowing food or liquids.
Question 143
What modified liquid diets have the consistency of tomato juice?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0600 - Nutrition, Food Prep & Meals For
Professional Caregivers, Lesson 2: Food Prep and Meals.
Answer: Modified liquid diets with the consistency of tomato juice typically fall under the
"nectar-thick" category.
Question 144
What condition may cause an older adult to have difficulty chewing or swallowing food?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0601 - Modifying Diets to Assist with Difficulty
Chewing, Lesson 1: Recognizing When a Modified Diet is Needed.
Answer: Conditions such as dental problems, oral health issues, stroke, Parkinson's disease, or
certain neurological disorders can cause difficulty chewing or swallowing.
Question 145
Which words in a list of ingredients indicate that the food is high in salt?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0501 - Overview of Heart Disease Care, Lesson 2:
Managing Heart Disease.
Answer: Words like "sodium," "salt," "monosodium glutamate (MSG)," or "disodium
phosphate" indicate high salt content.
30
Question 146
What categories of foods are good sources of calcium?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0503 - Overview of Diabetes Mellitus Care, Lesson
2: Nutrition and ...
Answer: Good sources of calcium include dairy products (milk, cheese, yogurt), leafy green
vegetables (kale, spinach), fortified plant-based milks, tofu, and canned fish with bones (e.g.,
sardines, salmon).
Question 147
Your client is at risk of choking while eating. While following the care plan, what would be the
best way to assist them?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0300 - Assisting with Personal Care Through
ADLs, Lesson 5: Assisting with Eating & Drinking.
Answer: Ensure the client sits upright, provide smaller bites or softer foods, monitor their
swallowing, and encourage them to chew thoroughly before swallowing.
Question 148
How many glasses of water per day should the adult client have to prevent dehydration?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0300 - Assisting with Personal Care Through
ADLs, Lesson 5: Assisting with Eating & Drinking.
Answer: The general recommendation is for adults to consume about 8-10 glasses (64-80
ounces) of water per day, but this can vary based on individual needs and health conditions.
Question 149
Why might your client need a liquid or soft food diet after hospital discharge?
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0505 - Overview of Care After Hospital Discharge,
Lesson 4: Diet and Nutrition After Hospital Discharge.
Answer: A liquid or soft food diet may be necessary if the client has difficulty chewing or
swallowing, has undergone surgery affecting the digestive system, or requires easier-to-digest
foods due to medical conditions like dysphagia or gastrointestinal issues.
Question 150
What should be limited in a heart-healthy diet?
31
Feedback: This material is covered in CARE0501 - Overview of Heart Disease Care, Lesson 2:
Managing Heart Disease.
Answer: A nutritious plan for your heart minimises saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol,
sodium, and added sugars. These factors can cause high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and
raise the risk of heart disease.
