GLOBAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: BALANCING TOURISM, WILDLIFE CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND INTER-AGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE

GLOBAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: BALANCING TOURISM, WILDLIFE

CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND INTER-AGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL

GOVERNANCE

ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY

SUMMER 2024

Global Tourism Resources- Regional Conflicts Analysis

As witnessed in several different parts of the world, in this argument, there seems to be

exponential measure of pressure placed on both the Bio-Physical environment and people due to

increased global Tourism. However, it is the common case that tourism constitutes the key

source of economic development; simultaneously, the vulnerability of the sector supply on the

natural amenities, cultural heritage, and specific biophysical settings results in dynamic pressure

on the socio-natural contexts. Local people and government organizations together with

consumers and investors in the tourism projects more often than not fail to get as many benefits

as possible and this has often taken the form of debates over the use of land and other resources

in different parts of the world. Since each of the two parties has its own self-interest, the delicate

balance between growth and conservation is still a problem which is looked at, round the globe.

These may include the resulting conflicts are the following may be Forgive relationship between

these groups particularly if tourism affects the lives of the people or the ecosystem poorly. It

means this situation is a typical example of the observed contradiction between the expansion of

the tourism business and the sound use of resources.

Once more, examples indicate that tourism thrives where there is an abundance of natural

or cultural endowments although there is often an underlying failure to address the local demand.

Certain areas of the globe have embraced something they call ozone tourism, a situation where

tourists vandalize the areas of interest. This problem can be presented by famous tourist

destinations to which one can mention Venice, Machu Picchu or Great Barrier Reef. Some

tourists are the effectors of reduced water quantity, modified ecosystems, and changed people’s

lives. This tourist may also bring in raise the standard cost of living on the locals and over

dependence on this tourism as the main source of income which is unsound as it changes with

the economy and seasons. Therefore, mass tourism has the unfavorable impact on the

environment as well as the sustainable and permanency of socio – cultural receiver units.

Most of the cooperation emerge when local and indigenous people cannot have any say in

it or when farming or religious land is converted to tourism site. For example, indigenous people

in some parts of Amazon feel the expansion of infrastructure due to the development of tourism

facilities. When local communities are physically transformed for the cost of tourism production,

this also eliminates social and cultural identity as well as the environment. Such confrontations

agitate the question of an indigenous friendly tourist strategy that does not harm indigenous

people or suppress their culture. If these problems are not being solved, it will be feared that

these groups may become more excluded and may affect cohesiveness or conversely there may

be a rebellion.

In addition, resource aspect reports that conflict exists in using simple and general

common natural gifts like water power and electricity, problems with which are caused by the

fact that these basic resources are transferred to satisfy the tourist requirements rather than the

locals’. There is tension in parts of the world with dry climates, whether island or desert country

as establishments such as hotels, resorts, time shares, and recreational services need significant

quantities of water to provide quality services. For this reason, local communities could be faced

with water issues, as in the Balinese example where development of tourist attraction put

pressure on water amenities to the detriment of agricultural and inhabitants. Again, there is

conflict between tourism demand and needs of host communities and need distribution is

unequal.

The struggle for right attitudes of tourists especially in resource utilization exposes the

imperative of avoiding conflict which could be latent or manifest due to resource exploitation.

Thus, some of the issues highlighted above are caused by the increase in the number of tourists

for the development of which effective regulations for tourists should mitigate some of these

issues by encouraging an increase in the levels of responsible social and environmental tourism.

For instance, standards defined in places like Bhutan, and Costa Rica permits a certain number of

people to visit these places in order to preserve the natural system. It is good to note that the

objective of these strategies is therefore to minimize the negative impact of tourism on the

physical environment of the region and on the population. At the same time, the attainment of

such balance is still a problematic experience because this calls for the interaction of all the

players and formulation of policies for the advancement of sustainable development. Lacking

these measures, the tourist sector is likely to further degrade the very resources on which, it so

much depends.

Wildlife Management Practices in India Region

India, in particular, has many species that it can host; some of these species are found

within the Indian region and are on the verge of extinction. These species are distributed in

various ecosystems including hillslope and in the tropical rain forests. Over time the ways to

control the wildlife population and distribute the species for the formation of a system of

protection has changed in India. These areas of conservation include national park, wildlife

sanctuary, biosphere reserve. Among the big ten conservation projects, which have been

implemented in India include; tiger project, which was initiated in 1973, and elephant project,

which was launched in 1992. All of these measures employ legal protection, geographical space

conservation and community embracement to help similar endangered species. These measures

have been taken, but still today wildlife management face several challenging questions in India

have been. These are invasion into protected areas, poaching, and lack of funds for supporting

any conservation activities which in a number of ways determine the distribution of resources

and, therefore, the sustainability of conservation measures. The considerations that have been

suggested for the matter can only reveal the need to have a conserve strategy that is integrative,

progressive and best fitted to fit the social structural and economical characteristics of the land.

