Harm's stalking
As mentioned earlier, some states' stalking laws need to include a specific harm
element. State-specific definitions vary, but in general, victim dread is what this
component entails. Usually, the fear is of the victim's physical harm or
death.Alaska Statute § 11.41.270 (a), www.ncvc.org/src/main.aspx?
dbID=DB_Alaska803; or harm to the victim's property; or Ala. Code § 13A-6-
90, accessed February 22, 2011, www.ncvc.org/src/main.aspx?
dbID=DB_Alabama390.Accessed February 22, 2011, at
www.ncvc.org/src/main.aspx?dbID=DB_Texas176, Tex. Penal Code §
42.072(a) (1) (C). To determine the harm factor, states also use several tests.
Tex. Penal Code Section 42.072, retrieved February 22, 2011,
www.ncvc.org/src/main.aspx?dbID=DB_Texas176, states may demand both
subjective and objective terror. own personal fear,or simply objective terror
(Alaska Stat. § 11.41.270 (a), accessed February 22, 2011,
www.ncvc.org/src/main.aspx?dbID=DB_Alaska803).www.ncvc.org/src/main.as
px?dbID=DB_Maryland678 Md. Code Ann. § 3-802. Subjective fear requires
that the victim feel fear. A rational victim under comparable circumstances
would feel terror, which is known as objective fear.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
An illustration of stalking harm
Examine Section 10's example of the stalking act. Elliot must inflict reasonable
fear on Lisa in order for stalking to be considered in jurisdictions that require
both subjective and objective victim fear as a damage factor. In a jurisdiction
where subjective victim fear is the only requirement, Elliot must make Lisa feel
afraid, whether that fear is justified or not. Elliot must behave in a way that
would make a reasonable victim in a comparable situation feel afraid in a
jurisdiction that merely requires objective terror. Remember that in a
jurisdiction where Lisa must feel subjective dread, Elliot cannot be found guilty
of stalking if Lisa knows of a situation that makes it improbable that he will
fulfill his threat.
An Illustration of a Case Without the Kidnapping Act
When Joseph enters Abby's house, he finds her seated on the couch. Abby has a
clear view of the sidewalk and street through a picture window in front of the
couch. Joseph takes Abby off the couch in the living area and pulls her into the
bedroom to rape her in order to evade detection. If asportation is required by the
kidnapping legislation in Joseph's state, then Joseph has most likely not done
the criminal act element necessary for kidnapping. When Joseph grabbed Abby,
he confined her violently. The fact that he moved Abby from the couch to the
bedroom, however, seems to be related to the rape offense, which is insufficient
in most countries to qualify as kidnapping asportation.
