CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION TOWARDS SOCIAL CHANGE IN
THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION
Introduction
Culture and social life are one particle that becomes a binding unity. Culture faithfully
escorts the development of human civilization from pre-Islamic times (jahiliyah) to the
perfect Islamic era as a teaching from ancient Greece to modern times like today. From this
long process, culture basically has values that can traditionally be passed on to the next
generations. Then in terms of cultural preservation practices can be implemented along with
the process of changing social life that exist in every phase of a particular group's life.
The implementation of these cultural values is clear evidence of the legitimacy of the
community towards its culture (there is an effort to preserve the culture). United States as a
country rich in cultural heritage from various ethnic groups from Sabang to Merauke is a
challenge for its people, to what extent can maintain the cultural values contained in each
region. For example, Javanese culture is one of the dominating cultures in the archipelago, but
it is actually a side of the culture that can be preserved positive for the spread of the Javanese
tribe, almost In various parts of the archipelago, there are Javanese tribes that have settled
down.
According to Geertz, culture is a pattern of understandings or meanings that are
thoroughly interwoven in historically transmitted symbols, a system of conceptions abstracted
in symbolic forms by which humans communicate, preserve and develop their knowledge and
attitudes towards life. (Geertz, 1992: 5). In this argument, there is an interpretation of the
meaning that culture is the work of humans obtained from the development of their social life
which is then passed on to the next generation, through the process of communication and
direction with the aim that the continuing generation has strong principles in living life.
From the concept of cultural interpretation above, in the practice of life there is a very
open gap for cultural change in the social life of certain communities. Because the dimensions
of space and time of each generation are of course different, therefore the resulting responsive
attitude will also be different.
Research Methodology
This research is a qualitative descriptive field research, which only merely describes the
situation or event without drawing conclusions that apply generally. Qualitative can be
interpreted as a research method used to research on natural object conditions and qualitative
research results emphasize meaning rather than generalization (Kasiram, 2014: 34).
Qualitative methodology as a research procedure that presents descriptive data some
written or spoken words from people or behaviors that can be understood (Moelong, 2012: 4).
Qualitative methods are used to reveal descriptive data from information about what they do
and what they experience on the research focus.
Qualitative research has characteristics including: scientific, human as an instrument,
using qualitative methods, inductive data analysis, descriptive, more concerned with the
process than the results, there is a focus, there is performance for data validity, research
design is temporary and research results are negotiated and agreed together (Moleong, 2012:
8).
This research aims to make a systematic, accurate description of the facts obtained in
the field obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation. For this reason, the
approach used in this research is a descriptive approach. Descriptive method is a method of
examining the status of a group of people, an object, a set of conditions, a system of thought,
or a class of events in the present. This method aims to make a description, description or
painting systematically, factually, and accurately about the facts, properties and relationships
between the phenomena being investigated (Nazir, 2014: 54).
Discussion
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
Interpreting Culture Change and Social Change
Historically, social movements are a universal phenomenon as well as a response to
cultural transformation in people's lives. Culture is something complex in which there is
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and other abilities that a person acquires as a member
of society. They have a reason to join and strive into a particular cultural group to achieve a
collective goal and oppose those who stand in their way of achieving that goal.
In a sociological perspective, culture is all views of life that are learned and acquired by
members of a society. Included in the culture are all forms of buildings, equipment, and other
physical forms, in addition to techniques, community institutions, beliefs, attitudes,
motivations and value systems applied to the group (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18).
Cultural change and social change originate from the community's response to global
developments from all lines of life. The development of information technology in people's
lives is one of the major factors that encourage cultural change in social life. Socio-cultural
change is a symptom of changing social structures and cultural patterns in a society.
These events occur due to the acculturation of local culture with new cultures that are
slowly becoming a habit practiced by people in United States. In some cases, local culture is
slowly being eroded because it is no longer considered appropriate for the times. Local
cultural wisdom, such as traditional clothing, traditional dances, traditional food, and others
are only a few groups that still care and preserve them, ironically those from this circle are
mostly elderly people.
Cultural change is part of social change. These social changes are usually marked by
differences in age, birth rates, and the decline of kinship races between community members
as a result of globalization and modernization. This case almost occurs in all cultures in
United States. With the opening of the faucet of global life, it certainly provides many
changes, especially in the perspective and lifestyle of modern society.
Socio-cultural changes in a society are inevitable and cannot be avoided due to changes
in society. This change can be said to be one of the modus operandi of a society to survive or
maintain itself (Sulasman and Gumilar, 2913: 18). In a broad sense, social movements can It
is interpreted as a central part of modernity. Social movements define the features of modern
politics and modern society (Sztompka, 2010: 329). These social movements are closely
related to the fundamental structural changes that have come to be known as modernization
that permeate the world's systems and life.