It allows human society to gradually expand its domain into the ecosystem occupied by

wildlife making human wildlife conflict remain as one of the most difficult puzzles in the Indian

Wildlife Conservation Box. Contacts of people with the wild animals such as elephants,

leopards, tigers are increasing often enough in the territories where the zones of natural habitats

and cropped and urbanized land are intersecting. For instance, elephants of the southern and

northeastern districts of India are much in less interaction with the human population and only

invade fields and are occasionally lethal to human beings under some conditions. These forms of

encroachments enlighten the degree to which it is apparent that standard conservation brink lines

are insufficient; hence, habitat fragmentation and land conversion reduces the habitat space for

species, thereby increasing the likelihood of adversarial conflict. These are measures, which are

being taken in order to minimize some of effects of these conflicts as for instance compensation

of electric fences to farmers affected by crop destruction from conflict movements of people and

animals. These efforts are discouraged by other individuals living within the environment; such

people may feel that they are excluded when conservation decisions are being made or that

practices being undertook do not fully address all uses individuals may have.

As a result of the current emphasis placed on the community on the management of

wildlife, the Indian nation has had no option than to include the locals in conservation in a more

enhanced way. The people of the communities are engaged in the task of managing the forests as

well as in decision making and the local people are encouraged to help in the process of

reversing the process of destruction of the forests through implementation of priorities such as

Joint Forest Management. Reasonably good results have been seen in blacks such as felling trees

or killing animals in the protective forest through the community managed forests technique in

Rajasthan and Maharashtra. It means that the success proves that the theory of targeted species

and habitats protection is possible. Some of these programs may be accompanied by large-scale

economic incentives; such as, money generated from ecotourism; or, money earned from

producing forest products in some sustainable method. It also shows that these projects are in

harmony with the wellbeing of the community and creates a reciprocal- linked purpose of

protecting the wildlife. It is to guarantee objectives of conservation are appropriate by involving

the population through these programs. That is why these programs are appealing since people

are more thus likely to support and sustain such conservation initiatives if they are in a position

to enjoy the benefits as and when.

Safari to this day continues to hinder the preservation of wildlife in India while the

market for banned underworld business in products made from banned wildlife has become

fashionable for export across the globe is encouraging and fueling the acts of poaching. Big

game animals of the kind that attracts most hunters are hunted for the intent of transporting their

skins, bones and horns across borders particularly in Asia. To increase the anti-poaching

measures, Indian government is launching increased number of patrols, has implemented more

number of laws as well as has entered into cooperation with foreign anti-poaching organizations.

For example; drones, camera trap and GPS tracking equipment are used to take records of the

animals in order to record cases of poaching. This is the reason why regularization has

encountered serious difficulties especially where large and sometimes inaccessible, geographical

objects such as mountains have become the residence of endangered species while at the same

time achieving large-scale progress. Thus prevention of poaching needs activities that go beyond

the enforcement activity aimed at the decrease of demand for products of wildlife derived

through poaching. Therefore, programs in which local people are engaged in conservation

surveillance also have pointed to this as a possible avenue of checking on poaching business.

Programs always involve residents in its process of data acquisition

There is evidence that the Indian system of the organization of wildlife management

reflects the country’s efforts to conserve the biological diversity; still, a number of significant

challenges can be noted implying that India has to search for new solutions. Environmental

conservation is still topical in the quest to meet society and economic needs since the majority of

the residents rely on the forests and animals for their food supplies. If we apply the annual mode

of ecotourism projects, it is possible to combine the described types of measures within a single

perspective and attain both economic and environmental objectives at a time. For instance,

Ecotourism is another such activity which creates new streams of incomes for the original

dwellers of the region and at the same time helps in the conservation of wild lives in distressing

states of Madhya Pradesh and Uttarakhand. They also reduce the likelihood of resource

competition and enhance the local people’s interest in the achievement of other rather weaker

conservation objectives compared to the conservation goals by relating the two components,

goals and rewards. Data is also being looked for to see how financing and sustaining the

operation of conservational activity when the governmental funding is low, such as the use of

scientific based public private partnership. Such kinds of cooperation open a chance to invest

private capital in an ecotourism business interest or in an organization designed in wildlife

conservation through a joint effort towards promulgation of collective management of wildlife.

