THE ROLE OF HISTORY AS A SCIENCE IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Name : Leya Alfares
Professor : Rose Penasaran Ya
Date : July, 2024
Week : 1
Introduction
The 21st century is a time when the flow of information and the development of science
and technology has occurred so quickly that it has led to the phenomenon of information
disruption. Such conditions will increasingly become more settled and felt in almost all parts of
the world, given the openness of information and the phenomenon of information disruption is a
phenomenon that is inevitable. This certainly has a broad impact on human life which can be
seen when humans have experienced waves of civilization, namely agricultural and industrial,
and now have faced the third world civilization, namely post-industrial civilization or post-
industrial civilization (Toffler, 1989: 36).
The rapid development of science and technology has triggered the phenomenon of
modernization in various fields on an ongoing basis. This development then also forces humans,
both individuals and groups - even social institutions at various levels to review the various
policies that have been taken. This is so that the policies that emerge afterwards can adapt and
quickly develop. In order to be more accurate, effective, efficient, and targeted. However, on
the other hand, the making of these various policies, in line with the times, has also become
increasingly complicated, more complex and overlapping due to the variety of problems and
social conditions of society, so that their resolution cannot satisfy the various human interests
that exist (Alfian, 29-11-1994).
Although it leaves various problems, the development of science and technology
remains a dominant factor in achieving the concept of sustainable development. Various
modern technologies and concepts - such as green technology, and blue economy, are currently
important determinants for human development in the future, which need to be managed
properly so that they can become a competitive advantage in the future. This rapid situation and
conditions make various policies and human cultural developments not durable and only
temporal, while on the other hand dealing with the diversity of human cultural conditions. So,
from here the historical dimension (the past) can be seen from the present which is also running
fast. What has happened then becomes important to review. The rapid development of
situations and conditions also requires a contemplation for scientists/academics about the role
they will play, as well as the attitudes they must take when dealing with this phenomenon of
rapid change. No exception among (professional) historians / historical scientists where they
need to revisit their role so far by looking for various alternative ways, including the question of
how to write history (historiography).
When it comes to the development of a nation at large, history does not only play a role
as a tap of knowledge or an information provider. History plays a role in providing enlighment
for the community to raise awareness of society (nation and state). Therefore, it is only natural
that history - especially in United States, has an important standard that is based not only on
knowledge, but also on the formation of wisdom in order to form the attitude, character, and
personality of the community.
For this reason, (the science of) history then becomes important as a way to be able to
incorporate the role and value of history in real behavior patterns in the midst of society. By
looking at the patterns of behavior that appear, the psychological condition will be known based
on the level of appreciation of the meaning and essence of history in the present and the future.
Thus, history can play an important role in shaping the character of a society. This is because it
is closely related to the concept of development itself, where broadly speaking, development -
as the foundation of sustainable development, is the development of the attitudes, mentality and
spirituality of a nation. This also means that in an effort to build a nation, it is necessary to
review the various attitudes and work of a nation in the past. Such an attitude is the result of
historical contemplation, where the life of a nation in the present is actually a continuation of
life in the past, and life in the future is the result of life in the present. This becomes important
again to be strengthened as an asset in sustainable development, especially in United States,
considering that history for the United States nation still does not seem to be an important
concern in the lives of its people.
Research Methods
This article is a conceptual review. It should be understood that historical research is
basically library research, which aims to examine various events in the past through various
sources, mainly written sources. Therefore, this article is also supported by a descriptive
qualitative approach with data searches conducted by literature studies. Writing is done through
the process of extracting data from various reference sources that discuss various articles /
writings related to various literature on the role of history as a science in sustainable
development. These various sources are published in public media, so they can be accessed
through various places (libraries) and internet media openly (Prayogi, 2021). This article can be
an elaboration of various related articles and writings. Similarly, this article is more of a
synthesis of existing writings, to be seen in relation to what can be done in the current context.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
Results And Discussion
The Concept of Sustainable Development in History
The history of the concept of Sustainable Development was first proposed in the forum
of the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockhlom in mid-1972. This conference
forum was motivated by global concerns about the phenomena (mainly) of poverty which is
increasingly protracted, giving rise to inequality and social injustice. The global problems of
food and the environment, as well as the realization that the natural resources available to
support development are very limited, also contributed to the background of this conference
forum.