In a broad sense, social movements can be interpreted as a central part of modernity.
Social movements define the features of modern politics and modern society (Sztompka,
2010: 329). These social movements are closely related to the fundamental structural changes
that have become known as modernization that spread to the fields of world systems and life.
In this article the author would like to emphasize the meaning of cultural change and social
change. As explained above, talking about culture is something that is very complex and
every small change in the part of culture can have a big social impact on the sustainability of
life in the following generations.
Cultural change is much broader than social change. This is because cultural change
involves several aspects of life such as art, science, technology, norms of life, and philosophy.
In another dimension, cultural change and social change are interrelated, there is no society
that does not have a culture and vice versa there can be no culture without society.
From some of the factors above, social change as a response to cultural change is often
in certain situations or conditions quickly experiencing social change in the order of life. This
is due to factors that accelerate social change. (1) Interaction with other cultures, this is one of
the consequences of globalization, on the other hand United States is a tourist destination for
the world community. With more and more foreigners entering United States, more and more
new cultures will enter and be adopted by the United States people. (2) Developing formal
education, with education, a person will be accustomed to thinking critically, scientifically,
rationally and objectively. With Thus, it will provide the ability to assess its culture whether it
is still in accordance with the demands of the times and the need to change the culture
inherent in its life or not. (3) Mutual respect for one's work and the desire to progress. (4)
There is tolerance for deviant actions. (5) The existence of an open system of social
stratification, in this case the community no longer questions social status in establishing
relationships with each other. (6) A hitrogenous population (Martono, 2016: 19-20).
Social Movements in Social Change Studies related to social movements are a topic that
will never end to be discussed, because this topic will continue to be discussed continue to
evolve according to with the natural phenomena and life phenomena of the subject main
subject (human). To understand the meaning of social movements in social change, we must
understand several definitions from different perspectives. The concept of movement social
movement concept is different from the concept of social movement. Social movement is
better understood as (social mobility), which is the process of moving from one level to the
next, while social movements themselves have a variety of definitions according to the
definition of social movement with the intended context. (Martono, 2016: 391).
Social movements can be interpreted as a form of collective action that is clearly
conflictually oriented towards certain social and political opponents, carried out in the context
of close cross-institutional networks by actors bound by a strong race of solidarity and
collective identity that exceeds the forms of ties in coalitions and joint campaigns (Tribiwono,
2006: xv). The social movement paradigm is defined as collective action. In this concept, it
does not rule out the possibility of interference from actors who play an active role with a
specific purpose.
In another definition, social movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a
common interest or movements that aim to achieve common goals through collective action
outside the scope of existing institutions (Putra, et al, 2006). The association of a certain
group on behalf of an alliance of a non-formal movement usually has a large-scale mass
power base that can provide significant social change as well, both in terms of communication
between related parties and in the form of communication between the parties will certainly
cause excessive commotion.
From a different dimension, social movements can be described as symptoms of civil
society inaction. This social movement can also be divided into old social movements that
focus on material issues and are usually related to one group (e.g. sailors and fishermen).
Meanwhile, new social movements are more related to issues of ideas or values such as
feminism or environmental movements (Tribiwono, 2006: xvi).
Social movements must have four criteria: (1) the existence of collectivity, (2) have a
common goal of making a certain change, (3) the collectivity is relatively dispersed, but lower
in degree when compared to formal organizations, and (4) the collectivity is relatively small.
(4) the action has a high degree of spontaneity, but is not institutionalized and unconventional
in form (Sztompka, 1994). These criteria are a unity that is interrelated and supportive in
driving social change in a structured manner.
A social movement can be formulated as a large number of people acting together on the
basis of some goal or idea (Farley, 1992). Social change that occur among the community
can be interpreted as a response of dissatisfaction from a group of groups to the reality of life
that is happening. Thus, a social movement emerges with certain goals and ideas to find a
middle ground so that what is desired can be realized.
The above is in line with Gouldner's main work and the two most highlighted
discussions are an attempt to explore the development and critical political culture of western
sociology. He says any history of social theory written today must be partly a history of partly
sociology and partly criticism. The concept of this theory emphasizes that in social life it is
not enough just to see what facts are happening, but also to understand the history or nature of
the social base and must dare to accept or criticize the facts of social life, social phenomena,
social problems, and so on.
His work over a decade is a systematic and critical attempt to analyze sociology, so that
society can be better understood. Sociology and society are interdependent, with the former
reflecting the assumptions of the latter value assumptions of the latter. This criticizing
sociology must be directed towards presenting the solution of humanity as an antidote to the
diseases found (Poloma, 2013: 399).
Behind social movements in social change there are conditions that can determine
whether the social movement will succeed in having a broad impact and provide changes in
the level of life as expected or not. In this condition, various other social movements will
grow.