These fluctuations which include fluctuations in temperatures and amounts and

frequencies of rain make it even harder to husband the wildlife of India. This is because the

climate change impacts the place and place of species and other spinning the habitats. Climate

change may be the source of degradation of habitats, water scarcity and shift in plant so it may

be threatening to the existence of particular species. For instance, the Himalayan region where

both the snow leopard or the red panda or locations where they previously inhabited are

witnessing temperatures deemed unfit for existence; not to mention above appropriate for brand

critical and very sensitive biomes on which these are species reliant. It follows that

environmentalists in coordination with governmental institutions are looking for several

strategies to the frame of adaptive management. Some of them are area protection and

rehabilitation of areas that are affected or degraded. These goals of these strategies maybe to

enable establishment of ecological corridors that enable square in response to changes

occasioned by climate change. The information exchange and generation of methods that could

assist wildlife in India to cope with the effects of environmental shocks are made through

working with international conservation organizations. But for the effects to be felt for wildlife,

then a formula that transcends the single country is required. This is so because migratory

animals change from one nation to the other and ecosystems also change at the same instance.

Animals that shift from one country to another and ecosystems shift as well. That is the

experience India has had in wildlife management, about how hard the Centre has tried, and how

hobbling has it been in order to balance ecosystems and people, needs and the market. In this

context one has to stress that the conservation measures are under construction in regard to

newly emerged as well as in regard to well recognized difficulties. This is well depicted through

technology embracing of community engagements and management of flexibility strategies. To

promote the future development of wildlife conservation projects in India, more beneficial

involvements of governmental departments, non-governmental organizations and the inhabitants

of the regions should be stimulated as India goes forward. The long term sustainability will

therefore be dictated by the policies that will be put in place to endeavor to conserve while at the

same time meeting the social and economic aspects. This will ensure that the natural resources of

the country continue to grow and be free from the effects of population growth rate, increased in

the speed of development and or environment changes, as considered by Eric Wheeler. The

formulation and establishment of wildlife management strategies would not only enable the

management of the distinct ecosystems of India, but will also show by example to other countries

facing similar issues in the sphere of conservation as well as sustainable use of the natural biotic

production.

African Wildlife Conservation- Resource Use Studies

Continents differ in ecosystems and incidentally, place Africa as the world’s theatre of

global conservation with regard to bio-density. Here are commonly known animals; some of

which can be found in the African countries especially in the eastern and southern part of the

continent. They include elephants, then rhinos, lions and lastly leopards. Despite being very

important in replenishment of their ecological environment, these species start facing danger

with the sequence of loss of their natural habitat by expansion of human beings, and last but not

least is poaching. In the African region, measures used to address conservation consist of the

government protected areas, private owners reserve and community based conservation. This just

goes to underscore how much of a challenge management of wildlife on the continent is because

such systems have interdependent functions. Conservation of animals remains a challenge in this

and other ways even though much has been done on the same. These challenges include the

following; availability of limited resource, the growing population, and variation in the use of

land. This approach is so evident about animal conservation in Africa since the continent has

never stopped between economic development and conservation of species hence the need for

policies that is dynamic and involved.

Within the method of conservation, the method often referred to as community-based

conservation has been used more in eastern Africa. The choice of the people living in the given

regions is easy because wildlife conservation is a process easy to benefit from. This which is

applicable in Kenya and Tanzania in particular entails establishing conserved areas where people

pool resources to manage wildlife country in some instances, ecotourism being a potential value

addition stream that could be potentially sustainable economically. It means that the idea is

meant to involve interested community members in the concern through arousing their economic

self-interests vested on wildlife, and familiarizing them with trends in conservation. The Maasai

Mara conservancies in Kenya has offered to pay the Maasai landowners a percentage from the

tourist sales. It does not only give them adequate compensation for allowing people make use of

their property but it also produces cash which is an advantage to all the people in the community.

To achieve this target, the community-based plans enhance the community participation while

minimizing the community resistance against the conservation processes since the community

and the conservation are linked as the two legs that support the life cycle. As for these projects,

generation and distribution of revenue, and respective proper community support are needed, all

controlled by economical differences and difficulties in management. This makes it desirable

that the resources are fairly distributed even though this is not common in the process in other to

achieve sustainable productivity in the long-term.

Mexico alone as well as the rest of the countries in the southern Africa namely South

Africa, Namibia, Botswana to mention but a few has been at the forefront of earliest user of

conservational practices that embraced the use of public private partnerships. It is impossible to

talk about conservation without private reserves and national parks in this region. The private

game reserves surrounding national parks within South Africa provide sanctuary to the species

mentioned above since they remain endangered regarding poaching by other individuals. in some

of the private reserves are being manage under different model of operations; Well most of the

private reserves are tagged to high end ecotourism, thus there are a lot of dollars being pumped

into conservations. Also, several of the independent reserves support anti-poaching, breeding and

translocation for threatened species conservation. As similar approach, Namibia has encouraged

the wildlife conservancies that integrate the rural people into wildlife management. This has been

evidenced by the fact that the lives, in the conservancies, of animals have stagnated or risen due

to partnership with the private sector. The aforementioned is important given the fact that,

private reserves are usually located and provide services to such customers on one hand, as well

as superiors such concerns over openness and access to residents in the country on the other

hand. This is a persistent problem for market conservation approaches because it means the

pursuit of inclusion for private conservation approaches is always just out of reach.

