MGT411 Exam 1 Study guide
Case videos
Chapter 1
What is leadership?
The process of exerting intentional influence towards the ideas of others toward and
organizational goal or vision.
Leaders pertains to individuals rather than organizations
Leadership is a process rather than simply referring to people in formal leadership roles that is
(roles do not necessarily mean leadership)
1- Is there a difference between leadership in management? managers deal with quo and
leaders change the status quo
Managers do things right and leader the right thing.
Management: accept and use status quo for work
Leadership: continually seek improvement quo
2- Are leaders born or made?
Born argument: genetically predetermined leadership qualities
Made argument: training and development can lead to better leaders
Leaderships skills can be learned and developed to a large degree throughout one’s
lifetime
3- Why exactly is leadership so important for organizations?
- Attraction and retention of better performers
- Employees become committed to firms with effective leaders
- Organizational performance and innovation
Personal impact for being a leader: relation to career progress, to fulfillment and
happiness. Self-leadership and corporate ladder or a successful entrepreneur.
4- How does context affect leadership?
Context is the circumstances which a leader finds himself
- Decisions need to be quickly
- Nature of the task’s settings facing the leader
- Cultural or geographical circumstances
5 Principals:
1- Consider leaders, followers and the context
2- Lead by example
3- Lead by wandering around
4- Give recognition
5- Be here now
Chapter 2
Traits: distinguishing characteristics, physical, cognitive and emotional
Great man approach attempts to identify individual or set of traits that distinguish leaders from
non-leaders
5 traits, how to apply
Psychological traits:
1- Passion and drive:
internal locus of control, what happens is due to his actions and efforts
external locus of control, luck or fate determines outcomes in life
2- Self and other awareness:
SA: understanding of one’s own beliefs and values. People who are highly in tune to their
emotions
AO: recognize other strengths and fears. Show empathy.
Emotional intelligence: ability to deal with one’s own and as well as others’ emotions, is a
key quality for effective leadership
To managers: emotions are nuisance
To leaders: emotions should be embraced and harnessed
Self-management: able to control own emotions
Relationship management: connect with other emotionally
3- Motive profile:
- Need for achievement: desire to accomplish and obtain individual recognition
Best level of need: more moderate level of need for achievement is good
- Need for affiliation: desire close relationships while avoiding conflict
Best level of need: a more moderate need for affiliation is best
- Need for power: desire to influence/control others
Types:
Personalized power: all about the leader and his personal interests
Socialized power: to the benefits of others.
Best level of need: strong need for socialized powers is a good combo
4- Character: moral excellence and firmness on the part of a leader
1- Integrity: often 1st characteristic that we consider for a leader, commission and omission
(walking the talk and transparency)
2- Genuine/authentic: leaders are themselves
3- Internal accountability: strong sense of responsibility towards others/ acceptance of
personal repercussions
5- Complexity and paradoxical nature: good leaders are complex.
Gaining control by giving up control- only true way to gain control is to give it up
Analytic but intuitive- leaders are not afraid to rely on their gut
Rebel but with a cause- out there or off the wall
Leader behavior styles:
1- Generalized leader behavior: Relations-oriented behavior
-Respect ideas/feelings
-Establish trust
-Listen to problems
-Resolving personal or interpersonal problems
2- Task-oriented:
-Work scheduling
-Directing work activities
-Maintaining efficiency
-Enforcing rules
3- Decision- making leader behavior:
1- Autocratic manner: makes decisions alone
2- Consultant manner: consult with the followers
3- Participation/facilitation presents the nature of problem to followers so then work
on it together
4- Delegate: involves one or more followers deriving a decision pertain to a problem on
their own
Leading with love: can be likened to relations-oriented leadership on steroids
Shows compassion, makes work fun and reduce fear in workplace by showing deep
understanding and compassion for the individual
5 skills of successful leaders:
- Persuasion: persuade other to join mission
- Leadership: having compelling vision for the future
- Personal accountability: demonstrate initiative, self-confidence and willingness to take
responsibility
- Goal orientation: focusing efforts on meeting a goal
- Interpersonal skills: the glue that holds the other 4 skills together
DISC: min 10:30
Chapter 3
Leadership: forming and maintaining relationships over time
Relationships: key to influence process essential to leader effectiveness
Targeted individuals for relationship building peers, superiors, customers and followers
Leader member exchange: initial contact between leader and follower
1- leader involvement in follower selection into team
2- leader placement into existing context of followers (promos, transfer and so forth)
Leader and followers form or evolve; how a follower assumes roles, how a leader acts toward
follower and chemistry occurs.
Tangible exchanges: economic or productivity based. salary for satisfactory performance
Intangible exchange: trust is a powerful factor, followers likely to be motivated
In groups: Based on intangible exchanges, good performance and similar values
Characteristics
Leader: granting autonomy and responsibility, support and encourage, allow mistakes, allow for
follower input, show trust
Follower: strong performance assumes responsibility, has values similar to leader, shows loyalty,
demonstrate trust worthiness
Out groups: tangible exchanges based, poor performance, different background, lack of trust
Characteristics:
Leader: assigns routine tasks and closely monitors, points out mistakes by follower, doesn’t
allow for follower input, little trust
Follower: weak performance, has values different from leader, lack of loyalty, lack of
trustworthiness
In group vs out group
-Some followers may be in between both in and out group
-All followers are in the out group (poor leader result)
-All followers are in the ingroup
“One bad apple can spoil lunch”- if out group membership is allowed to fester and linger its
likely to harm dynamics over team (dilemma of a leader)
“Out group member sets poor performance is acceptable”
-Burdens other workers
-Have poor relations with followers
-Negative impact on team
Solution for out groups: for leaders: maintain leading with love philosophy (monitor favoritism),
for followers: reciprocation to effective leadership
Good followers:
-Perform to best ability
-Being punctual and conscientious
-Showing loyalty
Danger of too much emphasis on fit: reduction of diversity, lack of change and group think
Groupthink: when members become cohesive and refuse even listen to points of view in
outside info that runs counter decision-making process
Leader may influence:
Peers: to gain/cooperate on relevant info for the team effectiveness
Customers/clients: to ensure they will be satisfied
Suppliers: to ensure supplies are high quality and delivered on time
Superiors: to ensure that the leader has the necessary info/resources and be part of boss
ingroup
Political savvy: effectively understand others at work and use knowledge to influence how
others act.
4 components
- Social astuteness: ability to penetrate deeply into ideas, accurately understand and
interpret (highly self-aware of themselves)
- Interpersonal influence:
- Networking ability: understand nature of how networks work so they can position both
themselves and the orgs success (recognition and cultivation of weak ties, knowing a lot of
influential people)
- Apparent sincerity: leader not honest so everyone sees through him and the relation is
damaged (leader seen as manipulator)
Communication:
1- Rapptor
2- Understand and appreciate the world
3- Ask questions
4- Listen
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