DYNAMICS OF GLOBAL CIVILIZATION
In the early 1990s, the world witnessed the collapse of the Soviet Union, which became
a major threat to the liberal democratic system. The collapse marked the end of the one-party
political system that had been developed since Vladimir Lenin came to power and had
experienced its heyday. Meanwhile, the countries of the 94th Third World, either due to the
pressure of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) or the World Bank, world opinion, and internal
pressures have become increasingly oriented towards democratic systems and free markets.
Globalization can be understood as changes in the economic and social spheres combined with
the establishment of unique regional and global interconnections, which are more extensive and
intensive than in previous periods, which challenge and reshape political communities, and
specifically the modern state. These changes involve a number of developments that can be
thought of as profound, happening in the present, and involve a structural transformation. Among
the changes in question are the human rights regime, which ensures that national sovereignty
cannot guarantee the legitimacy of a country in international law; environmental shifts, in the
form of global warming due to the leakage of the ozone layer; revolution in the field of
communication and information technology that further expands the reach and intensity of all
sociopolitical network tools within and across the territorial boundaries of the nation-state; and
the deregulation of the 95 capital markets which further strengthens the power of capital by giving
it a number of options to exit in relation
n to labor and the state (Winarno, 2013). According to Arnold Y. Toynbee, a historian from
England, the birth of civilization is described by the theory of challenge and response. Civilization
was born as a response (response) of humans who with all their efforts and intellect faced,
conquered, and manipulated nature as a challenge (challenge) to cover their needs and preserve
their survival. Alvin Toffler analyzed to increase the efficiency and renewal and civilization of
society due to the advancement of science and technology. In his book the third wave (1981), he
stated that the wave of change in human civilization to date has experienced three waves,
namely: 1. Wave I, agricultural technology civilization lasted from 800 cm to 1500 m 2. Wave II,
industrial technology civilization lasted from 1500 m-1970 m 3. Wave III, information technology
civilization lasted from 1970 AD to now 96 The first wave (the first wave) the second wave was the
industrial revolution, especially in the western world which began with the industrial revolution,
which was approximately 1700 AD-1970 AD. This period began with the invention of the steam
engine in 1712, the third wave was information foray which was characterized by advances in
information technology that made it easier for humans to communicate in various fields, the third
wave occurred with technological advances in the field
s of: 1. Communication and data processing 2. Flights and sea angks 3. Alternative and
renewable energy 4. The occurrence of urbanization, caused by technological advances,
communication and transportation. 97 C. Closing Globalisation as a phenomenon of the present
century has far-reaching implications for all nations and the international community. The
influence of globalization on ideology and politics is that the influence of illiberal ideology in the
politics of developing countries will be strengthened, which is marked by the strengthening of the
ideas of freedom and democracy. The influence of globalization on socio-culture is the entry of
the values of other civilizations. The effect of globalization on Indonesia Globalization has hit the
life of the Indonesian nation and state. Globalization has had a great influence on common life,
both positive and negative influences. The process of mutual interaction is a natural symptom in
inter-community communication. The influence always has two sides, namely the negative and
positive sides. The positive aspects of globalization include the following. 1. Advances in
communication and information technology make it easier for humans to interact. 98 2.
Advances in communication and information technology accelerate humans to relate to other
humans. 3. Advances in communication, information, and transportation technology increase
efficiency. The negative aspects of globalization include the following. 1. The entry of external
cultural values will eliminate the traditional values of a nation and the identity of a nation. 2. The
exploitation of nature and other resources will peak due to the growing need. 3. In the economic
field, the values of consumerism and individuals are developing that shift the values of society.
4. There is dehumanization, that is, the degree of human beings will not be appreciated because
they use more high-tech machines. In the face of this globalization, the nations of the world give
responses or responses that can be categorized as follows 99 1. As a nation, we welcome
globalization positively because it is considered a new solution to improve the fate of mankind.
2. As a critical society, it rejects globalization because it
is considered a new form of colonialism through new ways that are transnational in the
political, economic, and cultural fields. 3. Others still accept globalization as an inevitability due
to technological developments. 100 Exercises 1. Explain the dynamics of global civilization? 2.