Preferential confrontation towards human equivalent by wild animals continued to pose

one of the biggest challenges as far as the conservation of wildlife in Africa is concerned. This is

because man is constantly adding population pressures and bringing into production more lands

previously used in agriculture in a way that interferes with animals’ natural habitat. For instance,

there are regular conflicts between elephants and farmers because the routs that they follow pass

through farming land. This is perhaps even more so in the regions where elephants are tamed.

Such encounter may lead to destruction of crops, property destruction, loss of human life in the

worst case scenario. In this case, when the farmers make losses, their revenues reduce, and they

become pre-determined and destructive to the species conservation. Some of the conflict

reduction measures which have been implemented by some African countries in regard to the

situation include; formulation of wildlife corridors, extending construction electric fences as well

as compensation processes. Crossing structure designs could be used to maintain passing on

avian clearances, but they also limit people-wild interface at the same time. The earliest initiative

trying to manage conflict as well as distribute revenues relating to wildlife for conservation

purposes is the Communal Areas Management Program for Indigenous Resources or

CAMPFIRE in Zimbabwe. These are not always effective; the effectiveness in such cases which

is always dependent on the availability of capital, support and natural conditions in such a

project. It has also pointed to effort that has been made in an attempt to avert or, at least, manage

conflict with compromise situations, so as to argue to the necessity of finding solutions that seek

to balance conservation, both in economic terms for the community.

Studies considers poaching and the trafficking in wildlife as a constant danger to Africa’s

both wildlife because its primary targets like rhinos and elephants have remained some of the

most valued across the world. In the past few years’ physical methods used have come a long

way in development and are now in a position to apply hi-tech equipment such as; drones, GPS

tracking and night vision gadgets. Where most of the rhinos reside, most in South Africa, the

government has formed paramilitary type anti-poaching formations inside the Kruger National

Park and other reserves. These groups employ some compounds from the historical ranger

patrols in combination with superior supervising methods to combat rhino poaching. These

ranger incidents are avoided using partnerships with global institutions such as the Convention

on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. These relationships

provide the resource for and make inter organizational cooperation across national borders

possible. Said measures are still unable to discourage poachers from perpetuating the vice since

Asian markets exist for rhino horns and ivory for cultural and therapeutic purposes. Eradicating

the problem by just policing acts of law in attempts of addressing the cause of poaching from the

law calls for demand reduction through the public and policy making bodies.

Climate change now influences the availability and accessibility of water supply and food

items and state of environments influencing further strain in African animals. Famine and desert

plant and animal surroundings are among the rising dangers to existence of organisms in arid and

semiarid areas of the world such as Sahel because of reduced Availability of water and feed. In

such fluctuating conditions, the dangers that are vested on the lives of species that depend on

constant supply of water and certain categories of vegetation include; elephants and the

antelopes. For climate change challenges, conservationists in Africa are approaching towards

new management system. These involve; protection of species habitats, water resource

management, and species relocation of endangered species. Such cross-border initiatives like the

Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA) purport to establish large

functioning landscapes and movement corridors for species support, and Climate change. There

is an understanding that African nations are able to jointly diagnose and collectively address the

environmental changes that affect many systems and species; a brilliant example is KAZA.

Nevertheless, for the great prospective in climatic conservations of African wildlife, there is a

general necessity of balancing on the effective and sustainable management of the resources as

well as cooperation with international organizations.

The conservation in Africa might be described as the processes that can be considered as

a system or as a list of activities, which can mirror social, economic and biological African

perspectives. Threats, federal and global concerns, corporations, international and international

concern, regional and regional approach, retaining, personal protection, nationwide and

multinational attempts, are examples of diversified method of containing biodiversity. Worth

noticing also is the fact that different approaches have their own strength and weakness with it

which has also been highlighted below. This is so even of conservation has been highly

productive in Africa, resources are scarce, land is being used for other purposes, and for example

issues like climate change are other problems of conservation. Hence, to enhance the

sustainability of wildlife in Africa, it will be a must to go on supporting the programs of adaptive

management and respond for programs which accompany economic resources and incentives

vital for the conservation of existentialistic tendencies in nature. The failure of African

conservationist efforts to strive for the accomplishment of holding up one kind whether

beneficial or disadvantageous to the existent of an additional is a chance, providing those

working on such endeavors develop approaches that which fostered a relationship with people in

the corresponding area.