Historically, if we refer to history, the initial trigger for the concept of sustainable
development itself is in the form of global concerns about the phenomenon of natural resource
scarcity, where such forms of concern have actually occurred long before the 20th century,
especially if we trace various social (historical) writings in the past. The most phenomenal
example can be found in the classic work of Thomas Robert Malthus in 1789. In his writing
entitled An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus described a fear of rapid human
population growth - which was then not matched by food availability, especially his description
of the rapid industrial development in the 19th century which was accompanied by natural
pollution and the emergence of slum areas - an area with poor sanitation. This was followed by
social changes in society in the form of social anarchism, including the growth of movements
related to environmental and public health in urban populations. Proto-enviromentalist ideas
then emerged in several radical strands of 19th century thought. Meanwhile, strides were also
made with the scientific and systematic understanding of the inter-relationships between natural
species, populations and their environments as in Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the origins
of ecological science. (Goodland, 1975)
Malthus' description later raised awareness, such as in the 1960s, which led to the
emergence of movements against environmental pollution from the effects of industrialization,
which paid more attention to the inter-relationship between human activities and the natural
environment. Using a "systems" approach and computer models, in 1972 the Limit of Growth
was born, one of the projects of the Club of Rome, an organization of individuals who shared a
common concern for the future of humanity. Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, Limit of
Growth is a study of the inter-relationship between population, industrial growth, food
production, and the limitations of ecosystems on Planet Earth. Various ideas about "sustainable
development" then flowed and became more widespread, especially in the mid-1980s, when the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Influential World Conservation Strategy
(1980) proposed the concept of Sustainable Development, or a development that considers
ecosystem functions and biodiversity to be maintained. However, despite the large amount of
literature / works that were born related to the concept of sustainable development, in fact the
concept was not immediately widely accepted. It was only later in 1987, in a conference forum
through the Brundtland Commission report, that it was stated that Sustainable Development
took the concept of "borrowing" instead of "inheritance", which is a development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
In the United States context, the concept of sustainable development was first
introduced and outlined in national policy through Presidential Decree Number 13 of 1989
concerning the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) and TAP MPR Number II/MPR/1993
concerning the Outlines of State Policy (Erwin, 2008). Although long before that, during the
Dutch East Indies, there were environmental regulations/ordinances issued. As in the
Stipulation of Governor General Indenburg in 1916, namely Parelvisscherij,
Sponssenvisscherijordonantie (Stbl. 1916 Number 157). This regulation regulates pearl
fisheries and sponge fisheries. Then, in 1920, the Governor General's Stipulation Number 86,
namely Visscherijodonnatie (Stbl 1920 Number 396) which regulates fisheries to protect the
state of fish. Another ordinance in a related field is the Kustvisscherijordonnatie (Stbl 1927
Number 144). In addition, there is also an ordinance that is very important for the environment,
namely the Hidnder-Ordonnantie (Stbl 1926 Number 226) which was amended / added to the
last Stbl 1940 Number 450, namely the "nuisance ordinance". In the field of industrial
companies, the Bedrijfsregelemen-teringsordonnantie 1934 (Stbl 1938 Number 80 jo. Stbl 1948
Number 224) was also issued, as well as many other similar ordinances (Hardjasoemantri,
2017). Meanwhile, during the Japanese occupation in United States, it can be said that there
were no special rules regarding the environment. The rules issued by the Japanese government
at that time were related to the prohibition of logging aghata, alba and balm trees. Logging can
be done based on permission from Gunzeikan. This is based on Osuma S. Kanrei Number 6,
which is regarding the prohibition referred to above. The existence of this provision is closely
related to the Japanese government's need for the three types of wood in question which they
use to make gliders as a means of transporting army logistics (Hardjasoemantri, 2017)....
The Science of History and its Role in Nation Building
The development of historiography at the global and local levels in United States itself
has experienced significant development. Various traditions of historical writing/historiography
carried out by several great civilizations have been able to have an impact on the lives of other
nations. In this case, the works of historians from several great civilizations are then able to
inspire and have an impact on the formation of the character and character of a nation as a
nation of money able to stand on its own feet in its scientific development (Indriyanto,
December 29, 1989).
