Bones W6
Living Groups of Primates
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Within living primates, we have two sub orders
Strepsirrhini and Haplorrhini
Strepsirrhini
-Rhini (nose) +
Rhinarium (wet nose) +
Strepsi (twisted) +
= Strepsirrhini
-They have a large gap between central and upper jaw
-Toothcomb and 2 incisors.1 kanine.3 pre-molars.3 molars/2.1.3.3 dental formula
-Post orbital bar, but no closure
-Relatively long snout for a primate
-Tapetum Lucidum
-Membrane that reflects light
-Enhances vision at night
-Grooming claw on second digit(finger); they have nails on the rest and a claw on the second digit
Radiations of Strepsirrhini’s
-Africa and Asia
-Madagascar
Strepsirrhini’s
Lemurs- Madagascar
Dwarf and Mouse Lemurs
-Solitary, nocturnal, tiny, eat insects, gum and fruit
-They hibernate
-They have litters
(true) Lemurs
-22 species
-Diurnal, Social, Long Snout
-1-4 kg (2.2 pounds) Eat fruit, seeds and insects
-They have glands on their wrists that produce scents, and they use it to mark territories
-They have “stink” fights where they basically wave their tales and size each other up
Indris and Sifakas
-19 species
-Vertical clingers and leapers
-Diurnal
The Aye-Aye
-Extremely morphologically derived from the common ancestor
-Nocturnal, Solitary
-Eats fruits, seeds, flowers, and insects
-Really elongated middle finger, use it for probing and tapping
-Strong incisors that they use to chew on the dead wood
Pottos and Lorises
-Africa and Asia
-Very slow movement
-Nocturnal
-Insects, fruits, gum
Bushbabies and Galagos
-Africa only
-Very fast movement
-Nocturnal
-Insects and fruit
Haplorrhini
-Haplo (simple, dry)
Rhini (nose)
-They have a post orbital closure, no tooth gap
-Shorter snout that Strepsirrhini’s
Tarsiers
-South East Asia
-Elongated tarsals (ankle bones)
-Nocturnal, but NO tapetum lucidum
-Only fully carnivorous primate
-Post orbital closure (unlike Strepsirrhini’s)
-Each of a tarsier’s eyes are bigger than its brain
-Strange dental formula, only one incisor per quadrant on the bottom
Platyrrhini (NWM= New World Monkeys)
-South and Central America
-Rounded and laterally (side) facing nostrils
-A tympanic ring fused to the outside of the auditory bulla
-Primitive dental formula: 2.1.3.3/2.1.3.3
-Fused mandibles (unlike Tarsiers and Strepsirrhines)
Capuchins, Squirrel and Owl Monkeys
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Platyrrhini-Marmosets and Tamarins
- < Pound
-Twins
-Cooperative breeding
-Gum, Fruit, and Insects
-Diurnal
Platyrrhini-Spider, Wooly and Howler Monkeys
-Highly arboreal
-Large bodied
-Frugivorous
-Many species with prehensile (grip with tails) tails
Howler Monkeys
-Loudest per pound animals in the world
-Territorial
-Enlarged hyoid bone
-Highly folivorous
-Relatively Inactive
-Sound can travel 3 miles through the jungle
-140 decibels of sound, max 15 pounds
Platyrrhini-Saki Monkeys, Uakari, and Friends
-Pairs and Small groups
-Hard seeds and fruits
Catarrhin- Old World Monkeys and Apesi (hook nose)
-Nostrils are narrow and face downward
-Derived dental formula: 2.1.2.3/2.1.2.3
-Tubular tympanic bone (ear hole)
-Ischial tuberosities
Old World Monkeys and Apes or Cercopithecoidea and Hom LOOK ONLINE FOR SLIDES
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