Pressure for development implementing the environmental protection measures impossible

In many foreign related development issues they are aggravating factors necessary for

environmental security, particularly in most developing nations with rudimentary or no adequate

environmental policies, indeed environmental conservation is still an auxiliary to development.

Mineral and energies are necessary requirements because of industrialization, urbanization as

well as infrastructure development where bio-diversity habitats are considered as an obstacle.

The development objectives in such regions as Southeast Asia, Africa, and parts of Latin

America are to obtain at assets, clear the land to make space for crop plantations or bring in

roads or other developments that damage systems. These accomplishments present enhanced

economic revenues within the short-term but they cause detrimental effects on ecosystems and

lead to amplified pollution levels; diminished biological density which in turn affect the quality

of life of the neighborhood inhabitants. It is considered that pressures mentioned above in fact

represent ramifications of environmental conservation at the cost of economic development

when the latter is important as the major aim of the development of states is the improvement of

people’s lives.

Second, because of the strengthening demands for various resources and territories,

urbanization in special fundamentally aggravates the pressure on the environment. This to a

degree leads to habitat degradation of wetlands, forests and other key ecological features and

points of interests by giving them over to urban use through conversion of magnitude pieces of

land. Big population groups have been concentrating in the urban centers particularly those in

Asia and Africa to mention but these; without adequate care on planning issues and

environmental monitor, pollutions and destruction of the natural ecosystems have been rising.

For example, social problems such as unrestricted growth of shanty towns leads to pollution,

floods and loss of bio-diversity in Indonesian cities such as Jakarta and Manila Philippine cities

respectively. Food security and agricultural lands are important to any nation and vision but not

often it is safe from being consumed in urbanization. Also continuous expansion of urban area

they generate more and more garbage, they have more and more energy demand which is

supplied by coal and other dangerous resources. There is the need to ensure progressive urban

growth and development of green space and any other environment. Reduction of impact

towards environment in habitation needs sustainable management of cities through incorporating

measures like efficient green space use, effective means of transport and friendly building

structures.

Big infrastructural projects like roads, railway, dams and power projects are some of the

projects which put special pressure on environment conservation and impact the animal species.

For example, in works like construction of roads; barriers occur; habitats divided, population of

animals and genetic stocks are crossed. In addition, with communication and, especially,

transport, including roads and railways, distance makes a contribution to the ability of the illicit

loggers and the wildlife traders. Although designed for irrigation or hydroelectric power, they

seriously affect ecology especially the riparian persons along the River and the River systems.

The big dams constructed at Mekong and Amazon have caused eviction of the first inhabitants of

the area, changes in the rivers water cycles and proved to be as barriers to fish migration. As

such as these kind of projects may provide energy and economic development, they create

devastating social economic effects. Such problems call for such exhaustive environmental

impacts because they may affect other project designs which are more considerate with

environment and the encouragement of the use of energy resources as compared to damaging

structures.

Due to growth in population density, forests and grasslands have to be deforested for the

purposes of agriculture; and as such , it is the biggest culprit for environmental degradation.

Thus, learning and afforestation are restricted in the tropical regions where species’ mortality

rates are high and forest clearance for cultivation prevails. Over fifty years into the warning the

practices continue today for instance chopping down trees in the Amazon rain forest for

production of soybeans and for practices such as cattle grazing. It defines the kind and nature of

species currently existing and released CO2, which is the cause of the elevated global climate. In

the same way, the grassland and the other habitats on which the species preservation in sub

Saharan Africa depends are threatened by the phenomenon of land use change for production of

agriculture. This aspect result to use of fertilizers, which makes water and soil dirty thus

affecting the wildlife in regions and plants. Techniques such as agroforestry, integrated pest and

organic farming, crop rotation and the like can help lessen the load on the environment but

farming remains at the heart of food and economic systems. It requires backing from the ruling

authority and the subsidies from the government and education programs which would explain

the goal of the protection of environment and the encouragement of efficient farming.

High human demand for minerals and fossil fuels translates to high pressures to extract

resources from ecosystems within many places. Extractive industries also come hand in hand

with loss of livelihoods and habitats; water sources are deforested, and freshwater is polluted as a

standard offering from these industries. For instance, in Central Africa, desertification of the

forest is prevalent since the region is involved in mining of cobalt and coltan and water

combinations by mines affects the water quality of water sources such as rivers and ground water

sources. Also, development for oil in the Niger Delta and Amazon has polluted local lives and

decreased bio diversity as frequent oil spread and destructive surface erosion are routine impacts

of development for oil. Below are long term impacts of mining to the environment and which are

thus evident; these include soil, water and air pollution, affecting bio-diversity and ecological

sensitive development. They can be realized only by using environmental friendly technology

and management of solid wastes and through regulation supervision and so on it is essential to

give consideration to the ecological effect of natural resources. That is why stimulating

consumers to reuse and recycle a product makes the circular economy decrease the impact on the

environment and the use of virgin resources.

