○If part of it broke, the rest would be able to operate
○Done in Los Angeles (UCLA)
●Never visit a website
○A website visits you
●How does the internet know to get to you?
○Router
●The internet is a client-server network
●Internet is world largest network!!!
●Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANET)
●Tim Berners-Lee invented a standard language of the Internet called Hypertext
Markup Language (HTML)
○HTML is a platform neutral language (must work on every platform)
■Will work on all operating systems
○Incredibly weak language (platform neutral)
●Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
○Developed as a means to transfer info in a standard fashion so all computers on
the Internet could receive data & information
●Once HTML & HTTP were in place, World Wide Web (WWW) was born
○Berners-Lee
○Browsing software which enabled users
●The internet is a client/server model
○Has Internet Protocol Address (IP) for identification purposes
● Pornography: definition changes in each country
○ Every country has censored the internet
● Who’s in charge of the internet?
○ If the internet itself was a form of government, it would be an anarchy
■ No government
○ But we do have a system that we depend on
■ No one is anonymous on the internet
● How do you differentiate when every homepage is called index.html?
○ The homepage of a website
○ You say the name of the website first (ex. 7/index.html)
● Yahoo, Google, etc. are just masks
○ It is actually a 32-bit number
● Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) like “www.yahoo.com” mask IP addresses
○ UNIFORM, not universal
● http: = hypertext transfer protocol
● www = world wide web
● yahoo = domain name
● .com = domain code
○ Com means commercial
○ Org is organization
○ Edu is education
○ mil is military
11.9 CIS Notes
●Needed network that would be robust in nature
○ gov is government
● Web pages (computer files) on a server which can be requested by a client and
displayed with browser software
● Web pages are programmed with HTML which can display text, images, hyperlinks,
videos and more
○ HTML is caught with browsers
● Hyperlinks are a clickable navigation element to access another IP address
● Web host (like godaddy)
○ Where you keep your websites
○ Example of bar & cannot overserve or lose their liquor license
■ Same with web hosts
● A clickable navigation element: hyperlink
● The most important aspect of websites is content
○ Websites have to be easy to navigate, etc.
● Browsers are presented in a GUI (graphical user interface)
○ Displays text, videos, etc. on the world wide web
● Top browsers
○ Google chrome, mozilla firefox, internet explorer, safari
● The best browser? All of them or none of them
○ Basically the same
○ Read HTML for you
● Browser features: bookmarks (favorites), caching, cookies, graphic files, security, pop-up
blockers, etc.
○ Cache makes internet seem fast, but you don’t actually reload the page
○ A cookie is a text file (illegal in Europe)
■ Private information (ex. when you buy something on Amazon & it saves
your info) was put into a cookie
○ Graphic files on the internet are GIF (graphical image file)
○ Javascript
■ Browser needs to be java-enabled
■ Where does javascript work?
● At the client
● Internet Service Providers (ISP)
○ Business that provides a way to access the Internet
○ Like comcast.com
■ People want net neutrality: it will go away naturally
○ Every 18 (or 14) months the internet will get faster
● Broadband Internet Access is a high-transmission rate Internet connection
○ Internet Host Services hold content on the World Wide Web
● HTML is weak
● Search Engines
○ Keyword search engines
○ Returns a list of hits (hyperlinks) that best match the search criteria
■ Ex. google, bing, yahoo, ask, aol, etc.
■ Dogpile.com (metasearch engine)
● Sends your keywords to all of the other search engines, gets rid of
duplicates, offers it to the user
● Searches 20+ search engines all at once
● E-Commerce
○ Distribute, buy, advertise, market, etc. over the world wide web
○ Being a virtual storefront
● Business-to-business (B2B)
● Business-to-consumer (B2C)
● Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
○ Example: Ebay!
● Virtual storefronts still need capable management, well-organized business structure,
customer service, inventory controls, etc.
● E-commerce requires a business to investigate how it does business on the web
○ Streamline its business process & understand its agility
● Security
○ Web develop a false sense of security by trying to avoid malicious websites, but
thats not enough
○ Security pitfalls
■ All unknown to you
○ Spam, phishing (socially engineered email that looks believable), trojan horses,
worms, viruses, adware, spyware
● Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP)
○ Routing of voice conversations using the Internet as an infrastructure & subset of
telephony
○ VOIP phones always need internet, but there isn’t always internet
■
● Intranet
○ Private version of internet confined w/in an organization protected by a firewall
○ Key aspect of it: privacy
■ Not the only aspect of it
● You need a browser to be on intranet
○ Cost for it is cheap
○Distribution is worldwide
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