From the various explanations above, social movements as a response to social change
are formed through several stages and schematic planning. These stages include the stage of
increasing dissatisfaction and uncertainty, the stimulation stage, the formalization stage, the
institutionalization stage, and the dissolution stage. In this last stage, when the social
movement turns into a permanent organizational movement, whether it is still running or vice
versa.
Contestation Identity Social at The Global Era
Identity is a process of meaning formation based on a particular cultural attribute or set
of cultural attributes, which is prioritized over other sources of meaning. Identity is closely
related to the internalization of values, norms, goals, and ideas (Martono, 2016: 119).
Social identity is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to show its
existence in the public domain or the wider community. There are three forms of origin of a
social identity, first, legitimizing identity, for example, institutional authority, second,
resistance identity, for example, identity politics, third, project identity, for example,
feminism. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing more rapidly after the
emergence of the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the
whole world easily and quickly.
The term globalization has been introduced for a long time in the country of United
States, even now it has turned into a word that is often heard with various connotations.
Globalization is the process of integrating several elements of the living world into a single
world-scale system (Piliang, 2006). It seems that globalization is due to the development of
the world economy. Globalization can also be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, namely
the formation and spread of world culture in various countries.
They constitute a world cultural system that dominates us all. It is a worldwide langue
or supraindividual principles. That is, a new culture is spreading and sweeping across the
world (Hoed, 2011: 128). Globalization is openness from various perspectives of life.
Globalization as the spread of worldwide habits, the expansion of relationships across
continents, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness (Ritzer, 2006: 96).
With this openness, the space for contestation of social identity is getting higher in the
struggle for public space. With various interests, both in terms of religion, economy, culture,
and so on. The issue of self-identity in the context of today's globalized world is increasingly
prominent in various parts of the world. The issue of self-identity concerns various aspects of
life ranging from sexual orientation, religious symbols and culture, to the marginalization of
traditional religions that become minorities in a state area (Haryanto, 2015: 197). In the global
life order with all its openness, it will cause contestation from all sides of life, both
fundamental and public structural.
For example, the issue of the identity of human life is the study of religion, in small-
scale societies analyzed by social anthropologists can simply be seen from the development of
Durkheim's pioneering work. As we have understood Durkheim concluded that religious
objects are symbols of society, their sacredness comes from the power that is declared to
apply by the community as a whole for each of its members, and their function is to maintain
and strengthen a sense of solidarity and social obligation (Scharf, 2004: 73). In this value
contestation view, religion is interpreted as an object in driving social change and is binding
force on certain groups of society.
Aside from the familiar religious institutions, there are also types of religions that are
not recognized joining the heavenly religions and ard is now called citizen religion or civil
religion civil relegion (Lubis, 2015: 110). This issue first arose when France underwent
massive secularization. Almost all educated people were very skeptical and even cynical
about religion. There were also several atheist groups that openly criticized religion because
religion often only functioned as a tool of oppression for the weak.
The roots of symbolic interactionism assume social reality as a process and not as
something static-dogmatic. This means that society is seen as a symbolic interaction for the
individuals in it. In essence, every human being is not a finished product, but a product that
will be finished, so the theory of symbolic interactionism also discusses the concept of self
that grows based on negotiating meaning with others (Andi faisal bakti, 2017: 27).
From the various explanations above, social identity contestation is interpreted as a
realm of competition from various elements, groups, or certain groups who want to show the
wider world as a social identity a reflection of the globalization era. From various aspects of
life, they compete to show the best they have as a form of existence. In terms of culture, social
life, economics, politics become fertile ground or arena to develop the dominance of each
particular community group.
Conclusion
The process of cultural transformation in social change is not a process that occurs
naturally, social change is a response to complex cultural transformations. Change has a very
broad meaning, which involves changes with the social system and involves changes in the
dimension of interaction between individuals. Change is a condition that does not stand alone
because in it many factors are involved, both factors of social change that come from within
such as: increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries, social conflicts, and the
occurrence of rebellions or revolutions. As for external factors, there are natural disasters /
physical damage, as a result of war, the entry of other cultural influences.
The process of social change cannot be separated from the role of social movements.
Social movements are formed for the purpose of realizing social change in society. Social
movements are defined as collective efforts to pursue a common interest or movements that
aim to achieve common goals through collective action outside the scope of existing
institutions.
Social identity contestation is a manifestation of the identity of a group that wants to
show its existence in the public sphere or the wider community. There are three forms of
origin of a social identity, first, legitimizing identity, second, resistance identity, third, project
identity. Competition in the realm of social identity is growing rapidly after the emergence of
the era of globalization or information openness that can be reached by the whole world easily
and quickly.