It is high time to adopt common grounds and set new innovative legislature, regarding

how to cooperate internationally in determining how to contribute both in the preservation of the

environment and in development of the world economy at the same time. As much as the notion

of realizing the intersecting environmental efficiency and economic growth rates is best

embodied by multilateral agreements such as the Paris Agreement as well as the United Nations

Sustainable Development Goals. As a result, in an effort to contain impacts of development

activity that undermine natural environment, it is recommended that the regional countries

embrace Green Technology, Renewable Energy and Resource Conservation. The international

financial institutions are known to finance various activities that make the developments

sustainable; so people behave in an environmental friendly manner. These regulations can be

hard to follow especially owing to a lack of funds more especially for nations that might be in a

fragile economic state and the actual implementation of these polices may also vary. One has to

keep in mind that it is mostly national and local governments who can and must put these

regulations and support sustainable programs which will offer to put sustainable ecological and

beneficial economic health of the country before mere earnings, into action.

This course analyses the need to develop, major stress being put on the stipulated

sustainable development plan embracing social, economic and environmental challenges.

Stakeholders involvement and use of sustainable technologies while planning and forgetting

development is important given the increasing pressure in demands for resources, energy and

land. As we saw when we pointed out the adverse consequences that came about once the

development calls were made may perhaps be counterbalanced by the extent that the renewable

resources, the environmentally friendly agriculture, and conducive environment Structures. Due

to progressive character of these problems, societies may endeavor to achieve such reasonable

macroeconomic policies which would promote economic growth and at the same time save

environment for future generations.

Correlating Conflicts in Management of Resources among United States Government

Agencies

Sometimes there is a lack of conformity of objective and territorial overlap among some

governments that have agencies of mining digital resources as well as developing the economy

and the protection of the environment. The objectives of ministries or agencies associated with

the forestry and wildlife as well as water uses in a number of the states are quite distinct from

those inclined towards industrialization and economic growth and agriculture. These differences

make integrated environment management difficult because they result to formulation of weak

policies, slow decision making and inefficiencies. For example, an infrastructure or an economic

developmental organization may endorse mining, timbering or city expansion more than a

conservation one. Such goals are opposite most of the times because a resources demanding

project in the name of development infringes on the preservation of the environment.

Due to the differences in goals that may be set by state actors based on political and

economic motivations, the conflict arising from overlapping jurisdiction at the national regional

and local level may probably compound such conflict. In federal systems, the states or provinces

may have a lot of say in terms of resource and may Marina case federal laws or environmental

needs. Should resource exploitation in one jurisdiction be detrimental to ecosystems and

populations in other jurisdictions then this may retard the lack of an integrated policy and hence

the fragmented responses. A major part of the Amazon rainforest prevails across the South

American countries; each of which applying its own method of regulation carries out the

management control of some part of the rainforest. Some for commercial purposes to log, farm

or mine in the name of development, while others would like to conserve above all. The two

approaches demonstrate that poor cooperation between governments leads to destruction of the

environment and sustainability and conservation therefore become a pipe dream.

The conflicts stem from difference in economic rationalities because agencies may be

expected to promote employment, economic grow and revenue collection. To evaluate the

revenue collection status at the moment the governments need a couple of sectors and to make

money and uplift the local economies the necessity is in the basic extractive industries including

mining, foresting, and agriculture. This makes organizations continue engaging in resource

exploitation irrespective of the implication this has on the environment. In countries where

minerals are well developed, an environmental ministry which seeks to do away with mining

with a view to preserving species shall meet a mineral ministry. Some regional state energy and

environmental departments may develop opposite views on the matters like oil exploration or

natural gas fracking, but the probability will make cost of environmental damage to local

economy. The escalation of this conflict does not occur merely in the developing society only but

even in the highly regulating societies such as the US, and Canada. These conflicting incentives

are at the core of relationships between the local population and the government where both may

well be more interested in the quick profit than in the long term consequences of the degradation

of the environment.

Government departments compete to claim large jurisdictions over conservation and

initiatives and environmental legislation is a cold welcome by industries and the public.

Sometimes it works in an individualistic way or in a coordinated way hence may cause

overlapping of tasks, unsuitable use of resources and may also have a negative implication in that

environmental laws may not be implemented what might be best. For example, many local

authorities are generally engaged in the management of water use in the industries and farming

as well as water supply and purification. This is because whenever these types of organizations

act autonomously due to ineffective organizational linkages or the absence of contracts, there is a

common tendency of over utilization, pollution and poor management of water resources. This

means that vulnerability and drought impacts much more the ecosystems, but through interaction

between agricultural and environmental organizations may predispose nations with more than

percentage of agricultural sector to water resource concentration. There is the need to have co-

ordination between the agencies that have been accorded responsibility of managing resources so

that what is needed with regard to the economic and the environmental targets is compatible and

also because if there are incompatible policies then there is high likely hood of severe danger.

