SOCIOLOGY LECTURES IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDONESIA

SOCIOLOGY LECTURES IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDONESIA

First of all, sociology is a lecture material at the College of Law (STH) in Jakarta, only as a

complement to the subject of law, and of course given by lecturers who are not specialists.

Neither in the Netherlands nor in Indonesia at that time there was a specialization in sociology.

Most of the sociology lecture materials at that time were only about social and theoretical

philosophy. In 1934/1935 the sociology lecture at STH was even abolished because at that time

it was important to know that it was positive law, namely regulations that apply legally to the

community in a certain place. Meanwhile, according to the professors who are responsible for

compiling the lecture list, knowledge of the form of society and the processes that occur in it is

sociology specialization by studying abroad. Even among them, it is still considered an

Indonesian sociologist. The increase in people who deepen and specialize in sociology is not only

an encouragement for the development and expansion of science, but also brings changes in the

nature and sociology in Indonesia. The book sociology in Indonesian began to be published one

year after the outbreak of the physical revolution, namely Indonesian Sociology by Mr. Djody

Gondokusumo whose content contains several elementary and theoretical sociology definitions

and is philosophical. The book at that time received a good reception because the atmosphere

of the political revolution at that time, began to feel a necessity for the educated class in science

who might be able to help them in their efforts to understand the rapid changes that occurred in

society. Next, a book by Hasan Shadely, MA can be presented. with the title Sociology for

The sociology book written by Indonesians can be mentioned again, namely the old school

Setangkai Bunga Sociology published in 1964 by Selo Soemardjan and Sulaeman Soemardi. Also

the book Social Changes in Yogyakarta, by Selo Soemardjan published in 1968, written in English,

which is the author's dissertation to get a doctorate at Cornell University in the US. Nowadays,

there are a number of state universities that have a Faculty of Social Sciences or Faculty of Social

Sciences that provide sociology courses to a higher level. However, no university has its own

faculty specifically for Sociology. What has existed are the Sociology department in several

Faculties/Universities, namely FISIP Gajah Mada University, FISIP UI and the Faculty of Sospol

Unpad. and the sociology department is expected to make a greater contribution and

encouragement to accelerate and expand the development of social sciences in Indonesia. This

as a unit, therefore society is a system of living together. Aristotle said that Zoon politicon man,

a social creature, man cannot live without any other man. Humans are created by themselves

because they are needed by humans themselves. Therefore, the function of society is great for

the benefit of humans (individuals). With the existence of the community, their physical needs or

spiritual needs can be met. Thus, the function of a person's begi society is very vital, absolutely

must exist and the great benefits he obtains can live in society. In every society, both simple and

modern cultural levels, there are community institutions. This institution is sometimes called a

social institution or social institution that regulates basic needs in people's lives. The function of

society is very great for the interests of a person's life, so it is appropriate to realize that in social

life, which means that we live together with other people, both have interests that sometimes

value system is a form of culture that is abstract but exists in the life of every society wherever it

is. The cultural value system of a society or nation is different from the cultural value system of

other communities or nations. But it can be explained that there are seven main (large) cultural

elements, which are all possessed, which are commonly called Cultural Universal. Culture that

has reached a high level of technological development or advanced and the culture has

advanced, is subtle, for example, art, science, customs, manners, and others, commonly called

civilization. In this textbook, it is briefly discussed about universal culture, while in module 5

which contains content about development, there are some of the 7 cultural elements, the

Indonesian nation is still lagging behind. Lagging is pursued with development.

If an effective behavior is found in terms of overcoming a problem in life, then the behavior

each society are not equally fast, some are slow and some are fast. The process of change in

different places on different parts of the earth has caused a great diversity among thousands of

human beings. Society is an ever-changing entity that lives because of the process of society that

causes that change. In the times, people usually know an orderly and safe life, caused by the

sacrifice of part of independence for members, either by force or voluntarily. The sacrifice here

is meant to restrain lust

The Meaning of Society As mentioned above, the most commonly used term to refer to

the unity of human life both in scientific writings and in everyday language is "society". In English,

the term Society is used, which comes from the Latin socies meaning friend. The term community

itself comes from the Arabic word "syaroka" which means to participate. The Arabic word

are still those who do not meet the elements. Several scholars have tried to provide a definition

of society, such as a. Selo Soemardjono said, "Society is people who live together that produce

culture" b. Kansil "Society is the unity of human beings arising from the same nature". c.

Koentjaraningrat "Society is the unity of human life that interacts according to a certain system

of customs

and consider themselves and consider themselves as a social unit with clearly defined

boundaries". Although the definitions of these scholars are different, but the content is basically

the same, that society includes several elements, namely: a. Humans who live together. In the

social sciences there is no absolute or definite measure to determine how many people are

called society. But theoretically, at least two people of different types living together can be

are a unit. d. They are a system of living together and giving rise to culture, because each member

of the group feels that he or she is bound to the other. Example: A family such as a father and

mother without children can be called a community because they have fulfilled the conditions

mentioned above.

Types of Societies Looking at the way in which societies are formed, there are several

types of societies: a. Formed by intentional or forced means. Examples: the state is formed

deliberately: refugee communities, refugee communities, people in detention centers. b. It forms

itself independently. Example 1: tribes, groups, and communities that are still simple are formed

because of nature and by themselves. Example 2: cultivation community, occurs due to worldly

interests, or beliefs (religious), such as the community or church congregation, mosque

characteristics. Example: The youth group, is a person who is characterized by a youthful nature,

full of idealism, full of enthusiasm and vitality, not bound by the obligations of life that burden

him; Therefore, they are able to serve and sacrifice to the community. c. A group that is a society

that meets its conditions such as interaction between members; There are customs and a

system of norms that govern that interaction or with what it is: continuityand the sense of identity

that unites all the members. The group is an organization and has a leadership system. Example:

Nature lovers group, art groupmm/PARFI. d. Associations; almost the same as the group,

but there is a difference in terms of solidarity. The association is imbued with organizational

solidarity. The group is imbued with mechaniqal solidarity. Piritim Sorokin said; "Family

identity. It is also often called the local community because the community is special. Its

characteristics are location ties and territorial awareness. Example: Rural communities and

urban communities are differentiated because of their region or location and awareness of their

region.

achieve a profit is usually in the economy for humans who have developed their way of life.

Example: Merchants can sell directly if there are buyers. There are many buyers and the goods

sell well, of course he can make a big profit. It can take place if it is in society. From the

description above and based on the definition of what is a society, what is a group, an association

of others, evidence can be obtained that society is very large in its function for human life

or from outside the society itself. b. To arrange survival, humans, towards order and peace in

accordance with what is desired by the citizens of the community concerned who are easily

united in society. c. The stronger the defense so that all interests, safety and life needs will be

more guaranteed without interference

From individuals or groups that exist in the society itself or outside the society. d. The

communication system will be smoother when compared to the form of individuals, because the

people can speak using language, know the customs. e. Personal stability will be more directed

in a positive form so that the goal of the formation of society will be achieved. f. A person has an

identity of himself, he only becomes a person in life if he lives in society. g. In society, there are

community institutions. This institution was created deliberately able to grow on its own,

community to establish a social control system or Social Control, which is a system of

community supervision of the behavior of its members.