What is meant by cultural evolution and the form of civilization in the social life of udaya? 3. Give
an explanation about humans as civilized creatures and civilized societies? 4. What is meant by
the nature of civilization? 5. Give an explanation about humans and civilization? 101 LEARNING
MATERIAL VI Human Relations A. Introduction Human beings are individual creatures who
cannot escape from relationships with other human beings. As a result of the relationships that
occur between individuals (humans), social groups are born based on common interests. A
group is a collection of individuals who interact with each other, generally just to do work, to
improve relationships between individuals, or it can be both. A group is once distinguished
collectively, a group of people who have something in common in common but with the smallest
direction of interaction. Group requirements according to Baron and Byrne: · Interaction,
members should interact with each other. · Interd
ependent, what happens to one member will affect the behavior of other members. 102 ·
Stable, relationships of at least a significant length of time (can be weeks, months and years). ·
The goals are shared, some goals are common to all members. · Structure, function Each
member must have some kind of structure so that they have a set of roles. · Perception, members
must feel themselves as part of a group. A social group is a collection of people who have a
common awareness of membership and interact with each other. Groups are created by
members of the community. Groups can also influence the behavior of their members. Social
groups are a group of people who live together and live interdependence consciously and help
(Page, 1961:213). A social group is a set or unity of human beings who live together, because of
the relationship between them. These relationships involve mutual relationships that affect each
other and also an awareness to help each other (Soejono Soekanto, 2006:104). 103 B.
Description of Learning Materials Types and Patterns of Human Relationships Social interaction
does not just happen, but there are certain conditions for social interaction to take place. These
conditions are the existence of social contact and communication. 1. Social Contact Social
contact is a social relationship between individuals and other individuals that is direct, such as
by touch, conversation, or face-to-face. However, in the modern era like today, social contact
can occur indirectly. For example, people can connect with each other through telephone,
telegram, radio, mail, and so on. These technological devices do not require physical contact to
realize a social interaction, so it can be said that physical contact does not need to be the main
requirement for social contact. Soerjono Soekanto, divides social contact into two forms,
namely: 104 a. Primary social contact; social contact that occurs directly. For example: face to
face, greeting each other, shaking hands, hugging each other, smiling at each other, and others.
b. Secondary social contact; social contact that occurs indirectly. For example: Andi asked Dio
to persuade Budi to come to Andi's house; or Inda told Susi that Dani was very amazed by Susi's
achievements in the dance competition. When viewed from the perpetrators, social contact is
divided into three, namely: a. Social contact between individuals Example: a child who learns
habits in his family. He made contact with his family members such as fathers, mothers,
brothers, and so on. This learning process is commonly called socialization. 105 b. Social
contact between individuals and groups Example: a village head makes contact with its
members in a meeting. Or vice versa, the Village makes contact with each member of the
community when taking care of making an ID card (Identity Card) c. Social contact between
groups with groups Examples: student council meetings between schools, football matches
between schools, and others. 2. Communication Communication is the process of conveying
something or a message from someone to another person which is done directly or through tools
so that others give certain responses or actions. The person who gives the message is called a
communicator, the content of the communication or news conveyed is called the message,
while the person who receives the message is called
a communicator. 106 In communication, there may be a wide variety of interpretations
of the behavior of others. A smile, for example, can be interpreted as a friendliness, a friendly
attitude or even as a cynical attitude and an attitude of wanting to show a victory. A glance of the
eyes, for example, can be interpreted as a sign that the person concerned is feeling unhappy or
even angry. Thus, communication allows cooperation between individuals and between human
groups, or it may result in misunderstandings because each party does not want to give in. Which
communication is included in social interaction? If we look closely, not all communication can
cause social interaction, because communication can be divided into two parts, namely: a. One-
way communication; That is communication where the communicator is only the object of the
recipient of the message, cannot be a communicator. A 107 relationship is only one-way, there
is no reciprocity. For example, communication through radio, television, or through print mass
media (newspapers, magazines, and others). b. Two-way communication; namely
communication that occurs reciprocally between communicators and communicators. At one
time the communicator becomes a communicator, and at another time the communicator
becomes a communicator. So there is a reciprocal r
elationship between the two. For example, the process of teaching and learning
interaction in the classroom between teachers and students, where there are times when
students ask questions and the teacher explains, or vice versa. Based on the two categories of
communication above, two-way communication is included in the criteria of social interaction.
This is in accordance with the limitations of social interaction which states that social interaction
is a process of reciprocal relationships between individuals and individuals, between individuals
and groups and between groups to achieve a goal. However, there are times when one-way
communication can be a bridge to create social interaction