In order to cope with these challenges, the integrated resource management frameworks

have been developed by some governments. These frameworks aim at involving many

stakeholders and enhance communication between agencies as well as polices and goals. For

instance, in Australian, the National Water Initiative has significant attention to accord about

water resources more weightage and its interaction of all the participants and all the jurisdictions.

Frameworks that are like such systems, based in other countries, have the purpose of providing

mechanisms for conflict solving between agencies as well as objectives of creating policies.

Interests may also have dictated by agencies and this may be dealt with through inter-agency

councils, stakeholder consultation and openness of the decision making processes. It is pertinent

to mention here that over and over the authors appeal political will, enough money and

incentives to make agencies choose sustainable means while rejecting dollar signs and other

indicators of speedy monetary gain.

How to effectively manage the conflicts of the tourism resources sustainably

The constant growth of world tourism being at the fastest pace one can imagine has some

merits like boost in the economic and cultural interchange, which has resulted in conflict of use

of resources, pollution and social conflict. With regard to such frequently visited icon,

particularly those found at vantage areas, this challenge lies with the opportunities that tourism

generates based on the protection of natural resource parts and its inhabitants. In response to an

issue such as negative effects of tourism on the environment, generating income within

community, and compatibility of tourism and conservation, sustainable tourism has been

developed. For successful and durable solutions, everyone from the tourist field and government

to local communities, as well as other environmental associations, should come together in order

to resolve the problem of resource competition. All these stake holders have to make a

contribution towards development of this harmonious arrangement of tourism that has to be put

in place to go hand in hand with the environment.

Among the measures, which should be supported by any sustainable tourism policy,

providing strict measures as a means of ensuring that the number of tourists and visitors is

controlled incessantly, the impact of tourists on the environment and construction of essential

facilities is critical. Owing to the fact that total tourist arrivals exceeds the population to carrying

capacity, several areas in this land are now over exploited including the national parks and

coastal areas. Indications taken from its application are that it causes persistent soil exposure,

plant loss and, water pollution detrimental to the same ecosystems that host tourist activities.

These impacts may be cushioned with the help of statistics like the number of visits per day

restriction, the preservation of some areas as conservation areas together with the prohibition of

construction that is likely to cause harm to sensitive areas. For instance, quotas of the arising

tourism of the Galápagos Islands situated in Ecuador has restricted few numbers of tourists to

visit the islands per year and has imposed such conditions that any visitor to the island has to

follow environmental rules and regulations. According to this strategy, threatened kinds of

animals and plants, as well as more vulnerable ecosystems and environments are saved, whereas

the potential of the tourist’s impact remains confined to the areas defined for further conscious

and sustainable development. Way may probably be found to reduce some of these conflicts

between tourism requirements and aspects of conservation by governments developing

intelligent plans, and policies. This may be possible when covering physical environment in

other to protect it but at the same time encouraging business activities to be done.

Another additional successful technique of managing resource problems is that of

involving local peoples in the planning and management of tourism activities. The operations of

tourism are direct to the local people in many tourism destination places. It may be worsened by

the fact that such a population would also suffer from environmental pollution and yet get hardly

any financial benefits from the tourism business. Any form of tourism when it comes with

modelling and involving the people of the given area offers a kind of ownership hence makes the

gains out of tourism fairer. The citizen will engage in the tourism activities at the same time

practice the conservation of their cultural and natural resources by enumerating the CBET

projects. Some of the above activities include, but are not limited to, home stay with local

families, cultural exchange visitors’ tours and local run wildlife centers. For example in Kenya

the Maasai Mara conservancies entail the Maasai landowners in the management of tourism. The

money that accrues as a result of operations of the eco-lodges, as well as the money resulting

from the disciplined structured safari tours, will be channeled back to the impacted communities.

Since this concept connects self-interests of the community with their capacity to foster tourist

development, it supports the capacity of the locals, promotes goal of conservation, and reduces

conflict originating from the growth of conservation capacity. These projects engage community

bank into conservation and demoralizes them from it by educating them on how they stand to

benefit from the money earned by tourists.

