A Theory of Justice Q&A

John Rawls describes a series of measures that need to be put in place to truly implement the two principles of his theory of Justice. These measures can be categorised broadly into four sections. The first stage is the original agreement, which is where the principles of Justice are adopted in the original position. We then use the original agreement to craft a constitution that best embodies the principles of Justice. The constitution aids legislators in crafting just laws for the governance of a county. Lastly, these laws are applied by administrators and judges, who examine the specific conditions of an individual so as to appropriately curtail the law to bring about the most just and fair conclusion.

The Veil of Ignorance is a hypothetical condition in which people are not aware of their lot in life before agreeing to the social contract. John Rawls argues that if such a condition were true, then we would all choose to favor a social contract that would favor the most disadvantaged members of society since most participants would be concerned that they may be a part of that section of society.

The difference principle dictates that inequality in the distribution of primary goods may only exist in favor of the disadvantaged sects of society. However, John Rawls ranks the difference principle lower than the equal liberties and the equal opportunity principle. He asserts that inequality in distribution should not have any restrictive effect on the liberties of an individual.

The equal opportunity principle holds that individuals should be treated equally and should have the same opportunities to pursue their goals and achieve success, regardless of their background or circumstances. This principle is based on the idea that all individuals are of equal worth. John Rawls asserts that people with the same abilities and plans should be treated with equal respect and dignity and that any arbitrary differences in the opportunities available to them should be eliminated.