In modern times, people who master information technology can become people who
are able to determine the direction and orientation of their knowledge. Scientific development
will then become more inclusive so that it can be accessed by a wide audience. In short, science
and technology will not be the monopoly of a certain group of people only, just as the
past/history was studied only by monks and nuns in historical temples. With the development of
the times, the information revolution took place. Every aspect of science and technology then
competes to be used and applied openly. Consequently, science and technology must become
adaptive and then practical-applicative. This development is also what history as a discipline is
trying to achieve. Thus, writing history based on documentation and developing into
developmentalism becomes very urgent to be considered by various parties. Not only that, the
predictive nature of historical science is then required to be able to answer various future
orientation interests (becoming what is known as future history). Therefore, not only
ideographic in nature, history in modern times then developed nomothetically (Notosusanto,
1979: 7).
In the context of a science, history then goes according to its nature to become more
perfect, rational, objective, and in accordance with other scientific traditions. Such
developments in the current era are natural and must occur considering that history is the child
of the times and each generation will write its own history. At this point then, history must play
a role in facing the challenges of the times. With such rapid changes, history also undergoes
transformation/change. Change here certainly does not mean that the thoughts of historians in
the past no longer have relevance, but means that history as a science must be able to play a role
in the process of social transformation of society related to nation building. Thus, the science of
history will not become a science that is not "authoritative" in the arena of science.
The contemporary world at that time demanded that every discipline be a tool, and not
just an end in itself. The dictum that science works for the sake of science has been considered
using because it only creates a disparity between scientists and the reality of the society in
which they live. For historical science, various methodologies and curricula that are suitable in
the process of supporting the relevance and compatibility of history as a science with aspects of
science and technology and other developments of the times must absolutely be developed. The
dictum of science working for science, makes science become isolated and raises the
phenomenon of ivory towers, giving the impression of luxury and "counter-productive". As
Benedetto Croce said, the present or contemporary must dominate selection and analysis.
Especially from the point of view of the present-minded, the discipline of history must be able
to increase quantitative and qualitative understanding of the problems around us, and help find
solutions for a more ideal future. As a result, history does not become a dry, dull science that is
irrelevant to the present, let alone the 21st century. So, history with its social function must also
provide information about the causes of a certain pattern of behavior (Ibrahim Alfian, 29-11-
1994).
If it is assumed that the development of the times is in line with the development
process then, as Samuel P. Huntington's view states, there will be a phenomenon where people
will miss their culture in the past, because of its organic nature that is able to make humans
more human when compared to the mechanical nature that afflicts human life in the
development of an increasingly advanced era (Huntington, 1993). If so, (the science of) history
is increasingly gaining relevance. History, which is the collective memory of the past, which
concerns various aspects of the socio-cultural journey of a society, will become a mirror for life
today. This is because history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and
historians can then become transmitters of collective memory culture. The science of history,
then, plays an important role in the process of building a nation's identity. The ability to teach
history will have the effect of continuing to inspire the cultural development of society.
Through history we know the actions, thoughts and struggles of humans in revealing their fate
in the past. History supports the foundation of a nation's personality in the form of conditions
provided and inherited from experience. Historical knowledge provides a foundation for
determining the direction of struggle into the future.
Historians as those who develop history as a science, of course, then have an important
significance that cannot be separated in the role of historical science in development, historians
must be able to accelerate the development of historical science so that it is more applicable in
responding to the challenges of the times and community development. In this case, historians
must be able to experiment with various actions to regulate these changes. Historians are also
required to be able to review the format of the role they will take while still being able to keep
up with the times. Historians must be able to come into direct contact with real problems in
society, which therefore must have predictive abilities into the future. Consequently, historians
must not only talk about the past, but also predict the future (Snow, 1961). This ability gives
historians the "burden" to be able to overcome various problems related to the development
process in society. Historians must then be able to do social engineering in each of their
historical analyses, in the form of planning and building institutions, which aim to restrain,
control, or accelerate the emergence of certain social changes (Popper, 1964).