The other tracks of sustainable development in the tourism area which are connected with

eco-certification and standards for enterprises of the tourist industry, revealing eco-friendly

functioning plans among the members of the tourist industry. Taking into account the range of

certification systems, in the case of the Green Key on Earth-Check definite practices and

requirements is identified and varies from the environmental and the social aspects for the hotel

business, tour operators as well as the other industrial relations to the tourist industry. Due to

these measures, firms are advised to emit and greenhouse gases, properly dispose of wastes, save

water and minimize energy usage. In addition to improving the capability of a destination to

support itself, application of such criteria raises the appeal of a destination to the target audience

that is environmentally sensitive and eager for activities that significantly conserve the earth’s

resources. Costa Rica has employed the plan of the concept of eco-certification in an attempt to

help market the country as an environmental country; a country that tourists visit to practice

sustainable tourism. Furthermore, eco certification initiatives might assist in preventing resource

opposition as these certifications indicate proprietaries’ willingness to promote acceptable tourist

demeanors. This has a result of providing the local communities and environmental activists with

confidence in the management of the increment in tourism with sustainability.

In other words, it is only possible to prevent further harm to the environment the

particular travel destination harms through assisting the tourism body use their money to also

protect the environment and the infrastructure. Hence tourism could be managed in such a way

that it continues to sustain itself through putting into practice the provision of part of the tourist

generated revenue towards conservation, enhanced waste management, and investment among

others. In countries like Bhutan they are used to support conservation funding and actual

communities directly. This is easier in the sense that anyone that gains from the sales done

within the region shall do it in a way that protects the environment as much as possible. This way

of reinvestment of Tourism can enable government or other local organizations to look for ways

of addressing environmental issues of concern such as wastes and habitats changes within

Tourism. This strategy involves the use of other resources believed to be procured by the visitors

all on their own. A successful reinvestment on the other hand must be clearly managed so that

more money will be directed to spend for the environment and for the people depending on the

tourist business.

Environmental educational and awareness creation programs are so important to visitors

as this would help the visitors in using resources appropriately and in managing them hence

reducing the extent of controversy over their use. Many of such visitors may not have any idea

that they negatively impact the environment or that the sites they often visit are in fact naturally

sensitive. They are capable of encouraging appropriate behaviors for the achievement of

sustainable goals and objectives insofar as tourist are informed on how to preserve strategic

species and natural resource. These steps as active tourist’s guiding, providing information to the

visitors, offering information and informational-lending activity, placing of the leaflets and

postcards, holding of information and educational campaigns are capable to result in the fact that

the tourists will pay attention to the condition of the environment and, thus, make better choices

to stay there. Wildlife parks in South Africa educate the tourists on the right conduct around the

animals, such conduct includes not getting near the animals, and also you are not allowed to

throw a litter making it environmentally safe countryside for the wildlife. Besides, these teaching

programs ensure that the activities of visitors are aligned with the sustainability goals of the

destination other than the replenishing of the natural resources as these activities promote respect

for people and the environment.

It can be stated that other or options of the tourist accommodations and off season

tourism has a chance of reducing the number of people who visit specified cultural and

sightseeing sites and thereby it will be possible to disseminate the effect of tourism to more and

more people. This is because, in an effort to regulate the consumption of readily renewable

resources, and in equal measure endeavor to avoid a confrontation with the local population, a

highly condensed stream of tourist flow is most often directed towards a number of specific

zones, particularly during this season. If the authorities of the sphere decide to draw attention to

the less visited spots and the need to use other, not as popular, seasons they are quite capable of

reducing overcrowding, decreasing loads on existing facilities, and making the usage of the

offered facilities much more balanced. The Icelandic authorities encourage tourists to stay longer

and to spread out from the country’s capital city Reykjavik and the region known as the Golden

Circle. This helps to share the benefits of the sector on the economy as well as sharing the

burden of the losses which are experienced by crowded tourist attractions. Other than that, the

fact that the off-peak tourism presents economic opportunities for the local communities all year

round will also free the local communities from the confinement of the fixed season. Therefore,

while it is true that the high traffic destinations can diversify the kind of tourism that they are

presenting to bounce back in the off season, it also means that travelers can have amazing,

meaningful experiences across more attractions.

When it is necessary a variable study that synthesizes multiple levels within a social-eco

logical and economic sense of multifaceted problems, to overcome the existing issues that regard

scarce resources concerning tourism. Regulatory measures sustainability, community

involvement and support, eco-tourism, standards certifications, revenue injection, environmental

consciousness, diversification of tourism product portfolio, and Minimum measured impacts and

reasonable usage of indispensable resources are part of the way of overcoming the conflict in

relation to Sustainable tourism. That is why it makes tourism one of the sustainable causes for

conservation and development if the said practices will be put into practice. This was not only

desired for the majority of the visitor and local support economies but for such ecosystems and

communities on which tourism is dependent. Stakeholder must develop commitment that covers

strategies that respect environmental limits so that this sector of economy may continue to ensure

high profits in future. This shows that if tourism has been developed with or without impacting

conservation then it may be possible to achieve a balance with a positive outcome for the

destinations resilience and future generations sustainability.

GLOBAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: BALANCING TOURISM, WILDLIFE CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND INTER-AGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE

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