The Function and Awareness of History in Sustainable Development
In the context of sustainable development, history as a science has a role to play in
realizing one of the goals - although it can also be applied to several other goals, namely
ensuring adequate and inclusive quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
for all people. Although there is still an assumption that history does have pragmatic uses
including for education and national identity building, it does not have practical uses.
Therefore, history is not considered part of the collective intelligence. When it comes to the role
of social sciences in development, history is always left out (Maelissas, 2007). In this case, the
importance of history for sustainable development does not refer to the nature of its writing
(scientific history and popular history), but to its function, especially the function of history as a
story (scientific historical writing). The functions of history (as a story) that need to be
understood are informative functions, educational functions, inspirational functions, and
pragmatic functions (Hardjasaputra, 2015).
The informative function can mean that through historical information, a nation becomes
more aware of its identity. This is because history can provide information about the origin of a
nation so that what is done actually has a strong historical footing. The educative function can
mean that the informative function can be an important learning - holistically. This learning is
then accompanied by a critical attitude so that moral learning can also be drawn. Such things
ultimately become important for sustainable development, especially if it is associated with
several principles in sustainable development, namely an integrative-holistic approach and
using a long-term perspective - not only the present and the future, but also involving the
perspective of the past. The inspirational function can mean that all past experiences can serve
as inspiration to behave and act or be creative in facing life today. Human life today is actually
filled and equipped with experiences from ancestors. The knowledge, intelligence, and skills
that currently exist are basically the experiences of ancestors and parents who experienced the
transmission process. These experiences are then added and refined to be passed on to future
descendants (Ali, 2005). In the context of sustainable development, these things are certainly
very much related to the concept of "sustainability" that exists, both in history and in the
concept of sustainable development itself. The pragmatic function can mean that all the
functions that previously existed can be a reference material for stakeholders in making various
policies and work programs that support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
These historical functions are important to be understood properly and correctly as learning
materials in the development process at large.
"Hana nguni hana mangke, tan hana nguni tan hana mangke" ("If there was then there is
now, if there was not then there will not be now"). Such is the expression in one of the ancient
Sundanese manuscripts. This expression means that history is a process of continuity. Thus, we,
by referring to our ancestors (have the ability) to predict future life, which is expressed in a
statement called "uga" (a kind of prophecy). However, the functions of history can only be
understood properly if accompanied by historical awareness, namely the awareness to love
history and understand the importance of history (Hardjasaputra, 2015). Historical awareness is
a force that can make a nation stand upright despite various tests and trials. The nation will
experience the continuity of its life properly and appropriately. With this historical awareness, a
nation will also be able to participate in the future more realistically. Our historical journey into
the future has come to a crossroads between a period of inward-looking development and
outward-looking development (Maelissas, 2007). Although there are still problems, especially
the view that in general the function of history is not well understood by most people, efforts to
raise historical awareness still need to be seen from two sides. Not only from historians, the
general public also needs to understand the function and awareness of history well. This means
that history is not only used as a static collection of knowledge but can be applied in the
framework of regional and national development. Do not let the understanding of history be
limited to fairy tales, myths or legends that result in the function of history is not / not well
understood.
Conclusions
In this article, several things can be concluded, first, history has a significant meaning in
facing the times. History (as a science) plays a role in providing awareness (enlighment) for the
community to raise awareness of society (nation and state) as part of broad development efforts.
Second, sustainable development, as part of the concept of development, has a close relevance
to the science of history. In its historical journey, the concept of sustainable development is the
concept of continuity in development that can be traced in many works of social history of
society. Third, history is the collective memory of the past, which concerns various aspects of
the socio-cultural journey of a society that will serve as a mirror for life today. This is because
history can be a gateway in recognizing the culture of a nation, and historians can then become
transmitters of collective cultural memories. Thus, the science of history historians then play an
important role in the process of building a nation's identity. Not only that, historians also have
an important role in being able to answer real problems in society through their historical
knowledge. Fourth, in direct relation to sustainable development, history has a role to realize
one of the goals in sustainable development, namely ensuring quality education that is
appropriate and inclusive and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for all people. This
goal can be achieved by applying the four important functions of historical science so as to raise
historical awareness. History will be understood as important for sustainable development.
History then shows that historical continuity also leads to the importance of national unity. This
means that history is a medium for unifying the nation.
